Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-03T20:37:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DOUGLAS AFONSO TENÓRIO DE MENEZES – TESE (PPGCC) 2017.pdf: 30688716 bytes, checksum: aeb667914da2d303938d7e10953623eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T20:37:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DOUGLAS AFONSO TENÓRIO DE MENEZES – TESE (PPGCC) 2017.pdf: 30688716 bytes, checksum: aeb667914da2d303938d7e10953623eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07 / Capes / O uso de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem está cada vez mais frequente, e muitas vezes os dados que são gerados nestes ambientes não são explorados adequadamente, o que dificulta a geração de indicadores da qualidade dos programas de formação. A qua- lidade do aprendizado em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem é determinada por uma organização adequada do material e das formas de ensino. Para tal, deverá ser levado em consideração, entre outros fatores, o histórico de sucessos e insucessos de realizações anteriores das disciplinas a serem ofertadas e do perfil específico das novas turmas de alu- nos. O tratamento adequado destes dados pode evidenciar indicativos importantes sobre o desempenho de uma turma, tais como o nível de comprometimento e a motivação dos alunos, fatores que podem influenciar diretamente no processo de aprendizagem. Estes dadospodemserutilizadosporespecialistasaoseremexibidoscomoumresumoemforma de visualizações gráficas adequadas, possibilitando uma rápida interpretação e percepção de indicativos importantes dos cursos e seus alunos. As visualizações auxiliam na com- preensão e análise dos dados gerados, ampliam a cognição e facilitam a compreensão das informações apresentadas. Esta tese apresenta uma proposta para visualização de dados educacionais, com o objetivo de analisar como a visualização de dados pode ajudar o professor a identificar e adequar um Design Instrucional problemático, por meio de dados históricos, de cursos já realizados, assim como durante a realização de uma nova edição do curso, auxiliando-o na melhoria do DI de um curso/disciplina. / The use of virtual learning environments is becoming more frequent, and often the data that are generated in these environments are not properly exploited, which makes it difficult to generate quality indicators of training programs. The quality of learning in these settings is determined by an appropriate organization of the material and forms of instruction. In order to do so, it should be taken into account, among other factors, the history of successes and failures of previous achievements of the disciplines to be offered and the specific profile of a new class of students. Adequate treatment of these data can show important indicators about a class’s performance, such as the level of commitment and motivation of the students, factors that can directly influence the learning process. These data can be used by specialists to be displayed as a summary in the form of ade- quate graphical visualizations, allowing a fast interpretation and perception of important indications of a course and its students. It helps to understand a set of data, facilitate the analysis of the generated data, to increase the cognition and the understanding of the presented information. This thesis presents a proposal for the visualization of educatio- nal data, in which the objective is to analyze how the visualization of data can help the teacher to identify and adapt a problematic Instructional Design, through historical data of courses already carried out, and during the realization of a new edition of the course, assisting the teacher in improving the Instructional Design of a course / discipline.

Esta pesquisa objetiva dar continuidade à evolução dos sistemas de gerenciamento de cursos a distância através do estudo de técnicas de design instrucional, design de interfaces e hipermídia adaptativa, com ênfase no processo de criação e alimentação de conteúdos instrucionais em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. Para alcançar os resultados esperados, a pesquisa se dividiu em três vertentes: design instrucional, que é o estudo dos métodos de organização de conteúdos instrucionais com foco na eficiência da transmissão e fixação do conhecimento; educação a distância, através da qual as técnicas de design instrucional são aplicadas com o auxílio de sistemas de informação para permitir transferência de conhecimento entre pessoas ou entidades que estão em locais distintos; hipermídia adaptativa, que é um conjunto de técnicas e tecnologias capazes de tornar sistemas de hipertexto adaptáveis a diferentes perfis de usuários. O resultado esperado da pesquisa é a criação de uma ferramenta adaptativa de alimentação de conteúdos em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem com o objetivo de tornálo capaz de gerar cursos adaptados a diferentes perfis de estudantes. / This research aims to continue the development of course management systems through the study of techniques for instructional design, design of interfaces and adaptive hypermedia with emphasis in the creation and supply of instructional content in virtual learning environments. To achieve the expected results, the research was divided into three dimensions: instructional design, which is the study of methods of organization of instructional content with a focus on efficiency of transmission and determination of knowledge, distance education, through which the design of instructional techniques are applied with the aid of information systems to enable transfer of knowledge between persons or entities that are in different places; adaptive hypermedia, which is a set of techniques and technologies capable of make hypertext systems adaptable to different profiles of users. The outcome of the research is the creation of a adaptive tool for content feeding in a virtual learning environment with the goal of making it capable of generating tailored courses to different profiles of students.

