Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad tränare inom truppgymnastik för barn mellan 8-12 år har för erfarenheter av skador och skadeförebyggande träning och hur man på bästa sätt främjar en stimulerande och motiverande träningsmiljö. Design och metod: Deskriptiv och explorativ kvalitativ design. Semistrukturerade intervjuer av fem tränare inom truppgymnastik för barn i åldern 8-12 år. Data bearbetades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman. Resultat: Tränarna hade erfarenhet av fysiska skador och arbetade med skadeprevention genom preventiva övningar och att upprätthålla säkerhet i träningen. Tränarna fann utmaningar i att bedöma allvaret i en skada, hur man kan förebygga den och hur den ska rehabiliteras. De önskar ökad kunskap i form av riktlinjer, utbildning, ökat föreningsengagemang samt samarbete med fysioterapeuter. En positiv träningsmiljö ansågs bäst för trivsel och framgång i sin idrott. Tränarna ska vara förebilder, ge positiv feedback och främja träningsglädje och skapa god gruppgemenskap. Det viktigaste var slutligen att ha roligt och inte hur bra man presterar. Konklusion: Erfarenheter av skador fanns men kunskaperna var begränsade kring prevention och rehabilitering. Yytterligare utbildning önskades samt konsultation från exempelvis fysioterapeut. Tränarnas sätt att främja en god psykosocial träningsmiljö för unga gymnaster överensstämmer med riktlinjer från idrottsförbunden och har vetenskaplig evidens och bör därför bibehållas i fortsättningen.  TeamGym, coach, children, injury prevention, rehabilitation, psychosocial,  physical therapy / Purpose: To investigate the experiences of a group of TeamGym coaches regarding physical injuries, injury prevention and how to enhance a stimulating and motivating environment for  training and competition for children in the ages of 8-12, in the best way possible. Design and method: Descriptive and explorative qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews with five coaches in TeamGym. Data analysis was conducted by using a qualitative content analysis. Results: The coaches have experienced physical injuries and work with injury prevention such as using preventive exercises and maintaining safety at all times. They found it challenging to assess the severity of an injury, how to prevent it and how to pursue rehabilitation. They need increased knowledge through education, commitment from their clubs and cooperation with physical therapists. A positive environment for training was considered vital concerning well-being in sports. Coaches should be role models and provide positive feedback and maintain a good team spirit. The most important aspect is to have fun rather than the gymnastic performance. Conclusion: Coaches in Teamgym have perceived lacks of knowledge regarding injuries and a limited experience from injury prevention and rehabilitation. Possible solutions are increased education and consultation from physical therapists. The coaches are encouraging a rewarding psychosocial training environment in a way which is coherent with guidelines from Swedish sports federations and is supported by existent scientific evidence. Hence they ought to maintain it.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Low back pain (LBP) is a significant problem among the nursing population worldwide. Manual lifting and shifting of heavy objects and patients are primary contributing factors. Nurses are supposed to be knowledgeable about the risk factors and preventive measures and effectively apply it into practice to prevent them from sustaining back injuries. Strategies to reducing the incidences of LBP in nurses have been previously implemented but with little outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between occupational risk factors and the prevalence of LBP in nurses at MOI, Tanzania. Therefore, the study examined; the prevalence of LBP amongst nurses, work-related risk factors contributing to LBP, knowledge and effectiveness of back care techniques, and barriers to effective back care techniques in clinical nurses. / South Africa

Bakgrund: Främre korsbandsskador är en av de vanligaste och svåraste skadorna inom damfotboll. Det finns stark evidens för att skadeförebyggande knäkontrollsträning förebygger främre korsbandsskador om följsamheten till träningen är hög. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka kvinnliga fotbollsspelares följsamhet till knäkontrollsträning och om det finns ett samband mellan följsamhet och self-efficacy, upplevda fördelar, upplevda hinder, yttre påminnelser, upplevd sårbarhet samt upplevd allvarlighetsgrad.  Metod: En kvantitativ ansats med en icke-experimentell tvärsnittsdesign har använts för att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Ett ändamålsenligt urval har tillämpats och data samlades in genom en webbenkät där 73 besvarade enkäter inkom. En deskriptiv frekvensanalys och Spearman’s rangkorrelation användes för att analysera resultatet. Resultat: 58,9% av deltagarna utförde knäkontrollsträning >2 ggr/veckan och följer rekommendationerna för knäkontrollsträning. Det fanns ett lågt samband mellan knäkontrollsträning och upplevda hinder, self-efficacy och yttre påminnelser. Mellan resterande variabler, divisioner och knäkontrollsträning förelåg inget signifikant samband.  Slutsatser: Resultatet tyder på en högre följsamhet till knäkontrollsträning än vad tidigare studier påvisat, dock anses följsamheten fortfarande vara för låg. Resultatet visar även på inget eller lågt samband mellan knäkontrollsträning och de centrala begreppen i HBM. Vidare forskning bör göras på ett större antal deltagare, män och ur andra beteendemedicinska perspektiv.

