Unidad de Práctica Prolongada para optar al título de Químico Farmacéutico / El presente informe, corresponde a la práctica prolongada para optar al título profesional de Químico Farmacéutico. Se realizó por un periodo de seis meses en la empresa PerkinElmer Chile, empresa dedicada a la comercialización, instalación, capacitación y asesorías en instrumentación analítica de alta tecnología. El principal objetivo fue obtener las competencias para realizar pre-instalaciones, instalaciones y capacitaciones en diferentes líneas analíticas (orgánicas), espectroscopia [Ultravioleta-visible (UV-vis); Infrarroja con trasformada de Fourier (FT-IR) y RAMAN] y cromatográficas (GC), con la finalidad de externalizar los procesos de pre-instalación e instalación. Tal objetivo se materializó con la creación de una empresa. Para la pre-instalación, se optimizó el proceso creando un protocolo y, en las instalaciones, se modificaron los protocolos ya existentes, debido a que contenían pasos que no se realizaban o bien acciones sí realizadas que no estaban del todo descritas. La metodología consistió en dos tipos de visitas: La pre-instalación, en la cual se chequean las condiciones mínimas exigidas para la posterior instalación (el no cumplimiento implica la no realización de ésta). El segundo tipo de visita correspondió a la instalación, donde se procede a la puesta en marcha de los equipos (hardware y software). El proceso va de la mano con una capacitación o training básico de operación instrumental. Además, surgieron mantenciones y servicios técnicos, todos ellos realizados a múltiples empresas, tanto del área farmacéutica, ambiental, alimenticia, gases, etc., como también a universidades. El estudio constante sobre química analítica, hardware y software de los diferentes instrumentos, también tuvo un papel esencial en el correcto desarrollo de la metodología. Para la creación del protocolo de pre-instalaciones se recopilaron experiencias sobre los procesos ya existentes y se realizó una mejora a éste (mejora continua). En cuanto a las pre-instalaciones, el resultado obtenido fue su optimización. Éste pasó de tener un enfoque pasivo por parte de PerkinElmer a un enfoque activo, ya no por parte de PerkinElmer, sino que la responsabilidad del proceso fue tomada por la empresa creada para este fin. Dicha labor consistió en realizar un seguimiento constante de los avances y requerimientos, con la finalidad de asegurar que el ingeniero de servicio, al momento de presentarse a la instalación, cuente con los requerimientos mínimos. El nuevo procedimiento tuvo una amplia aceptación tanto por parte de los clientes, como de los ingenieros de servicio de PerkinElmer. Los principales resultados por parte de las instalaciones fueron diversos para las diferentes líneas analíticas: en Espectroscopia UV-vis, se realizaron tres servicios técnicos y una visita de pre-instalación; en Espectroscopia Infrarroja con trasformada de Fourier (FT-IR), tres instalaciones, dos capacitaciones de equipos y tres de accesorios, además de una mantención; en Espectrometría RAMAN, seis instalaciones y tres capacitaciones; en cuanto a las Cromatografía gaseosa (GC): tres instalaciones, tres

Thesis advisor: Peter Gottschalk / This paper examines the impact of spatial variation in HIV rates on female marriage rates in Zambia. I formulate a search model that predicts lower marriage rates of educated females relative to uneducated females in regions with higher HIV rates. I use exogenous geographic variation in HIV rates to identify the causal effect of HIV on female marriage. The risk of HIV infection causes marriage rates to fall for educated females but rise for uneducated females. One explanation is that in high HIV regions: (1) educated females take the time to find a partner who will use condoms and get HIV tested, which delays marriage, and (2) uneducated females marry sooner because youth and virginity are prized by males, and employment opportunities are scarce. These findings imply that returns to education for young females are likely underestimated since they miss conceivably substantial health-related benefits. Is widow remarriage beneficial to child school enrollment? Women are widowed at relatively young ages in high-HIV areas of Sub Saharan Africa and are likely to have school-aged children. A main finding in the parental death literature is that the death of a mother hurts child education more so than does the death of a father. This masks important differences in child school enrollment across households who have experienced a father's death. This paper estimates the effect of widow remarriage on child school enrollment by exploiting regional variation in HIV, religion, and the sex ratio. The cross-country empirical results indicate that remarriage is detrimental to child enrollment for widows with less than six years of schooling, yet beneficial to child enrollment for widows with six or more years of schooling. This is consistent with (1) marital sorting by education (correlation=.7), (2) intra-household bargaining, and (3) differences in tastes for remarriage and schooling. A policy implication is that investing in female education in high-HIV areas - among those likely to become widows - can have multiplier effects, as there is complementarity between the returns to education on marriage market outcomes and children's education. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics.

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Ip Kim Ho. / Thesis (M.Mus.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997.

Regression models describingthe dependence between a univariate response and a set of covariates play a fundamental role in statistics. In the last two decades, a tremendous effort has been made in developing flexible regression techniques such as generalized additive models(GAMs) with the aim of modelling the expected value of a response variable as a sum of smooth unspecified functions of predictors. Many nonparametric regression methodologies exist includinglocal-weighted regressionand smoothing splines. Here the focus is on penalized regression spline methods which can be viewed as a generalization of smoothing splines with a more flexible choice of bases and penalties. This thesis addresses three issues. First, the problem of model misspecification is treated by extending the instrumental variable approach to the GAM context. Second, we study the theoretical and empirical properties of the confidence intervals for the smooth component functions of a GAM. Third, we consider the problem of variable selection within this flexible class of models. All results are supported by theoretical arguments and extensive simulation experiments which shed light on the practical performance of the methods discussed in this thesis.

