Ice hockey is a sport known for its speed and skill. However, its intensely physical nature is associated with the potential risk of injury, which has become a major public controversy in Canada (Cusimano, Sharma, Lawrence, et al., 2013; Emery et al., 2010). Epidemiological research has adequately documented the frequency and severity of injury (King & LeBlanc, 2006; Yard & Comstock, 2006). Yet, because of methodological limitations and the lack of systematic and mandatory injury prevention strategies implemented nationwide, injuries remain high (Cusimano, Nastis, & Zuccaro, 2013; Emery et al, 2010). An alternative methodology, combined with broadening injury definitions can provide a more detailed assessment of the risks of, and circumstances, around injury. A methodology, based primarily on observational techniques, was utilized to examine injury in body checking hockey when it is first introduced to youth players. Injury was defined as ‘any physical trauma that has occurred as a result of participation in an organized competition’ including four categories of injury severity. In a comparison of Ontario Peewee (ages 11-12) with Québec Bantam (ages 13-14) boys hockey, no significant differences were found in overall injury (χ2: 0.22; p:0.64), however, there were significant differences in frequency of body checking related injury; 76% versus 59% (χ2:4.76; p:0.03). The odds of being injured due to body checking are 2.158 times higher in Peewee (βex 2.158; 95%CI: 1.07-4.34; p:0.03) indicating no increased risk of injury when body checking is introduced later while delaying introduction reduces the frequency of body checking related injury. Ongoing public debate in Canada concerning safety in youth hockey is understood through the theoretical lens of discourse (Foucault, 1972, 1990). The dominant discourse in Canada around hockey is based in a traditional, physically dominant model, where intense physical contact is not only inevitable but desirable. The reverse discourse prioritizes the safety of participants over the potential of lessening the intense physicality of the Canadian style of play. These competing discourses create tension and ambivalence amongst safety advocates and conservative hockey practitioners and enthusiasts. The emotionality of hockey stakeholders often overwhelms logic regarding safety decisions, ultimately impacting progressive injury prevention initiatives.

CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAG Faculty of Physical Educational and Sport Department of Physiotherapy THE INFLUENCE OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM ON MUSCLE ACTIVITY OF LOWER LIMB MUSCLES IN RELATION TO THE RISK FACTORS OF HAMSTRING INJURY AT SOCCER PLAYERS Dissertation thesis Supervisor: Author: Doc. PaedDr. Dagmar Pavlů, CSc. Mgr. Iva Hnátová Consultant: PhDr. Aleš Kaplan, PhD. November 2012 SUMMARY Titel: The influence of the training program on muscle activity of lower limb muscles in relation to the risk factors of hamstring injury at soccer players. Objective: Hamstring strain is a serious injury and requires long-term treatment. Hamstring strain has a high risk of recurence. As a result of this injury is long-term lost of competition and training. Prevention is necessary because of this. The mechanism and etiology of this type of injury is still uncertain and still under discussion. Multifactorial etiology is commonly discussed. In our opinion, the best solution is the training program, which is made on the basis of cooperation the physiotherapists and coaches. The goal of this training program should be primary prevention of injury or reintegration of injured athlete in the training program or the prevention of reccurenc of injury. As the result of this cooperation should be training program with all aspects of...

