Efforts to implement integrated pest management (IPM) strategies and improving our understanding of existing strategies are keys to achieving adequate control of tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris. Insecticide applications are a part of IPM and monitoring their efficacy is critical for producers to remain profitable. Resistance to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and sulfoxaflor was documented, although there continues to remain variability among populations within the region. The insect growth regulator, novaluron, although only lethal to nymphs, plays an important role in management of Lygus. Sublethal impacts to adult plant bugs may be an important factor in reducing populations within the growing season. Future research to confirm the validity of using a laboratory colony as a baseline for insecticide susceptibility is needed to account for increased vigor of insects reared on artificial diet.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-27T19:09:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Lilian Cristina de Sousa Oliveira Batista.pdf: 1288520 bytes, checksum: 258e3cf77d272f259a164d0a1e9ca8fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-27T19:09:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Lilian Cristina de Sousa Oliveira Batista.pdf: 1288520 bytes, checksum: 258e3cf77d272f259a164d0a1e9ca8fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / CNPq / FAPERJ / FAPUR / The objective of the present study was to evaluate through in vitro test, the efficacy and residual period of protection in an aerosol formulation of pyriproxyfen and cyfluthrin in the Ctenocephalides felis felis control. A white felt of one millimeter of thickness and two square meters was impregnated with a formulation at a concentration of 0.04% of cyfluthrin and 0.05% of pyriproxyfen (Fleegard ? Bayer), and after dried, retained at a natural conditions environment until the challenge?s day. For each day of weekly challenge, six strips of impregnated carpet and six control strips, without treatment were used. For the test with immature forms, each strip was placed in a test tube with 10 eggs or 10 larvae and a half gram of a required diet for the larval development. The tubes were inside an incubator at a temperature of 28 ? 1 ?C and relative humidity of 75 ? 10%. At the 25th day after the incubation, the material of each challenge was fixed with alcohol 70 ?GL and the quantification of adults emerged from puparium was performed with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. The average efficacy of egg-adult interruption of development was 98.78%, with minimum variation 89.47% and maximum 100%, and the larvae-adult was 96.16%, with minimum variation 82.14% and maximum 100%, over 182 days of challenge. For the test with adults were placed ten fleas not fed C. felis felis in each tube, being five male and five females. It was recorded the number of live and dead in times of 10 minutes, 30 minutes, one hour, two hours, three hours, four hours and 24 hours with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope on days 0 (30 min after impregnation of the felt), +1, +2, +5, +10, +15, +20 and +30 and was found to effectively, respectively of 35.7; 88.5; 75.9; 66.7; 67.6; 40.7; 22.2 and 12.3. It can be concluded that in aerosol formulation of cyfluthrin and pyriproxyfen was effective on the control of immature stages of C. felis felis for up to 26 weeks and adults after 24 h exposure to the product with residual action period extending substantially up to two days after the impregnation of felt. / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar atrav?s de teste in vitro, a efic?cia e o per?odo residual de prote??o de uma formula??o aerossol de piriproxifen e ciflutrina no controle de Ctenocephalides felis felis. Um feltro branco com um mil?metro de espessura e dois metros quadrados foi impregnado com a formula??o na apresenta??o de aerossol, em uma concentra??o de 0,04% de ciflutrina e de 0,05% de piriproxifen (Fleegard? BAYER) e ap?s a secagem, mantido no ambiente em condi??es naturais at? o dia de desafio. Foram utilizadas seis tiras de feltro impregnadas com o produto e seis tiras controle, sem tratamento, para cada dia de desafio semanal. Para o teste com formas imaturas, cada tira foi colocada em tubo de ensaio contendo 10 ovos ou 10 larvas e meio grama de uma dieta necess?ria para o desenvolvimento larval. Os tubos foram mantidos em c?mara climatizada com temperatura de 28?1?C e umidade relativa de 75?10%. No 25? dia ap?s a incuba??o, o material de cada desafio foi fixado com ?lcool 70?GL e realizada a quantifica??o de adultos emergidos do pup?rio com aux?lio de microsc?pio estereosc?pico. A efic?cia m?dia da interrup??o do desenvolvimento ovo-adulto foi de 98,78%, com varia??es m?nima de 89,47% e m?xima de 100%, e para a larva-adulto foi de 96,16%, com varia??es m?nima de 82,14% e m?xima de 100%, ao longo de 182 dias de desafio. Para o teste com adultos foram colocadas dez pulgas adultas n?o alimentadas de C. felis felis em cada tubo, sendo cinco machos e cinco f?meas. Foi registrado o n?mero de insetos vivos e mortos nos tempos de 10 minutos, 30 minutos, uma hora, duas horas, tr?s horas, quatro horas e 24 horas com aux?lio de um microsc?pio estereosc?pico, nos dias 0 (30 minutos ap?s a impregna??o do feltro), +1; +2; +5; +10; +15; +20 e +30 e constatou-se a efic?cia, respectivamente de 35,7; 88,5; 75,9; 66,7; 67,6; 40,7; 22,2 e 12;3. P?de-se concluir que a formula??o aerossol de ciflutrina e piriproxifen foi eficaz no controle ambiental de formas imaturas de C. felis felis por um per?odo de 26 semanas e para adultos 24 h ap?s a exposi??o ao produto com per?odo residual de a??o estendendo-se de forma significativa por at? dois dias ap?s a impregna??o do feltro.

