Musiek was geen vreemde verskynsel in die Ou Testament en antieke Nabye Ooste nie. Om die waarheid te sê was musiek en die instrumente wat gebruik was om musiek te maak, deel van elke volk binne die antieke Nabye Ooste en nou vervleg met hul kultuur en godsdiensverering. Verskeie vorme van musiek soos sang, dans, orkesmusiek en musikale instruksie was algemeen bekend asook `n hele aantal musiekinstrumente, waar onder snaar-, wind- en perkussie-instrumente tel. Van hierdie drie kategorieë waarin antieke musiekinstrumente ingedeel is, was sommige meer en ander minder populer. Die vraag ontstaan watter musiekinstrumente dan die mees populerste was en waarom? En het hierdie musiekinstrumente dieselfde prominensie in die Ou Testament gehad? Die bekendste volke van die antieke Nabye Ooste word bestudeer ten einde te verstaan watter rol musiek binne hul onderskeie kulture gespeel het, asook watter musiekinstrumente die meeste aandag geniet het. Op dieselfde wyse word gekyk na die Israeliete binne die konteks van die Ou Testament met spesifieke verwysing na musiek en musiekinstrumente binne die Psalmbundel. Argeologiese en ikonografiese voorstellings word gebruik om `n beter prentjie te skets van hoe musiekinstrumente gelyk het en hoe die antieke mens musiek gemaak het. Die frekwensie van voorkoms van musiekinstrumente binne die Ou Testament en Psalms word uitgewys ten einde die mees prominente instrumente te identifiseer. Uit bogenoemde word dit duidelik dat die ramshoring, harp en lier die belangrikste musiekinstrumente binne die konteks van die Ou Testament (en meeste volke van die antieke Nabye Ooste) was en dat die ramshoring die meeste in oorlog en aanbidding gebruik was. ENGLISH : Music was no strange phenomenon in the Old Testament and ancient Near East. To be honest music and the instruments used to make music formed part of every nation of the ancient Near East and were very much part of their culture and worship practices. Various forms of music, i.e. singing, dancing, orchestral music and musical instruction was generally known, as well as a whole lot of musical instruments, which included string-, wind- and percussion-instruments. Of these three categories in which ancient musical instruments were divided, some were more and others less popular. The question is then raised which of these musical instruments were the most popular ones and why? And did these instruments enjoy the same prominence in the Old Testament? The most well-known nations of the ancient Near East is studied in order to understand the roll which music played in each nation, as well as which musical instruments enjoyed the most attention. In the same manner the Israelites is studied in the context of the Old Testament with specific reference to the music and musical instruments in the Psalms. Archeological and iconographical representations are used to create a better picture of how musical instruments looked and how the ancient people made music. The frequency in which musical instruments are mentioned in the Old Testament and Psalms is shown in order to identify the most prominent instruments. From the above-mentioned it becomes clear that the ram’s horn, the harp and lyre were the most important musical instruments within the context of the Old Testament (and most nations of the ancient Near East) and that the ram’s horn were used the most in times of war and worship. / Dissertation (MA(Theol))--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Old Testament Studies / unrestricted