Composing is widely recognized by both researchers in music education and the NAfME (National Association for Music Education) as an important element in music education. However, composing as a primary activity has still not yet been established as an important aspect of secondary music education, particularly in the large ensemble setting. This study shows the efforts and outcomes of high school instrumental students as they created a notated musical composition for either a concert band or orchestra. What processes and approaches enabled these secondary instrumental students to compose for a large ensemble? What are the characteristics of the completed compositions composed by these secondary instrumental students? What impact did this experience have on the student composers who participated in this activity? In order to answer these research questions, qualitative instrumental case studies were conducted with eight high school instrumentalists, who participated in 7 workshop processes for composers to compose notated composition for either band or orchestra over a 3-month period. Using both expository method and discovery method, I taught and witnessed the processes of these eight students as they explored and discovered their compositions for band or orchestra, which were performed at the final recital. The result revealed that given an appropriate environment and tools, high school instrumental musicians can compose successfully for a large ensemble such as orchestra or band. Although these students had limited background in music theory, they were able to discover ways to create their desired effect by exploring and navigating sounds using the notation software, their primary instrument, and secondary instruments such as a piano. The experience fostered their curiosity for other instruments in the ensemble and nurtured their desire to learn more about them. This research opportunity gave all students a positive musical experience.

This essay presents a conceptual analysis of my piece Unavoidably Sentimental for Large Ensemble. Specifically, the paper traces the roots of the musical thinking in the piece to a notion of Sincerity that emerges from David Foster Wallace’s books and essays. The term New Sincerity, coined by Adam Kelly, is deployed to consider what a post-postmodern Sincerity could sound like in contemporary music. The paper provides general background to the literary discourse around the concept of New Sincerity as an extension of Lionel Trilling’s formalization of Sincerity and Authenticity. It suggests some examples of how a renewed sense of Sincerity could incarnate in contemporary music. As a background for the analysis of Unavoidably Sentimental itself, the paper provides background to my prior engagement with concepts like irony and authenticity in music. Unavoidably Sentimental is analyzed as a linear process, in which the piece tries to emerge out of a net of self-aware referential musical objects into the creation of sonic states of unmediated human communication between the musicians and the audience. I present different musical strategies in which the piece confronts the limitations of human communication through music, contextualized with reference to the portrayal of communication in Wallace’s writings.

This paper empirically assesses determinants of countries' fiscal rules suggested by the political science, sociology, and economics literature. We find several of these variables to be related to the stringency of fiscal rules, providing indirect evidence for the relevance of governments' deficit bias. These determinants may also serve as instruments in models with (endogenous) fiscal rules as explanatory variable.

Musical culture is increasingly globalised and technology allows us to engage with an evermore diversified range of musical approaches, traditions and sound-worlds. How composers react to this diversity of musical approaches is an important theme in contemporary composition. My approach to composition within this globalised situation has been to focus on the notion of ‘integration' and creating structurally consistent score-based frameworks. I have composed a portfolio of work that reflects the central focus of ‘integration', concentrating on three inter-related research areas: 1. Exploring how one can integrate or frame improvisation and/or electronics into notated structural frameworks. 2. Exploring the use of technology to translate or integrate material generated through improvisation into notational practice. 3. Developing a coherent and individual technique and aesthetic that draws on structural influences from a range of musical idioms, but never resorts to cliché or pastiche. My exploration of integration in writing the compositions in this portfolio has been primarily technical. I am fundamentally interested in the ‘nuts and bolts' of composition, how musical materials can fit together and interact. Therefore although the character and substance of the different materials I engage with is important, my foremost preoccupations when composing are the formal and technical aspects such as: structure and proportion; pitch and rhythmic organisation; orchestration technique; the use of extended notations; and compositional processes such as abstraction, permutation and rotation. As I outline in my commentary the composition in this portfolio reflects my aesthetic position that working with an eclectic range of musical materials and diverse methods of expression such as improvisation and electronics is not an end-in-itself. By integrating diverse musical influences I am not trying to create a pluralist synthesis of different semantic paradigms, but aim to find my own innovative, coherent and consistent compositional approach.

Hops are one of the four main ingredients used to produce beer. Many studies have been done to analyze the science behind growing and harvesting hops, creating hop hybrids, and how to brew beer with hops. However, there has been little research done revolving around the economic demand and supply model of the hop market. The objectives of this study are to create an econometric model of supply and demand of hops in the United States from 1981 to 2012, and to identify important exogenous variables that explain the supply and demand of hops using the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method of analysis. Using the 2SLS method, the demand model yielded that the US beer production variable is significant at the 10 percent level. For every 1 percent change in US beer production, there will be a 6.25 percent change in quantity of hops demanded in the same direction. The supply model showed that US acreage is significant at the 1 percent level. For every 1 percent change in US acreage, there will be a 0.889 percent change in quantity of hops supplied in the same direction. The implications of this study are viewed in relation to both producers and consumers.