Gráficos e textos são os principais recursos didáticos utilizados na confecção do material instrucional. A linguagem visual tem qualidades diferenciadas que podem ser exploradas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, tais como a concisão, a obtenção de visão diferenciada a respeito do conteúdo, e a estimulação motivacional. Sabe-se que gráficos de diferentes tipos – fotografias, diagramas e ilustrações – podem ser utilizados de forma efetiva para melhorar o aprendizado. Entretanto, no âmbito educacional, a linguagem verbal sempre foi considerada mais importante em relação à linguagem visual. Como consequência, os profissionais do ensino e de outras áreas relacionadas à produção de materiais instrucionais não sabem utilizar gráficos de forma eficaz para atingir propósitos instrucionais. Portanto, esta pesquisa pretende contribuir para este contexto com a proposição de diretrizes para o projeto de gráficos instrucionais estáticos, que objetivam obter a qualidade dos mesmos. Como fundamentação teórico-metodológica, buscam-se conhecimentos nas áreas do design instrucional e design visual, englobando aspectos desses gráficos, da instrução e aprendizagem, e do âmbito do projeto visual. A metodologia da pesquisa é desenvolvida em três fases principais, nas quais são: levantadas orientações de projeto; sintetizado um conjunto de diretrizes de projeto de gráficos instrucionais estáticos; e verificada a qualidade desses gráficos por meio de avaliação com especialistas. Como principais contribuições desta pesquisa destacam-se: o conjunto de 19 diretrizes projetuais que pode ser utilizado em uma variedade de suportes e tipos de gráficos; o modelo de processo projetual para a concepção de gráficos instrucionais estáticos; e os critérios de qualidade desenvolvidos para os mesmos gráficos que podem ser utilizados também como fatores de análise e avaliação de gráficos. Com a aplicação dessas contribuições, é possível tornar mais eficiente o processo projetual, contribuir para a qualidade dos materiais instrucionais e facilitar a aprendizagem de usuários que utilizarem esses materiais. Além disso, esta pesquisa contribui para o desenvolvimento dos campos teóricos do design instrucional e design visual, especificamente relacionada aos gráficos instrucionais estáticos. / Graphics and texts are the main teaching resources used in the production of instructional material. The visual language has different qualities that can be exploited in the process of teaching and learning, such as brevity, obtaining different view about the content, and the motivational stimulation. It is known that graphics of different kinds – photographs, diagrams and illustrations – can be effectively used to enhance learning. However, the educational level, verbal language has always been considered more important in relation to visual language. As a result, school staff and other areas related to the production of instructional materials do not know how to use graphics effectively to achieve instructional purposes. Therefore, this research aims to contribute to this context to propose guidelines for static instructional graphics design, which aim to get the quality. As theoretical and methodological foundation, are sought knowledge in the areas of instructional design and visual design, encompassing aspects of these graphs, education and learning, and the scope of the visual design. The research methodology is developed in three main phases, in which are raised design guidelines; synthesized a set of static instructional graphics design guidelines; and verified the quality of these graphics through evaluation with experts. The main contributions of this research are: the set of 19 projective guidelines that can be used in a variety of media types and graphics; the design process model for designing static instructional graphics; and quality criteria developed for the same graphics that can also be used as factor analysis and evaluation chart. By applying these contributions, you can make more efficient design process, contribute to the quality of the instructional materials and facilitate the learning of users who use those materials. Additionally, this research contributes to the development of theoretical fields of instructional design and visual design, specifically related to static instructional graphics.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of instructor response prompts and rubrics on students' performance in an asynchronous discussion-board assignment, their learning achievement on an objective-type posttest, and their reported satisfaction levels. Researchers who have studied asynchronous computer-mediated student discussion transcripts have found evidence of mostly mid-level critical thinking skills, with fewer examples limited to lower or higher order thinking skill demonstration. Some researchers suggest that instructors may facilitate increased demonstration of higher-order critical thinking skills within asynchronous discussion-board activities. However, there is little empirical evidence available to compare the use of different external supports to facilitate students' critical thinking skills performance and learning achievement in blended learning environments. Results of the present study indicate that response prompts and rubrics can affect students' discussion performance, learning, and satisfaction ratings. The results, however, are complex, perhaps mirroring the complexity of instructor-led online learning environments. Regarding discussion board performance, presenting students with a rubric tended to yield higher scores on most