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:32:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_ff_me_mar.pdf: 309440 bytes, checksum: 6225477b44062441ebc43afc906b77eb (MD5) / Os acidentes infantis são uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade e um grave problema de saúde pública cuja solução exige ações multidisciplinares, com integrando ao menos os profissionais da saúde e da educação. Na faixa etária escolar, são hoje a principal causa de mortalidade em todo o país e podem ocorrer dentro da escola ou no seu entorno. A implantação das Escolas Promotoras de Saúde pode ser uma boa estratégia de enfrentamento deste problema, com a realização de ações para a prevenção de acidentes com toda a comunidade escolar. No entanto, poucos estudos têm se dedicado a abordar o tema. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os relatos dos diretores e professores sobre os acidentes infantis e verificar o conteúdo dos livros didáticos de ciências quanto ao tema prevenção de acidentes. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma cidade de pequeno porte do estado de São Paulo, com todas as sete escolas do ensino fundamental, com o total dos diretores das escolas de ensino fundamental e com 91,1% dos professores (123) e com os livros didáticos da matéria de ciências (43 livros). Utilizou-se gravador, canetas, papel sulfite, impressos (termos de consentimento, cartas de apresentação, roteiro de entrevista e questionário). Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com os diretores, aplicação dos questionários aos professores e análise dos livros didáticos disponíveis nas escolas. As transcrições das entrevistas foram categorizadas e analisadas por juízes, assim como as respostas abertas dos questionários. Os resultados das entrevistas apontam que os diretores percebem a ocorrência de acidentes nas escolas; acreditam, em sua maioria, que os acidentes podem ser evitados; relatam que os acidentes acontecem principalmente no pátio, durante o intervalo; referem que não existem atividades sistemáticas de prevenção de acidente... / The children’s injuries are one of the most important causes of morbility and mortality and a severe public health problem; their solution requires an effort of multiprofessional people, integrating Health and Education professionals. At school age, it’s the most frequent cause of mortality in whole country and can be ocurring in and beside schools. The instalation of Health Promoting Schools can be a strategy of facing this problem, by making educative actions of preventing accidents, with all school’s comunity. However, few studies have been dedicated to work with this theme. In this way, this study’s goal was to identify the school principals’ and basic schools teachers’ reports about children injuries and to verify sciences textbooks about this theme. The research was done in a small town of São Paulo State, with all schools principals (seven) and practically all basic school teachers (123 teachers, 91,1%) and the sciences textbooks (43 textbooks). It were used a voice recorder, pens, paper, schedules (agreement terms, introducing letters, interviews schedule and questionnaire). Individual interviews were made with the school principals, questionnaires were applied to teachers and adopted science textbooks were analyzed. The interviews were transcripted, categorized and analyzed by judges, as well the open answer questions of the questionnaire. The interviews results appointed that principals’ notice injuries occurrences at school. In most, they believe that injuries can be avoided, and that accidents happen most at break time, in the atrium. They referred there aren’t systematic activities of injury prevention, neither programmation to the future; they seemed to recognize the importance of out-school partners, as well the possibility of members of school community to action on this theme. In the questionnaires, such as the principals’ interviews, there were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The physical demands of soccer players competing in the English Premier League have significantly increased in recent years (Barnes et al. 2014; Bush et al. 2015). Elite soccer players are required to compete on a weekly and often bi-weekly basis during a 9-month competitive season. During periods of fixture congestion, players may participate in three matches within a 7-day period. Previous researchers have reported that some components of performance and physiological measures may still be below a pre-match baseline 72 hours following match-play (Mohr et al., 2003; Andersson et al., 2008; Ispirlidis et al., 2008; Fatouros et al., 2010). Nevertheless, data are sparse for the quantification of player fatigue status during competitive periods. Therefore, the primary aim of this thesis is to evaluate potential indicators of fatigue which may be easily measured and utilised in elite soccer. The aim of the first study (Chapter 4) was to quantify the test-retest reliability of a range of potential fatigue variables in elite soccer players. During the pre-season period, resting perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality and stress), counter-movement jump height (CMJ), sub-maximal heart rate (HRex), post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRRbpm and HRR%), heart rate variability (rMSSD and LnrMSSD) and salivary immunoglobulin-A (S-IgA) were measured during the morning on two consecutive non-training days in thirty-five English Premiership players. Mean values of perceived ratings of wellness (7-13 %CV), CMJ (4 %CV) HRex (3 %CV) and HRR% (10 %CV) were not substantially or statistically significantly different between days. HRV measures’ rMSSD (28 %CV) and Ln rMSSD (10 %CV), perceived ratings of sleep (CV 13%CV) and S-IgA (63 %CV) were statistically significantly different between days. All morning-measured fatigue variables with the exception of S-IgA were reliable enough to allow feasible sample sizes in future pre/post studies. These data indicate that the use of perceived ratings of wellness, CMJ, HRR%, and, to a certain extent, HRV (Ln rMSSD) are reliable enough to monitor the fatigue status of a sample of elite soccer players. The aim of the second study (Chapter 5) was to quantify the relationship between daily training load and a range of potential measures of fatigue in elite soccer players during an in-season competitive phase (17-days). Total