Roots: They take hold; they grow, expand and change, creating networks and sub-networks as they start to break above the earth's surface and stretch up higher towards the sky day by day. Roots can be taken out (the stock, stem or trunk removed), but both the memory and the evidence of the roots' existence will continue to remain for a while to come. The idea of "roots" applies to so much: from artists taking inspiration from previous artists, even at times to mirror the change in the world which one artist had previously documented; from the places we establish our families and create our memories, to a good deal more.

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The aim of this study was to determine if the occurrence, thalli length and cover of the epiphytic lichens Alectoria sarmentosa, Bryoria capillaris and Usnea dasypogea differ between sites with inland and coastal climate in Norrbotten county, Sweden. The trunk and branch diameter of the Picea abies trees, on which the lichens were inventoried, were measured as well. B. capillaris was the most common lichen species in both habitats. B. capillaris and A. sarmentosa had significant higher percentage occurrence in inland sites, while the occurrence of U. dasypogea was higher in the coastal sites. For B. capillaris, the percentage cover per branch was also higher in inland than in coastal sites. No significant difference in thallus lengths were found for any species. Obtained climate data suggest that humidity is higher inland, which is favourable for B. capillaris. Litterateur suggest that of all studied species, B. capillaris is the most common species in colder climates while A. sarmentosa is an intermediate and U.dasypogea is a lichen species normally occurring in warmer climates, which might explain their observed occurrence pattern outcome of the study. Linear regression was executed as well where only A.sarmentosa had significant and positive relationships to branch diameter. Other studies support the correlation with branch diameter but not with trunk diameter.

Most migrating songbirds are required to stopover to rest and replenish their fat reserves, and suitable stopover habitat is vitally important to their survival and success securing territories at their breeding and wintering grounds. Identifying and protecting stopover locations and movement corridors is essential to connecting all life stages of these species, yet there remain significant knowledge gaps regarding the utilization of stopover sites and fine-scale movements during migration, particularly at inland stopover areas. We investigated the factors that influence stopover duration and migration rate of ten migratory songbirds within the Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge in the Northeastern United States during two fall and spring seasons in 2015 and 2016 at 5 banding sites using automated telemetry. We expected that fat and mass would influence stopover duration and migration rate, in that birds with larger fat stores and greater masses would make shorter stopovers, and migrate faster than leaner birds. We also expected that birds would move faster in spring, and minimize time later in the season, by making shorter stopovers and migrating faster as the season progresses. A lower percentage of our focal species departed the banding sites within 24 hours compared to other studies in coastal and urban sites, indicating that more birds made stopovers. Sixteen percent of birds made prolonged stopovers (> 7 days) in spring, and 38 % in fall, highlighting the importance of the refuge for long term refueling. Spring birds made shorter stopovers, and traveled at faster rates than fall birds, suggesting there is may be more pressure for early arrival at breeding grounds. Spring birds captured with significant fat loads made shorter stopovers, and traveled faster than leaner birds. Spring birds also appeared to employ a time minimization strategy, with birds captured later in the season making shorter stopovers. Migration rate of spring birds decreased with distance from the capture site, indicating many birds needed to make additional stopovers. Fall birds that made longer stopovers migrated at faster rates. Fall birds captured later in the season made longer stopovers, and subsequently traveled at faster rates once they departed to possibly minimize time on migration. Variation in stopover behavior was evident among sites and species and this may suggest habitat or site characteristics that affect their value for migrating birds, which should be taken into consideration when conservation planning or vulnerable species. The extensive use of this inland National fish and wildlife refuge by migratory birds, and the fact that birds are acquiring energy reserves that are facilitating successful migration suggests this region is an important corridor for migrating songbirds.