aspects that is, on overall performance, as well as depth and breadth of performance, though these differences were not significant. In contrast, instructor prompts tended to yield lower scores on aspects of discussion board performance. On breadth, in fact, this main effect difference was significant. Interactions also indicated significant differences on several aspects of discussion board performance, in most cases indicating that the combination of rubric and prompt was detrimental to scores. The learning performance on the quiz showed, again, the effectiveness of rubrics, with students who received the rubric earning significantly higher scores, and with no main effects or interactions for instructor prompts. Regarding student satisfaction, again, the picture is complicated. Results indicated that, in some instances, the integration of prompts resulted in lower satisfaction ratings, particularly in the areas of students' perceptions of the amount of work required, learning in the partially online format, and student-to-student interaction. Based on these results, design considerations to support rubric use and explicit feedback in asynchronous discussions to support student learning are proposed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Technology 2012

Gráficos e textos são os principais recursos didáticos utilizados na confecção do material instrucional. A linguagem visual tem qualidades diferenciadas que podem ser exploradas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, tais como a concisão, a obtenção de visão diferenciada a respeito do conteúdo, e a estimulação motivacional. Sabe-se que gráficos de diferentes tipos – fotografias, diagramas e ilustrações – podem ser utilizados de forma efetiva para melhorar o aprendizado. Entretanto, no âmbito educacional, a linguagem verbal sempre foi considerada mais importante em relação à linguagem visual. Como consequência, os profissionais do ensino e de outras áreas relacionadas à produção de materiais instrucionais não sabem utilizar gráficos de forma eficaz para atingir propósitos instrucionais. Portanto, esta pesquisa pretende contribuir para este contexto com a proposição de diretrizes para o projeto de gráficos instrucionais estáticos, que objetivam obter a qualidade dos mesmos. Como fundamentação teórico-metodológica, buscam-se conhecimentos nas áreas do design instrucional e design visual, englobando aspectos desses gráficos, da instrução e aprendizagem, e do âmbito do projeto visual. A metodologia da pesquisa é desenvolvida em três fases principais, nas quais são: levantadas orientações de projeto; sintetizado um conjunto de diretrizes de projeto de gráficos instrucionais estáticos; e verificada a qualidade desses gráficos por meio de avaliação com especialistas. Como principais contribuições desta pesquisa destacam-se: o conjunto de 19 diretrizes projetuais que pode ser utilizado em uma variedade de suportes e tipos de gráficos; o modelo de processo projetual para a concepção de gráficos instrucionais estáticos; e os critérios de qualidade desenvolvidos para os mesmos gráficos que podem ser utilizados também como fatores de análise e avaliação de gráficos. Com a aplicação dessas contribuições, é possível tornar mais eficiente o processo projetual, contribuir para a qualidade dos materiais instrucionais e facilitar a aprendizagem de usuários que utilizarem esses materiais. Além disso, esta pesquisa contribui para o desenvolvimento dos campos teóricos do design instrucional e design visual, especificamente relacionada aos gráficos instrucionais estáticos. / Graphics and texts are the main teaching resources used in the production of instructional material. The visual language has different qualities that can be exploited in the process of teaching and learning, such as brevity, obtaining different view about the content, and the motivational stimulation. It is known that graphics of different kinds – photographs, diagrams and illustrations – can be effectively used to enhance learning. However, the educational level, verbal language has always been considered more important in relation to visual language. As a result, school staff and other areas related to the production of instructional materials do not know how to use graphics effectively to achieve instructional purposes. Therefore, this research aims to contribute to this context to propose guidelines for static instructional graphics design, which aim to get the quality. As theoretical and methodological foundation, are sought knowledge in the areas of instructional design and visual design, encompassing aspects of these graphs, education and learning, and the scope of the visual design. The research methodology is developed in three main phases, in which are raised design guidelines; synthesized a set of static instructional graphics design guidelines; and verified the quality of these graphics through evaluation with experts. The main contributions of this research are: the set of 19 projective guidelines that can be used in a variety of media types and graphics; the design process model for designing static instructional graphics; and quality criteria developed for the same graphics that can also be used as factor analysis and evaluation chart. By applying these contributions, you can make more efficient design process, contribute to the quality of the instructional materials and facilitate the learning of users who use those materials. Additionally, this research contributes to the development of theoretical fields of instructional design and visual design, specifically related to static instructional graphics.