high-intensity running (THIR) distance, perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality), CMJ, HRex, HRR% and heart rate variability (Ln rMSSD) were analysed during an in-season competitive period (17 days). Within-subject fluctuations in fatigue (r=-0.51; large; P<0.001), Ln rMSSD (r=-0.24; small; P=0.04), and CMJ (r=0.23; small; P=0.04) were significantly correlated with fluctuations in THIR distance over the study period. Correlations between variability in perceived muscle soreness and sleep quality and HRR% and THIR distance were negligible and not statistically significant. Perceived ratings of fatigue and heart rate variability were sensitive to daily fluctuations in THIR distance in a sample of elite soccer players. Therefore, these specific markers show particular promise as simple, non-invasive assessments of fatigue status in elite soccer players during a short in-season competitive phase. The aim of the third study (Chapter 6) was to determine whether the sensitivity of a range of potential fatigue measures studied in Chapter 5 would be improved compared with the training load accumulated over the previous two, three or four days during a short in-season competitive period (17-days). Fluctuations in fatigue (r=-0.28-0.51; “small” to “large”; p<0.05) were correlated with fluctuations in THIR distance accumulation (1-4-day). Changes in HRex (r=0.28; small; p= 0.02) was correlated with changes in 4-day THIR distance accumulation. Fluctuations in Ln rMSSD (r=-0.24; small; P=0.04), and CMJ (r=0.23; small; P=0.04) were only sensitive to changes in THIR distance for the previous day (Chapter 5). Correlations between variability in muscle soreness, sleep quality and HRR% and THIR distance were negligible and not statistically significant for all accumulation training loads. Perceived ratings of fatigue were sensitive to daily fluctuations in acute THIR distance accumulation although sensitivity attenuated over time. Therefore, the present findings indicate that the sensitivity of morning-measured fatigue measures to changes in training load is not improved when compared with training loads beyond the previous days training. The fourth and final aim of the thesis was to quantify the mean daily changes in training load and parallel changes in measures of fatigue across typical in-season training weeks in elite soccer players. The training load of 29 elite soccer players was measured using the ratings of perceived exertion approach. Perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, sleep quality and muscle soreness), sub-maximal heart rate (HRex), post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) and variability (HRV) were also recorded across training weeks in the in-season competitive period. Morning-measured perceived ratings of fatigue, sleep quality and muscle soreness tracked the changes in RPE-TL, being 35-40% worse on post-match day vs pre-match day (P<0.001). Perceived fatigue, sleep quality and muscle soreness improved by 17-26% from post-match day to three days post-match with further smaller (7-14%) improvements occurring between four days post-match and pre-match day (P<0.01). There were no substantial or statistically significant changes in HRex, HRR% and HRV over the weekly cycle (P>0.05). Morning-measured perceived ratings of fatigue, sleep quality and muscle soreness are clearly more sensitive than HR-derived indices to the daily fluctuations in session load experienced by elite soccer players within a standard in-season week. The results of this thesis have shown that simple, ratings of perceived wellness are reliable and sensitive to short training and competition phases and thus may be a suitable strategy for practitioners to use in the attempt to establish fatigue status in elite soccer players. In particular, this thesis has demonstrated that the greatest sensitivity was observed on a daily basis and during typical training weeks and not during short term load accumulation. . Future work is required to quantify whether perceived ratings of wellness and vagal-related heart rate responses are sensitive to changes in training and match load across an entire competitive season in elite soccer players.

Injuries in childhood belong to general healthcare problems these days. They participate in the number of hospitalized and ambulatory treated children which costs our society a lot of money. Most laics and also nursing staff understand the term injury caused by an animal most of all the biting by a dog. The topic of injury caused by an animal became wider in child age. It is caused by the increase in the number of pets, often it is a small discipline of the animal owners and keepers, especially a free movement of dogs, cats, overpopulated sewer-rats in urban parts and also the higher number of exotic animals kept by non-professionals. Concerning rabies there is a given procedure for the biting by an animal which is not familiar or it is not possible to omit the transmission of rabies by saliva. The risks of tetanus and anaerobic infections are also known. The risks of the occurrence of a serious unspecific infection or cosmetic-plastic perspectives are less considered. In children these are mostly faces, arms and parts of fingers. As the initial source of long-term to whole-life consequences, the infection is assessed in primary care. The problem of suffering, psychical deprivation and pain of children and their relatives must not be omitted. Small injuries should not be underestimated. Every injured person should immediately seek medical help. Examination and treatment in children is necessary, even if the injury is small. According to my opinion the most injuries in children are caused by underestimating of risks which exist in the child ´s environment. It is not right to think that continuous supervision is the only way to avoid injuries. The prevention of injuries in children should also be supported by the efficient education of children on imminent danger. The part of prevention should also be the creation of a secure environment for a child. The objective of the thesis was to pay attention to these problems. Further, it was to map the rate of injuries of children in South Bohemian Region treated by Health Rescue Service of South Bohemian Region and Hospital České Budějovice Inc. The thesis should contribute to active solution of problems connected to injuries caused by animals and putting up with them.