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The purpose of this project was to develop a career workshop curriculum for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints - Welfare Services in the Inland Empire Area. The major steps involved in job search will be covered including: goal setting, networking, resumes and cover letters, interviewing, salary negotiations, and follow-up.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é propor diretrizes pró-ativas para o planejamento e gestão ambiental das hidrovias brasileiras, no que tange ao transporte comercial de cargas. O trabalho começa com uma abordagem panorâmica sobre o transporte hidroviário no Brasil, as vantagens deste modal, os dados sobre extensões hidroviárias, os entraves ao desenvolvimento do sistema hidroviário e o problema a ser resolvido. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória buscando informações técnicas e ambientais, além de se embasar no arcabouço jurídico dos órgãos intervenientes na gestão ambiental do transporte hidroviário. O trabalho foi dividido em elementos, fases, etapas e níveis hierárquicos de gerenciamento para um sistema hidroviário. Os elementos analisados foram vias, veículos, terminais, cargas e controles. O projeto hidroviário foi dividido em etapas de planejamento, implantação, operação, manutenção e desativação/descarte. A partir destes elementos foram identificados ações, atividades, os aspectos ambientais, os impactos ambientais associados a estes, e foram propostas medidas mitigadoras para minimizar tais impactos ambientais. O trabalho, ainda, teve outras divisões, bem como aquela que o divide em fases de Planejamento e de Gestão Ambiental. E com relação à hierarquia de gerenciamento, o trabalho foi dividido em estratégico, tático e operacional. Na fase específica de gestão ambiental são propostas duas alternativas de implantação de Sistema de Gestão Ambiental, uma que propõe a aplicação de planos e programas ambientais para assuntos e quesitos ambientais de maior relevância, sem se preocupar em certificações ambientais, e outra, que é a aplicação da Norma ISO 14001 para os sistemas hidroviários. Com isso, como contribuição, este trabalho preocupou-se em propor planos, programas e diretrizes para o planejamento e gestão ambiental de elementos que compõem a infra-estrutura do transporte hidroviário interior no Brasil, porém termina fazendo proposições de políticas públicas, baseadas nas reais necessidades do setor. / The main objective of this work is to propose proactive directives for the environmental planning and management of Brazilian inland waterways, as for as the commercial transport of cargo is concerned. The work starts with a panoramic approach to the inland waterway transport in Brazil, the advantages of this modal, the data about inland waterway extensions, the restraints to the development of the inland waterway system and the problem to be solved. With this objective, we made an exploratory investigation searching for technical and environmental information, besides finding support in the juridical framework of the organs related to the environmental management of inland waterway transport. The work was divided into elements, phases, stages and hierarchical levels of management for a waterway system. The elements analyzed were rivers, vehicles, terminals, cargoes and control. The waterway project was divided into planning stages, implementation, operation, maintenance and deactivation/discard. From these elements, we identified actions, activities, environmental aspects and environmental impacts associated to them, proposing mitigating measures to minimize such environmental impacts. The work also had other divisions, such as the one that divides it into the Environmental Planning and Environmental Management phases. In relation to management hierarchy, the work was divided into strategic, tactic and operational. In the specific environmental management phase, we propose two alternatives for the Environmental Management System implementation, one suggesting the application of environmental plans and programs for environmental issues and queries of greater relevance, without concerns about environmental certifications, and another one, which is the application of the ISO 14001 Standard on waterway systems. Therefore, as a contribution, this work is concerned with proposing plans, programs and directives for the environmental planning and management of elements which constitute the facilities of the inland waterway transport in Brazil, but it also makes propositions of public policy, based on the real necessities of the sector.

This thesis examines the relationship between the Africa Inland Mission (AIM) and the Africa Inland Church (AIC) in Kenya between 1939 and 1975. AIM began laying plans for an African denomination in Kenya in 1939 and established the Africa Inland Church in 1943. The mission did not clearly define the nature of its relationship with the church it founded. The arrangement was informal, and evolved over time. In addition, the relationship between the AIM and the AIC between 1939 and 1975 was often troubled. African independent churches were formed in the 1940s because of dissatisfaction over AIM policies. The mission opposed devolution in the 1950s, even when other mission societies were following this policy in preparation for independence in Kenya. AIM continued to resist a mission church merger in the 1960s and did not hand over properties and powers to the church until 1971. The study focuses on how the mission’s relationship with the church it founded evolved during this period. It considers how mission principles and policies created tension in the relationship with the church it founded. First, it examines how mission policy contributed to significant schisms in the 1940s, giving rise to African independent churches. Second, it looks at how AIM interpreted and responded to post-war religious, political and social changes in Kenya. Third, it explores the reasons for AIM’s rejection of a proposed mission-church merger in the late 1950s. Fourth, this study investigates mission motives for resisting increased African pressure for devolution after independence in Kenya even while it helped establish the Association of Evangelicals in Africa and Madagascar. Fifth, it considers what happened to the mission and the church in the aftermath of a merger in 1971.