O Design trabalha com a comunicação, facilitando a transmissão da mensagem ao público, pois intervém nos aspectos visuais e sensoriais do processo. Realiza um trabalho criativo e de qualidade, levando em conta a facilidade de percepção do conteúdo e da mensagem. Desta maneira, o designer não atua em uma única área, mas tem um amplo espectro de possibilidades projetuais, nas quais deve buscar a inclusão de todas as camadas da sociedade, sem preconceitos, valorizando sempre a multidisciplinaridade. Este aspecto do design é de grande relevância, pois sempre atua em conjunto com outras áreas, especialmente na execução de ações com objetivos comuns. O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar e analisar o ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Fonoaudiologia para Pediatras desenvolvido por Martins (2012) sobre a aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil para orientação de médicos pediatras, realizando um re-design do ambiente para melhorar sua qualidade gráfica e sua interação digital. Atuou-se nos aspectos gráfico e digital do produto e analisou-se a qualidade do recurso tecnológico utilizado. Participaram do estudo 115 profissionais das áreas do design gráfico, web design e publicidade. A avaliação do material foi realizada por meio de um préquestionário, no qual o usuário não se identificava, mas fornecia informações referentes a sua área de atuação específica, ano de formação e local em que atua e outro questionário avaliativo adaptado do instrumento WebMAC - Website Motivational Analysis Checklist for Evaluating Service-Based Commercial Web Sites para checar se o layout, a estrutura de navegação, a identidade visual e as imagens desenvolvidos estão adequados ao assunto, ao público e ao objetivo do Ambiente. Para a inserção dos questionários no ambiente projetado, foi utilizado o Google DOCs, que permite a elaboração de questionários e planilhas on-line. Para a utilização desse serviço foi necessária a realização de um cadastro no Google com nome de usuário e senha. O resultado da adaptação proposta do endereço para acesso, http://www.fonopediatria.com e o processo de avaliação por designers foi efetivo para conferir a qualidade do Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem, considerando o ambiente excelente, com alta expectativa para o sucesso. / The Design works with communication, facilitating the transmission of the message to the public because it intervenes in the visual and sensory aspects of the process. Make a creative quality work, considering the ease of perception of the content and the message. Thus, the designer doesnt work in a single area, but has a wide range of projective possibilities in which has to seek to include all society stratums, without prejudices, always emphasizing multidisciplinarity. This aspect of the design has great relevance, as always acts in conjunction with other areas, especially in the implementation of actions with the other areas, especially in implementing of joint actions with common goals. The goal of this study was to adapt and analyze the virtual learning environment Speech Therapy for Pediatricians developed by Martins (2012) about the acquisition and development of children\'s language for the guidance of pediatricians, performing a re-design of the environment to improve its graphic quality and digital interaction. We acted in graphic and digital aspects of the product and analyzed the quality of the technological resources used. Participated in this study 115 professionals in graphic design, web design and advertising. The evaluation of the material was performed by a pre-questionnaire, in which the user wasnt identified, but provided information from their specific area of expertise, graduation year and their performance area and other evaluative questionnaire adapted from the WebMAC instrument - Website Motivational Analysis Checklist for Evaluating Service- based Commercial Web Sites to check if the layout, navigation structure, visual identity and if the developed images are appropriate to the subject, the public and the goal of the Environment. For the insertion of the questionnaires in the projected environment, we used Google Docs, that allows the development of questionnaires and online worksheets. To use this service was necessary to execute a registration on Google with an username and password. The result of the proposed adaptation of the address to access, http://www.fonopediatria.com and the designers evaluation process was effective to confer the quality of the Virtual Learning Environment, considering the environment excellent, with high success expectations.