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abstract: This thesis examines the integration of somatic principles into Irish Step Dancing. The researcher conducted a twelve week case study that explored how utilizing the Centre-line Support System in training competitive Irish Step Dancers, through integrating Alexander Technique and Bartenieff Fundamentals of Total Body Connectivity can generate increased height and efficiency in jumping and an improvement in upper-body carriage, while longitudinally reducing the occurrence of over-use injuries. Research occurred between January and March 2012 in Tucson, Arizona and Dublin, Ireland. Additional research and reflection occurred in Belfast, Glasgow, and London, United Kingdom; Limerick, Cork, and Galway, Ireland; Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Chicago, Illinois; Phoenix, Arizona; and Los Angeles, California. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.F.A. Dance 2012

abstract: The integration of yoga into the music curriculum has the potential of offering many immediate and life-long benefits to musicians. Yoga can help address issues such as performance anxiety and musculoskeletal problems, and enhance focus and awareness during musical practice and performance. Although the philosophy of yoga has many similarities to the process of learning a musical instrument, the benefits of yoga for musicians is a topic that has gained attention only recently. This document explores several ways in which the practice and philosophy of yoga can be fused with saxophone pedagogy as one way to prepare students for a healthy and successful musical career. A six-week study at Arizona State University was conducted to observe the effects of regular yoga practice on collegiate saxophone students. Nine participants attended a sixty-minute "yoga for musicians" class twice a week. Measures included pre- and post- study questionnaires as well as personal journals kept throughout the duration of the study. These self-reported results showed that yoga had positive effects on saxophone playing. It significantly increased physical comfort and positive thinking, and improved awareness of habitual patterns and breath control. Student participants responded positively to the idea of integrating such a course into the music curriculum. The integration of yoga and saxophone by qualified professionals could also be a natural part of studio class and individual instruction. Carrie Koffman, professor of saxophone at The Hartt School, University of Hartford, has established one strong model for the combination of these disciplines. Her methods and philosophy, together with the basics of Western-style hatha yoga, clinical reports on performance injuries, and qualitative data from the ASU study are explored. These inquiries form the foundation of a new model for integrating yoga practice regularly into the saxophone studio. / Dissertation/Thesis / D.M.A. Music 2012

abstract: ABSTRACT Musicians endure injuries at an alarming rate, largely due to the misuse of their bodies. Musicians move their bodies for a living and therefore should understand how to move them in a healthy way. This paper presents Body Mapping as an injury prevention technique specifically directed toward collaborative pianists. A body map is the self-representation in one's brain that includes information on the structure, function, and size of one's body; Body Mapping is the process of refining one's body map to produce coordinated movement. In addition to preventing injury, Body Mapping provides a means to achieve greater musical artistry through the training of movement, attention, and the senses. With the main function of collaborating with one or more musical partners, a collaborative pianist will have the opportunity to share the knowledge of Body Mapping with many fellow musicians. This study demonstrates the author's credentials as a Body Mapping instructor, the current status of the field of collaborative piano, and the recommendation for increased body awareness. Information on the nature and abundance of injuries and Body Mapping concepts are also analyzed. The study culminates in a course syllabus entitled An Introduction to Collaborative Piano and Body Mapping with the objective of imparting fundamental collaborative piano skills integrated with proper body use. The author hopes to inform educators of the benefits of prioritizing health among their students and to provide a Body Mapping foundation upon which their students can build technique. / Dissertation/Thesis / D.M.A. Music 2013