Mass spectrometry is a widely used technique for the performance of elemental analysis: not only does it provides excellent limits of detection for a large number of elements, but it is also able to provide information about the isotopic distribution of the analyte. The radio-frequency quadrupole ion trap is a relatively new design of mass spectrometer, which offers the ability to confine charged particles for extended periods of time in a well defined volume by applying a radio-frequency oscillating voltage to an arrangement of three electrodes. A mass analysis of the trapped ions can be obtained by selectively extracting the ions from the cavity of the trap, where they can be detected by an electron multiplier. Despite its unique capabilities, to date the applications of the ion trap mass spectrometer have mostly been restricted to gas chromatography detection. Until recently, there have been very few attempts to use it for any other types of routine analysis. Our interest lies in the development of an instrument capable of performing a complete mass spectrometric elemental analysis of small volume liquid samples (a few (μL) at trace or ultra-trace concentration levels. The ability of the ion trap to accumulate ions in its cavity and to provide an entire mass spectrum of these ions in a single scan of the radio-frequency oscillating voltage applied between the electrodes, makes it a very interesting candidate for the ultra-trace analysis of small size samples. However, to perform an analysis on a sample with the ion trap the sample must first be vaporized; and if an elemental analysis is required, the sample will also have to be atomized. The graphite furnace atomizer used in atomic absorption spectroscopy offers a number of advantages which make it potentially useful for this purpose: it has a high transport efficiency of the analyte from liquid or solid state to the vapour phase, the ionization of the analyte in the furnace is very low (as required by the ion trap) and it handles small volume samples very well. A graphite furnace ion trap mass spectrometer was designed to fulfil the need of having instrumentation capable of multielemental mass spectrometric analysis of small volume samples containing traces of the analytes of interest. This document contains a description of the principles of operation of the ion trap as well as a detailed description of the instrument actually built. Data are presented in order to assess the capabilities of the instrument, as well as some of the problems encountered with it. The results obtained with the graphite furnace ion trap mass spectrometer allow us to conclude that the proposed design is not appropriate for the performance of elemental analysis, but is appropriate for mass spectrometric study of low boiling point compounds which can interfere with atomic absorption analysis: it is calculated that these compounds could be analysed at the ppm level. Promising results obtained with a set up in which the analyte is vaporized directly into the cavity of the ion trap through laser ablation are also presented. These limited results show the potential of this methodology for direct elemental analysis of solid samples. / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

An instrument is described which is capable of measuring the action spectrum of the removal of CO inhibition of respiration by light. In the method employed here, a cell suspension in a CO-O₂ atmosphere is alternately exposed to two wavelengths of light. Their photochemical effects are balanced using an 0₂ electrode as the null detector. The light intensities at the balance points from a series of wavelength pairs are used to determine the ratios of the extinction coefficients of the CO - oxidase complex, at the various wavelengths, to the extinction coefficient at a standard wavelength. An action spectrum for Bakers yeast is shown. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

This thesis embraces the system of state support of export in Czech republic. Basic financial and non-financial instruments of state support of export in Czech republic are introduced in particular chapters which also contains a description of institutions dealing with above mentioned instruments.

This thesis describes the design and testing of a floppy disk drive based digital recorder. The device was originally built for a geomagnetic research project, but is also suitable for other phenomena with time scales from fractions of a second to approximately one day. The system is designed specifically to improve the reliability for long-term observing programs and to enhance the efficency of the subsequent data analysis procedures. Using an STD-Z80 BUS microcomputer, under the control of a Forth language program, the recorder stores digital data on removable 8-inch floppy disks. This thesis explicitly addresses the issue of cost and provides the necessary detail for reproduction of the device. A procedure is described for preparing the acquired data for analysis using computing facilities equiped with an appropriate disk reader. Also presented is a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the recorder's performance when applied to both synthetic and natural signals. The latter include geomagnetically induced currents in power transmission lines. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the idea of using a superheated superconducting colloid (SSC) as a detector for neutrinos and dark matter candidates. The primary objective of this work has been to investigate the basic properties of an SSC, consisting of 7 μm radius tin grains imbedded in epoxy, using a pumped ⁴He cryostat with a low vibrational noise RF-SＱUID readout system. The superheating-supercooling hysteresis curves of the colloid have been measured in applied magnetic fields ranging from 3.1 x 10⁻⁴T to 1.4 x 10⁻²T. The superconducting to normal phase transition in individual grains inside the colloid has been observed and the measured signal size is in reasonable agreement with the calculated values. Finally, it was demonstrated that the colloid could withstand up to 20Mrad of [omitted]-radiation without incurring a significant change in its superconducting-normal phase transition. A new type of sample, consisting of a planar array of 1 μm thick metal squares deposited on a mylar substrate, was developed. Both indium and tin were used as a. fabrication material. The characteristics of such samples were investigated, again using the pumped ⁴He cryostat. The full Meissner effect was only observed for applied magnetic fields less than 5 x 10⁻⁵T. For higher applied fields, the samples behaved like type-[omitted] superconductors in the mixed state regime, exhibiting flux penetration and trapping. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