This is an educational design project exploring how prehospital care training can be altered to improve mental proficiency for emergency medical professionals.  The London Air Ambulance performs a complex life-saving procedure known as REBOA (Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta) on the roadside; the only emergency medical service to do so worldwide. Teams consisting of a doctor-paramedic pairing are required to perform at their peak in extreme environments, making training for such circumstances crucial. As a result, this project strategically maps current mental processes into a framework, identifying multiple design opportunities to approach chaotic accident scenes. The framework acts as the basis for defining a curriculum, which, using Instructional Design principles, develops into a learning programme that highlights how learners experience training activities to modify communication habits and on-scene behaviour. A three-part toolkit embodies this learning programme, functioning as a sensory guide to explicitly direct attention at pre-, mid- and post-procedure interaction events between team members.

The essence of an effective knowledge transfer process for a technical organization cannot be overemphasized. It does not only translate to its advancement but also improves the learning capacity of the staff in the organization. The purpose of this work is to analyze and diagnose the current process of technical knowledge transfer It goes further to proffer a suitable model of design process for the technical instructions (which is one form of knowledge that is present in the organization) so as to improve not only the instructional manual but also the processes involved. The instructional model is a model gotten from the field of instructional technology (a sub-sect of educational technology) which is used to achieve this feat.

The introduction of learning technologies into education is making the design of courses and instructional materials an increasingly complex task. Instructional design languages are identified as conceptual tools for achieving more standardized and, at the same time, more creative design solutions, as well as enhancing communication and transparency in the design process. In this article we discuss differences in cognitive aspects of three visual instructional design languages (E²ML, PoEML, coUML), based on user evaluation. Cognitive aspects are of relevance for learning a design language, creating models with it, and understanding models created using it. The findings should enable language constructors to improve the usability of visual instructional design languages in the future. The paper concludes with directions with regard to how future research on visual instructional design languages could strengthen their value and enhance their actual use by educators and designers by synthesizing existing efforts into a unified modeling approach for VIDLs.

The decline of the requisite linguistic skills of law students around the world has been documented comprehensively through legal scholarship. While ameliorating initiatives attempt to remedy law school education, the curriculization of English for academic legal purposes (EALP) has been neglected, resulting in the absence of a principled curricular framework for developing EALP syllabi. The proliferation of legal English communication across the circles of world English has accentuated the deterioration of students’ linguistic skills and exacerbated the educational challenges confronting law schools. These premises were influenced and validated by the researcher’s experiences as student and teacher of law and language. Three research questions address the rationale and guide the research: (1) Which curricular principles can be deduced from theoretical linguistics, second language (L2) pedagogy, and legal education to constitute a framework for EALP? (2) Which legal linguistic skills clusters can be identified from a typology of EALP-type textbooks? (3) As research outcome, how can the literature review and textbook analysis be synthesized into a cohesive curricular framework for EALP that can be applied across the circles of world English? The cyclical research strategy that underpinned this qualitative study relied on a social constructionist worldview, case study methodology, and qualitative content analysis method. The literature review probed theoretical linguistics, L2 pedagogy, and legal education as tributary disciplines of EALP. Insights gleaned from the literature review informed the qualitative content analysis of a purposive sample of EALP-type textbooks (N = 44). The textbooks were coded to create a typology and to determine the clusters of linguistic skills introduced during law school and across the circles of world English. The literature review led to the formulation of theoretically informed, curricular principles from the three disciplines that underpin EALP. The qualitative content analysis resulted in the creation of a typology of textbooks that exhibits clusters of linguistic skills that are scaffolded throughout law school. While academic communication skills were accentuated, legal linguistic skills incorporate additional clusters of thinking, research, and pedagogic skills. Together these skills constitute the skill of “thinking like a lawyer.” A synthesis of the theoretical principles and skills clusters provides a holistic curricular framework for EALP that is sensitive to the local diversity within the circles of world English. The curricular framework for EALP draws legal English from the periphery to the center of law school education by accentuating the legal linguistic skills needed both in academia and in legal practice. The main limitations of the study are the challenges posed by the inclusion of original EALP syllabi and the manual coding of the textbook sample. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015. / Humanities Education / Unrestricted