Introduction: Overload injuries are common among elite cross-country skiers. Screening tests are used in sports to prevent injuries. The tests are used extensively, however, the method has low validity. The knowledge from the current study may be used when developing new screening methods. Aim: To explore elite cross-country skiers’ own experiences, desires and needs for screening tests. Method: A qualitative method with an inductive approach was used and individual semi-structed interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.. Seven elite cross-country skiers at the National Sport University in Umeå were strategically selected. Consisting of six men and one woman, the median age of the skiers was 24 years old. All had performed a Functional Movement Screen (FMS) within the last three years. Results: The result consist of one main theme, namely “Strivning for avoidence of injury and increased performance”. Within this main theme there were four categories “Insufficient challenge to improve performance”, “Physical check leading to exercise adjustments“,”Athletic posture and good technique improves skiing” and “Adapting and planning their exercise”. Each of the categories have 3-4 sub-categories respectively. The result represent the skiers’ desire to remain un-injured while increasing their performance. They request more tailor made and sport specific screening tests developed for cross-country skiing. This based on careful observations and meassurements of the specific requirements of the sport. The insights from the screening test would ideally result in suggested training schedules and individualized exercises. Conclusion: Elite cross-country skiers piont out the need for objective observations and analysis methods of the physical challenges of cross-country skiing. This in order to identify performance-enhancing measures, while at the same time avoiding overload injuries. The knowledge from this study can provide future researchers the direction in which they should focus when developing new sport-specific tests. / Introduktion: Inom längdskidåkning är överbelastning den vanligaste orsaken till skada. För att undvika skador används ofta screeningtester av idrottare men det har i litteraturen dock svag validitet. Kunskapen från aktuell studie kan användas vid utvecklande av nya anpassade screeningmetoder. Syfte: Att utforska elitlängdskidåkares egna erfarenheter, önskemål och behov av screeningtester. Metod: Metoden var kvalitativ med induktiv ansats och individuella semi-strukturerade intervjuer analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Sju elitskidåkare vid Riksidrottsuniversitetet i Umeå valdes strategiskt ut, sex män och en kvinna deltog, medianålder var 24 år. Alla hade utfört Functional Movement Screen (FMS) inom senaste tre åren. Resultat: Resultatet består av ett tema ”Att sträva efter att undvika skador och öka sin prestation” och de fyra kategorierna ”Otillräcklig utmaning för förbättrad prestation”, ”Kroppslig check som leder till träningsjustering”, ”Atletisk hållning och god teknik förbättrar skidåkningen” och ”Anpassning och planering av sin träning” med 3-4 underkategorier var. Resultatet representerar längdskidåkarnas önskan om att hålla sig skadefria och öka sin prestation. De önskar att ett mer anpassat screeningtest bör utvecklas utifrån noggranna observationer och mätningar utefter de specifika kraven i idrotten. Det nya screeningtestet skulle kunna leda till råd om träningsupplägg och individanpassade övningar. Slutsats: Elitskidåkarna tycker det behövs objektiv observation av längdskidåkning och vilka krav som ställs på kroppen, för utvecklande av skadeförebyggande och prestationshöjande åtgärder. Kunskapen från denna studie ger riktning mot vad framtida forskning inom ämnet bör fokusera på vid utvecklandet av nytt idrottsspecifikt test.

Bakgrund: Skada på främre korsbandet (ACL) är en av de vanligaste skadorna en fotbollsspelare kan drabbas av. Anatomi och fysiologi kan förklara varför kvinnor drabbas i högre grad än män. Vid tillämpning av knäkontroll har incidensen av korsbandsskador setts minska men följsamhet till programmet har setts vara låg. Motivation och följsamhet är viktigt för att vidmakthålla ett hälsorelaterat beteende och med hjälp av en fysioterapeuts kompetenser inom beteendemedicin kan förutsättningarna optimeras för att öka tillämpningen av knäkontrollsträning. Syfte: Undersöka upplevelser av vad som motiverar och hindrar kvinnliga fotbollsspelare till genomförande av knäkontrollsträning. Metod: En kvalitativ beskrivande design med semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Sju kvinnliga fotbollsspelare inom Damallsvenskan och division 1 inkluderades. Manifest innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats användes. Resultat: 12 underkategorier uppdelade i fyra kategorier presenterades: Spelarens attityd till knäkontrollsträning, tid, kunskap för knäkontroll, förväntningar på effekter av knäkontroll. Slutsats: Uppsatsen påvisar att det finns flera psykosociala motivatorer och hinder för genomförande av knäkontrollsträning. Beteendemedicinsk tillämpning vid implementering av programmet kan optimera förutsättningarna för att fotbollsspelare ska utföra programmet.

