• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Analysis of traveling wave propagation in one-dimensional integrate-and-fire neural networks

Zhang, Jie 15 December 2016 (has links)
One-dimensional neural networks comprised of large numbers of Integrate-and-Fire neurons have been widely used to model electrical activity propagation in neural slices. Despite these efforts, the vast majority of these computational models have no analytical solutions. Consequently, my Ph.D. research focuses on a specific class of homogeneous Integrate-and-Fire neural network, for which analytical solutions of network dynamics can be derived. One crucial analytical finding is that the traveling wave acceleration quadratically depends on the instantaneous speed of the activity propagation, which means that two speed solutions exist in the activities of wave propagation: one is fast-stable and the other is slow-unstable. Furthermore, via this property, we analytically compute temporal-spatial spiking dynamics to help gain insights into the stability mechanisms of traveling wave propagation. Indeed, the analytical solutions are in perfect agreement with the numerical solutions. This analytical method also can be applied to determine the effects induced by a non-conductive gap of brain tissue and extended to more general synaptic connectivity functions, by converting the evolution equations for network dynamics into a low-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations. Building upon these results, we investigate how periodic inhomogeneities affect the dynamics of activity propagation. In particular, two types of periodic inhomogeneities are studied: alternating regions of additional fixed excitation and inhibition, and cosine form inhomogeneity. Of special interest are the conditions leading to propagation failure. With similar analytical procedures, explicit expressions for critical speeds of activity propagation are obtained under the influence of additional inhibition and excitation. However, an explicit formula for speed modulations is difficult to determine in the case of cosine form inhomogeneity. Instead of exact solutions from the system of equations, a series of speed approximations are constructed, rendering a higher accuracy with a higher order approximation of speed.
2

Detecting Single-Cell Stimulation in Recurrent Networks of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons

Bernardi, Davide 22 October 2019 (has links)
Diese Arbeit ist ein erster Versuch, mit Modellbildung und mathematischer Analyse die Experimente zu verstehen, die zeigten, dass die Stimulation eines einzelnen Neurons im Cortex eine Verhaltensreaktion auslösen kann. Dieser Befund stellt die verbreitete Ansicht infrage, dass viele Neurone nötig sind, um Information zuverlässig kodieren zu können. Der Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist die Stimulation einer zufällig ausgewählten Zelle in einem Zufallsnetzwerk exzitatorischer und inhibitorischer Neuronmodelle. Es wird dann nach einem plausiblen Ausleseverfahren gesucht, das die Einzelzellstimulation mit einer mit den Experimenten vergleichbaren Zuverlässigkeit detektieren kann. Das erste Ausleseschema reagiert auf Abweichungen vom spontanen Zustand in der Aktivität einer Auslesepopulation. Die Stimulation wird detektiert, wenn bei der Auswahl der Auslesepopulation denjenigen Neuronen ein Vorzug gegeben wird, die eine direkte Verbindung von der stimulierten Zelle bekommen. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird das Ausleseschema erweitert, indem ein zweites Netzwerk als Ausleseschaltkreis dient. Interessanterweise erweist sich dieses Ausleseschema nicht nur als plausibler, sondern auch als effektiver. Diese Resultate basieren sowohl auf Simulationen als auch auf analytischen Rechnungen. Weitere Experimente zeigten, dass eine konstante Strominjektion einen Effekt auslöst, der kaum von Dauer und Intensität der Stimulation abhängt, der aber bei unregelmäßiger Stimulation zunimmt. Der letzte Teil der Arbeit befasst sich mit einer theoretischen Erklärung für diese Ergebnisse. Hierzu werden die biologischen Eigenschaften des Systems im Modell detaillierter beschrieben. Weiterhin wird die Funktionsweise des Ausleseschemas so modifiziert, dass es auf Veränderungen reagiert, anstatt den Input zu integrieren. Dieser Differenzierdetektor liefert Ergebnisse, die mit den Experimenten übereinstimmen, und könnte bei nichtstationärem Input vorteilhaft sein. / This thesis is a first attempt at developing a theoretical model of the experiments which show that the stimulation of a single cell in the cortex can trigger a behavioral reaction and that challenge the common belief that many neurons are needed to reliably encode information. As a starting point of the present work, one neuron selected at random within a random network of excitatory and inhibitory integrate-and-fire neurons is stimulated. One important goal of this thesis is to seek a readout scheme that can detect the single-cell stimulation in a plausible way with a reliability compatible with the experiments. The first readout scheme reacts to deviations from the spontaneous state in the activity of a readout population. When the choice of readout neurons is sufficiently biased towards those receiving direct links from the stimulated cell, the stimulation can be detected. In the second part of the thesis, the readout scheme is extended by employing a second network as a readout circuit. Interestingly, this new readout scheme is not only more plausible, but also more effective. These results are based both on numerical simulations of the network and on analytical approximations. Further experiments showed that the probability of the behavioral reaction is substantially independent of the length and intensity of the stimulation, but it increases when an irregular current is used. The last part of this thesis seeks a theoretical explanation for these findings. To this end, a recurrent network including more biological details of the system is considered. Furthermore, the functioning principle of the readout is modified to react to changes in the activity of the local network (a differentiator readout), instead of integrating the input. This differentiator readout yields results in accordance with the experiments and could be advantageous in the presence of nonstationarities.

Page generated in 0.0987 seconds