Methoprene is a Juvenile Hormone (JH) analogue commonly used for the control of mosquito larvae. When applied to a mosquito breeding site, methoprene enters the haemolymph, where it mimics the function of JH and interferes with normal metamorphosis, resulting in larval mortality. Methoprene is commonly used for the control of larvae and has not been used as an adulticide, due to an absence of acute effects. This study evaluated possible chronic effects caused by the exposure of adult Aedes mosquitoes to methoprene. Methoprene was applied, in both technical grade and the commercially available Altosid®, topically to adults through droplet application on the abdomen and as a spray application. Mosquitoes were examined for treatment effects on ovary development, adult male and female mortality, and fecundity. The results demonstrate that relatively high doses are required to affect adult survivorship. In contrast, significant impacts on both fecundity and egg hatch were observed for females treated at the lower dosages. I discuss the results in relation to autocidal strategies for mosquito control in which the release of fecund females is to be avoided.

The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, is an economically important polyphagous pest with a broad host range. With occurrence of insecticide resistance, strategies to limit its ability to reproduce, which would curb population growth, are becoming increasingly more valuable. Strategies toward this goal include the application of insect growth regulators (IGRs) and utilization of resistant cotton lines. This thesis summarizes experiments that elucidate the physiological underpinnings of the mode of action of novaluron, an IGR, and a cotton chromosome substitution (CS) line on the reproductive physiology of L. lineolaris. Investigations reported herein indicate that novaluron inhibits oviposition by inhibiting ovarian development and decreasing the expression of a gene (LlCHS-1) encoding chitin synthase. Transcriptomic analysis of ovarian tissue of L. lineolaris fed on a resistant CS line compared to a control line revealed the downregulation of genes involved in chitin synthesis and upregulation of genes involved in chitin degradation.

Despite advances in mosquito management, mosquito-borne disease in the United States is still of relevant public health concern and vector control is a top priority in preventing transmission of pathogens. Insecticide barrier sprays have become a common tool for suppression of mosquitoes in single-homeowner backyards. The application of the synthetic pyrethroid, lambda-cyhalothrin to perimeter vegetation with a backpack sprayer has been shown to significantly suppress mosquito levels for around 6 weeks. In an attempt to lengthen the effective duration of treatment, the IGR, pyriproxyfen, was added to a backpack mist blower with lambda-cyhalothrin, as adult mosquitoes exposed to pyriproxyfen have been shown to disseminate it to oviposition sites and to experience lowered fecundity. This treatment was compared to lambda-cyhalothrin alone and to a water control. Mosquito populations were sampled using CO2-baited CDC light traps, CDC gravid traps, human landing rates, and ovitraps. Leaf bioassays were performed. The following summer, the same treatments were applied with a truck-mounted mist blower to tree lines in Central Kentucky, to test the efficacy of an application method that could be used on large properties. Finally, bioassays were performed with water sampled from pyriproxyfen-treated containers, exposed to field conditions to test for residual efficacy.