Muntlig kommunikation är ett viktigt inslag i matematikämnet. I dagens skola består stor del av matematikundervisningen av enskilt arbete i läromedel trots att ämnet ska präglas av varierande arbetssätt och arbetsformer. Studiens syfte är att genom kvalitativa intervjuer få en djupare insikt i hur lärare utformar matematikundervisningen för att stärka elevernas kommunikationsförmåga med fokus på muntlig kommunikation. Arbetet utgår från Engeströms verksamhetsteori vilken används för att undersöka vilka instrument lärare beskriver att de använder för att utveckla elevernas matematiska kommunikationsförmåga. Resultatet visar att lärare använder flera olika instrument för att elevernas kommunikationsförmåga ska utvecklas. Utifrån resultatet går det även att urskilja flera utmaningar lärare upplever såsom att utforma par och grupper samt stötta och inkludera andraspråkselever. Slutligen visar resultatet att majoriteten av lärarna anser att klassrumsklimatet är av stor vikt för att eleverna ska våga uttrycka sig muntligt.

This study is concerned with Michael Corrette (1709-1795) and his contribution to music pedagogy through seven of his extant string instrument treatises. Besides the translations from French into English, the dissertation includes an extensive commentary corroborating his information with ideas of other noteworthy, predominantly-French string writers of the period.

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Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a worldwide problem. The existing portable field test kits can not provide accurate results when the arsenic concentration is around 10 μg L-1 or lower. This research first was focused on the development and validation of methods in which portable instrumentation, such as electrochemistry instruments or quartz crystal microbalances, could be used to accurately determine arsenic concentrations in water even when the concentration is below 10 μg L-1. A modified anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) method with measurement at a microarray electrode manufactured by TraceDetect Inc. was developed. When the ASV method with a gold electrode was applied for real water analysis, the detection limit of arsenite was 2.2 μg L-1, and for arsenate was 0.13 μg L-1. In the CSV method the more commonly used hanging mercury drop electrode was replaced with a mercury film array electrode. Under the optimum condition, this method had a detection limit for arsenite of 0.58 μg L-1 and for arsenate of 2.7 μg L-1. A method for the determination of arsenic using a quartz crystal microbalance was developed in which the crystal surface was modified in situ by dithiolthreitol, an arsenite-selective ingand. The method was applied to real water sample analysis with a limit of 0.6 μg L-1. The second was concerned with an investigation of the kinetics of the reactions that are the basis of several currently available field test kits (as exemplified by the Hach Kit) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with the goal of improving the performance of the test kit. The time for arsine gas reaches to the maximum concentration in the headspace of the vessel was about 60 min without continuous stirring and only 20% of arsenic was absorbed on the test strip. To speed up the arsine generation, continuous stirring condition can be applied. It also made more arsine absorbed on the test strip. The SEM study proves the structure of the darker colored compound. For the lighter colored compounds, the information is not enough to make a conclusion.

<p> Two methods of approach are presented for the analysis of digitized data containing instrument response effects. The first method corrects the data vector by means of multiplication by the inverse response matrix. In order to accomodate large size data fields, a special effort is made to obtain expressions for the inverse. matrix elements in closed form. Reduction of statistical uncertainties is accomplished by application of non-negativity conditions. The second approach is based on the method of least squares. Applications to two-dimensional coincidence spectra and nonlinear model functions are discussed in some detail. Although the main emphasis is placed on analysis of nuclear spectra, the techniques presented need· not be limited to this application alone. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Over the years, teachers, administrators, and policy makers have been concerned with optimizing learning for all students. The No Child Left Behind Act put an emphasis on summative assessments, which measure what students have learned. In contrast, formative assessment has been shown in many studies to improve student achievement and motivation because it is applied while students are learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate, for middle and high school mathematics and science instruction, the validity and reliability of a newly developed observation instrument called AssessToday, which is used in a single class period to assess a teacher’s use of short-cycle formative assessment. The content validity of the instrument was supported through an extensive literature review, feedback from experts in the field of formative assessment, and an examination of 98 classroom observations. For assessing reliability of the instrument, inter-rater reliability coefficients were calculated using data collected by trained observers who independently rated teachers during the same class period using three measures: percentage of agreement between raters, Cohen’s kappa, and Fleiss kappa. Cohen’s kappa (N = 36 pairs) ranged from .62 to 1.00 for all observer pairs with an average kappa of .75 for mathematics (n = 16 pairs) and .76 for science (n = 20 pairs). The recommended threshold for kappa is k = .70. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the observation data and the determined factors related to the theoretical framework established in the literature. The results affirmed that the instrument is a tool to be utilized in short-cycle formative assessment with middle and high school science and mathematics teachers.

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<p>Validerat; 20150701 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>