The properties of muonium(μ⁺e⁻) and positronium(e⁺e⁻) are altered significantly in the presence of matter. The study of these exotic H-like atoms provides a unique perspective on atomic interactions with atoms, surfaces, and solids. This theme is explored in a variety of hosts. The cross section for spin 1 positronium to be converted to spin 0 positronium during collisions with O₂ molecules has been measured from 120 °K to 630 °K in an SiO₂ powder moderator using a positron lifetime technique. The results indicate that positronium does not thermalize in the powder below 450 °K. The spin conversion cross section increases slightly with temperature above 450 °K. A theory for spin conversion of positronium by a spin 1 molecule is developed and used to interpret the data. Muon Spin Rotation measurements, in SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and MgO powders at low temperature in an atmosphere of He indicate that muonium emerges from the surfaces regardless of the ambient temperature of the powder. The muonium spin relaxation rate in Al203 in a He(or Ne) atmosphere is found to be a linear function of the fraction of surface area not covered by adsorbed He(or Ne). The cross sections for muonium to scatter elastically off adsorbed He and Ne atoms have been measured to be 11.0±0.2 Ų and 8.9±0.2 Ų, respectively. The first observations of muonium in the condensed phases of Ar, Kr, and Xe are presented. The data indicate that there is a high probability of muonium formation in all cases. The spin relaxation rate of muonium in solid Xe is ten times that in the liquid, where the random local fields from the nuclear moments of ¹³⁹Xe and ¹⁴¹e are averaged by additional translational motion. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

Ghana has ratified international instruments that promote respect for and enjoyment of rights of all persons including women. This includes the right of men and women of full age to marry and found a family and its subsequent entitlement to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.1 Article 23 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)2 goes further as to place a responsibility on states to take appropriate steps to ensure equality of rights and responsibilities of spouses as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. Article 16(c) and (h) of the Convention of the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)3 also reiterates this and sets out in clear terms that states must ensure the same rights for both spouses in respect of the ownership, acquisition, management, administration, enjoyment and disposition of property, whether free of charge or for a valuable consideration. At the regional level, Article 7(d) of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (the Women’s Protocol)4 also provides that in case of separation or divorce, women and men shall have the right to an equitable sharing of the joint property deriving from the marriage. Relating the above provisions to women, it is evident that in addition to the right to marry, women have a right to own property during marriage, and a right to access and ownership of such property on separation or divorce and state parties are bound to ensure the protection of this right. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mrs. Seojore Biltoo of the Faculty of Law & Management, University of Mautitius, Mautitius. 2010. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

This study is for the purpose of identifying the flow of internal downward communication and its effectiveness in a particular large industry, Texas Instruments Incorporated. Specifically, the following questions are examined in this study: (1) Has information which has been sent down by top management been spread to all levels, and is it being understood? (2) Are employees at all levels receiving the information they desire and sometimes need for their work? (3) For different types of subject matter, what channels are being used to transmit messages down the system, and are they effective mediums?

The problem involved in this project is the composition of a series of selections for string ensemble. The series is comprised of five sections, each to parallel general achievement of the string students at the end of each year for five years. The degree of advancement one year over another is based not upon the slow student, nor the student who learns extremely fast. Nor is it graded to meet achievement of students who have been afforded a large amount of private instruction over the five years. Rather, it is based upon the growth and development, as observed by the writer, in a group of students of the Ogden City Schools. The writer believes that this would be typical of youngsters in other systems. Also, it is generally agreed upon by string music educators that a group of violins will reach a higher degree of proficiency over a given period of time than will the lower strings, viz., cellos and string basses. This fact has been kept in mind in the writing of these ensembles.