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No / Objective To evaluate landing strategies of female football and basketball athletes with relation to possible injury mechanisms and disparity in injury. Design Descriptive laboratory study. Participants 52 female football players and 41 female basketball players. Main outcome measures Frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) was measured during the single leg land (SLL) and drop jump (DJ) screening tasks. Results 2 × 2 × 2 mixed factorial ANOVA showed significant main effects were observed for sport, whilst significant interaction effects were seen between sport and task. Females in both sports exhibited significantly greater FPPA values during the SLL task than the DJ task (p < 0.001). Basketball players demonstrated significantly greater FPPA values during SLL than football players (p < 0.001), whilst no differences were found between sports in the DJ task (p = 0.328). Conclusion Female basketball players display greater FPPA values during unilateral landing tasks than female football players which may reflect the greater ACL injury occurrence in this population. Injury prevention programs in these athletes should incorporate unilateral deceleration and landing tasks and should consider the specific injury mechanisms in each sport.

<p dir="ltr">Exposure to child maltreatment and neglect have lifelong negative impacts (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2016; Sheffler et al., 2020; Vig et al., 2020). While there are known risk factors that make a child more likely to experience abuse, there is little examination of the potential influence of parent or caregiver religious beliefs on the perpetration of child maltreatment (Beller et al., 2021; Ellison & Bradshaw, 2009; Rodrigues & Henderson, 2010; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022a). The prevalence of religiously related child maltreatment (RRCM) in the United States is unknown, and research has been limited to examinations of outlying Christian groups (Asser & Swan, 1998; Bottoms et al., 2015; Bullis, 1991; Simon et al., 2012; Sinal et al., 2008). However, there are some indications that instances of religiously related child maltreatment have been found to occur in mainstream sects such as Protestant denominations (Bottoms et al., 1995; Bottoms et al., 2015). This dissertation sought to examine how mainstream Protestant Christian parents (Evangelical & Mainline) conceptualized what was harmful or not to children in relation to their religious belief systems. Furthermore, this research examined the potential factors of influence on how Protestant Christian parents perceived child maltreatment and their perceptions of religious exemption applications to children.</p><p dir="ltr">An exploratory qualitative research design was taken to examine these research questions. A total of 23 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Indiana Protestant Christian parents. Interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using reflective thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2019; Braun & Clarke, 2020a, 2020b). Findings indicated that Protestant Christian parents across both denominations considered their religious beliefs to be a positive influence on how they raise their children, in particular, how they modeled showing love without judgment to others. Denominational differences were seen in modeling of love without judgment to marginalized communities. The personal experiences of Protestant Christian parents and their religious beliefs were influential factors on how these parents perceived what was harmful to children. When examining parents' awareness of religious exemption applications to childcare and parenting, most Protestant Christian parents indicated limited awareness. Thematic tensions were present when examining parents’ discussions of the use of religious exemptions for childcare and parenting practices. One tension was the parental right to religious exemption use versus the potential harm that could befall children through the use of such religious exemptions. These findings provide direction for future research to improve understanding of how mainstream Protestant Christian parents conceptualize what is harmful to children and the factors of influence.</p>

The purpose of this study on hand injury from powered wood splitters was to describe injury epidemiology and anatomy, to rate injury severity, to evaluate the outcome after injury and to describe factors of possible importance for the occurrence of injury. By searching a computerized patient registry, 131 patients injured by wood splitters from 1995 to 2001 were identified. Information was obtained from hospital records and radiographs, a written questionnaire and a structured telephone interview. Injury severity was rated according to the Hand Injury Severity Scoring System (HISS system) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS). Outcome was evaluated with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand outcome questionnaire (DASH) and, in 26 of the most severely injured patients, with the Sollerman test. Forty-six percent of the injuries occurred during April or May. Wedge splitters caused 82 % of all injuries and most often injured the index finger, while screw splitters caused 18 % of all injuries and most often injured the metacarpus. Screw splitters caused palmar perforation and thumb avulsion. Sixty-three percent of all patients had an amputation or devascularising injury. The reliability of HISS rating was good. The mean Hand Injury Severity Score (HISS) was 63 which is equivalent to a severe hand injury. The mean ISS was 3.7. Nineteen percent of patients had minor, 31 % had moderate, 23 % had severe and 27 % had major injury according to the HISS system. Children had more severe injuries than adults. There was no significant difference regarding HISS or DASH scores between wedge and screw splitter injuries. The mean DASH score was 15, indicating moderate residual sequelae, but patients without sequelae and patients with grave sequelae were found in all HISS severity grades. There was a weak but significant correlation between the HISS and DASH scores. The mean Sollerman score in the injured hand was 66, indicating significantly impaired hand function. Twenty-nine percent of splitters were home-made. Very few machines had the safety measures required by European Standards. Children were present during splitting in at least 15 % of cases. Not being alone at the machine was one cause of wedge splitter injury. Glove use was one cause of screw splitter injury. Hand injury from powered wood splitters is a significant problem. Many of the injuries are severe, and cause long term sequels and impairment of hand function. Prevention is essential and should focus on unsafe machines and dangerous patterns of use.