Bakgrund: Fotboll är en av dom största sporterna i världen och en av de främsta i Sverige. Skador är relativt vanligt inom sporten där knäskador är en av de mest förekommande. Det finns mycket forskning som visar på att skadeförebyggande träning minskar skadeincidensen men få studier är gjorda på svenska fysioterapeuters syn gällande skadeförebyggande träning inom fotboll. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka fysioterapeuters syn och erfarenheter av skadeförebyggande träning för knäskador inom fotboll hos fysioterapeuter anställda av svenska fotbollslag. Metod: En kvalitativ design användes. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes vid bearbetning av data. Resultat:  Studiens resultat visar att deltagarna har en varierad syn på skadeförebyggande träning.  Fysioterapeuterna beskriver vikten av en god träningsplanering, träning av stabilitet och kontroll, neuromuskulär påkoppling samt tid till återhämtning. Vidare bör kunskap förmedlas till spelare och tränare kring skadeförebyggande träning för att öka implementeringen.  Mental förberedelse ses också som en viktig faktor för att minska risken för skador. Fysioterapeuterna i studien kände alla till knäkontroll programmet och ansåg att det är ett väl utformat program med bra och lätta övningar men att det dock kan förkortas. Konklusion: Knäkontrollprogrammet, neuromuskulär uppvärmning och att spelarna har en god knäkontroll ses som viktiga aspekter inom skadeförebyggande träning. Fysioterapeuterna belyste mental förberedelse som en viktig faktor, vilket inte belysts i tidigare studier. Vidare studier behövs för att ytterligare undersöka betydelsen av mental förberedelse. / Background: Soccer is one of the largest sports in the world and one of the foremost in Sweden. Injuries are common in the sport where knee injuries are one of the most common. Research shows that injury prevention reduces the injury incidence, but few studies have explored Swedish physiotherapists views on injury prevention in soccer. Purpose: The purpose was to investigate physiotherapists views and experiences of injury prevention for knee injuries, among physiotherapists employed by Swedish soccer teams. Method: A qualitative design was used. Five semi-structured interviews were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was used in data processing. Results: The result shows that the participants have a varied view of injury prevention. The physiotherapists describe the importance of good training planning, training of stability and control, neuromuscular control and time for recovery. Furthermore, knowledge should be communicated to players and coaches about injury prevention to increase implementation. Mental preparation is also seen as an important factor in reducing the risk of injury. The physiotherapists in the study all knew about the knee control program and felt that it is a well-designed program with good and simple exercises, but the program can be shortened. Conclusion: The knee control program, neuromuscular warm up and that players have good knee control are an important aspects of injury prevention. The physiotherapists emphasized mental preparation as an important factor, which was not emphasized in previous studies. Further studies are needed to investigate the importance of mental preparation.

The unprecedented growth in participation in collegiate athletics has been accompanied by an increase in injury burden. The complex and multifactorial nature of sports injuries highlights the importance of monitoring athletes prospectively using a novel and holistic biopsychosocial approach, as opposed to contemporary practices that silo these facets of health. Data collected over two competitive, basketball seasons were used in a principal component analysis (PCA) model with the following objectives: i) Determine if on-court, sensor-derived and force-plate-derived countermovement jump (CMJ) biomechanics were correlated, ii) determine the reliability of the biomechanical principal components (PCs) and psychological state metrics (e.g., self-reported pain, etc.) across five preseason weeks, iii) investigate whether biomechanical PCs were correlated with psychological state across a season, and iv) explore whether subject-specific meaningful fluctuations could be detected using minimum detectable change statistics. Weekly CMJ (force plates) and on-court data (inertial measurement units), as well as psychological state (questionnaire) data were collected on the women’s basketball team at McMaster University for two seasons. It was found that on-court and CMJ biomechanics were correlated both between and within systems (r = |0.10, 0.94|; p < 0.05), suggesting that PCA would be an effective method to summarize data. The derived PCs displayed excellent reliability (ICC > 0.9), while psychological state metrics displayed moderate-to-good reliability (ICC = 0.71 – 0.89). While many relationships (n = 27) were identified between biomechanical PCs and psychological state metrics, no overarching associations were identified at the group level. However, subject-specific relationships were identified in case-studies, highlighting the potential utility of “red-flagging” meaningful fluctuations from normative biomechanical and psychological patterns. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of advanced analytical modeling to characterize components of student-athlete performance, health, and well-being, and the need for more tailored and patient-centered athletic monitoring practices. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Ergonomics software programs often use an independent axis approach (IAA) to calculate resultant shoulder strength to predict manual arm strength (MAS). The IAA treats strength about each joint axis (joint axis strengths: JAS) in the arm as independent motors, which all combine to complete an exertion. However, this form of modeling is not a true physiological representation of how the shoulder/arm function. The weighted average approach (WAA) was proposed, which combines the axes by weighting each strength based on its relative contribution to the resultant moment vector. The primary purpose of this thesis was to test the IAA using participant-specific JAS values, such that it afforded the IAA the best opportunity to predict MAS accurately. The secondary purpose was to test the WAA, to determine if it was a viable replacement for the IAA. Fifteen university age females completed two data collections. One tested the eight different JASs for the shoulder and elbow, and the other tested participant’s MASs in four hand locations and six exertion directions. The JAS force data, and postural kinematic data (from the MAS collection), were inputs into two models, which completed the MAS predictions. A 4 x 6 x 3 repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant three-way interaction between hand location, exertion direction, and method of MAS estimation (p<0.0001) on MAS. The most important finding of the thesis was that both the IAA and WAA predictions were significantly different than the MAS values. The IAA and WAA explained only 17.9% & 19.1% of the variance with RMS errors of 74.5 N & 73.4 N, respectively. This indicated that ergonomics software programs, using the IAA, should not be used to make arm strength predictions by ergonomists, and that WAA was not a viable replacement for the IAA. / Thesis / Master of Science in Kinesiology

本研究の目的は，無症状の野球選手における肩甲骨の運動異常(SD)の発生状況とSDを有する野球選手における投球中の肩関節の運動学・動力学的な特徴を評価することとした．この結果，無症状の野球選手はSD type Ⅰ(肩甲骨後傾の低下)の発生割合が最も多かったこと，とくにSD type Ⅰを有する野球選手はSDを有さない野球選手と比較して，投球中のレイトコッキング期の肩甲上腕関節(GH)の外旋角度と前方間力が増加し，肩甲骨後傾が低下していることが明らかになった． / 博士(スポーツ健康科学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Health and Sports Science / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAG Faculty of Physical Educational and Sport Department of Physiotherapy THE INFLUENCE OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM ON MUSCLE ACTIVITY OF LOWER LIMB MUSCLES IN RELATION TO THE RISK FACTORS OF HAMSTRING INJURY AT SOCCER PLAYERS Dissertation thesis Supervisor: Author: Doc. PaedDr. Dagmar Pavlů, CSc. Mgr. Iva Hnátová Consultant: PhDr. Aleš Kaplan, PhD. November 2012 SUMMARY Titel: The influence of the training program on muscle activity of lower limb muscles in relation to the risk factors of hamstring injury at soccer players. Objective: Hamstring strain is a serious injury and requires long-term treatment. Hamstring strain has a high risk of recurence. As a result of this injury is long-term lost of competition and training. Prevention is necessary because of this. The mechanism and etiology of this type of injury is still uncertain and still under discussion. Multifactorial etiology is commonly discussed. In our opinion, the best solution is the training program, which is made on the basis of cooperation the physiotherapists and coaches. The goal of this training program should be primary prevention of injury or reintegration of injured athlete in the training program or the prevention of reccurenc of injury. As the result of this cooperation should be training program with all aspects of...

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The subject of dance and injury has become an increasingly important area of study for sports medicine, education, and dance studies. However, the majority of current research focuses on professional dancers or pre-professional dancers in a conservatory training context. The research typically overlooks dancers in a university setting who pursue baccalaureate-level dance programs. This small-scale research study therefore focuses on collegiate dancers in their first year of study in a liberal arts dance program. As this population often sustains injuries, the thesis project seeks to examine the management of injury strategies and to create injury prevention guidelines for the liberal arts dance department, its dance classes, and a hypothetical syllabus for a first-year injury prevention course. The research methodology adopts three approaches: a survey of the incoming freshman dance class at Temple University; a detailed study of six previously or currently injured dance students through interview; and a critical assessment of the research on dance injury. The injury prevention guidelines developed from the student injury surveys, interviews, and assessments will focus on basic, yet essential, information regarding injury management and misconceptions, and the guidelines will prepare collegiate-level dancers for future injury challenges they may face. / Dance

The "Actively Caring for KIDS Process," a multi-component program that taught retail store sales associates to act as behavior-change agents for child passenger safety, was implemented at a nationwide-chain discount store and evaluated with an interrupted time series design and a similar control site for comparison. Key components of the KIDS Process included a) training of sales associates to act as behavior-change agents at the point-of-purchase, b) the use of in-store awareness and supportive materials such as posters and sales associate buttons, and c) incentives for participation in checkpoints. Safety-seat checks (n = 31) were held in store parking lots, where caregivers' safety-seat installations (n = 241) were recorded as safe or at-risk for a variety of criteria and then the seats were reinstalled correctly. Research assistants posing as child caregivers visited the retail stores (n = 156) with the purported objective of obtaining information about selecting and installing a safety seat. Information given by sales associates was systematically recorded as safe or at-risk on a checklist. A 2 (Store) x 2 (Phase) ANOVA on sales associates' percent safe information scores revealed a significant interaction and no main effects. The Control store did not differ across the two phases, but scores at the intervention store were significantly higher after the intervention than during pre-intervention and when compared to the Control store during post-intervention. The training of sales associates resulted in an average 65% increase in percent safe scores. At the parking lot checks, 93 percent of seats checked were misused in one or more ways, with an average of four errors per seat. ANOVA and Chi-square analyses indicated that the intervention failed to have an impact on child safety-seat misuse observed or on the number of participants attending the checkpoints. This is likely a result of few parents attending the checkpoints who had talked to our trained associates. To target more parents, this intervention might be better placed at well-baby checkups. / Ph. D.

No / Part 1 of this article identified the demands of female soccer and the specific areas of development required to optimize performance and reduce the risk of common injuries. Increases in aerobic capacity, strength, and lower limb control were required to improve performance and reduce the risks of common injuries. The aims of part 2 are to provide examples of evidence-based integrated strategies to address the issues identified in part 1 and to ensure not only enhanced performance but also a reduced incidence of common injuries in female soccer players.