Bactrocera tryoni, the Queensland fruit fly, is established along the entire Australian east coast. It is a major pest of horticulture and arguably the worst horticultural insect pest in Australia. Adult flies lay eggs into fruit and resultant larvae feed on the flesh of the fruit. The population biology of B. tryoni has been well studied in temperate regions, where it has been established that climatic factors, particularly temperature and rainfall, limit population growth. In contrast, in subtropical and tropical regions, the population dynamics of the fly have been little studied. This thesis investigates the fly's phenology and abundance changes across subtropical and tropical Queensland and asks what factors govern the population cycles of B. tryoni in this state. Winter breeding and abundance of the fly, a component of the seasonal cycle which in south-east Queensland is fundamentally different from that observed in temperate Australia, is also investigated. A historical, extensive multi-year and multi-site trapping data set with from across Queensland was analysed to look at the effects of temperature, rainfall and relative humidity on B. tryoni trap catch. Trap data was further compared with the predicted phenology data generated by a DYMEX® based B. tryoni population phenology model. The phenology model used was based on a previously published model, but was also modified to more explicitly look at the effects of host plant availability and the presence or absence of non-reproductive over-wintering flies. Over-wintering field cage studies and a winter-spring field trapping study, both carried out in Brisbane, supplied additional data on B. tryoni's population abundance and capacity to breed during winter in the subtropics. Results show significant variation of monthly fly abundance for nine sites across Queensland. Abundance changed across sites in non-predictable ways. Annual population phenology within a site was, for some sites, highly consistent from year to year, but inconsistent for other sites. All sites in the subtropics showed some form of population depression during the cooler months, but breeding was continuous, albeit reduced at nearly all sites. Some tropical sites, where the climate is regarded as highly favourable for B. tryoni, still showed dramatic peaks and troughs in annual population abundance. There were relatively few significant correlations observed between weather factors and fly populations for any site. Output from the DYMEX population model suggested that fruit availability is a major driver of population dynamics in the tropical north of the state, while weather is more important in the subtropical south. The population dynamics of B. tryoni at sites along the central Queensland coast, where it is assumed that a mix of both weather and host fruit availability drive local populations, were poorly captured by the population model. Field cage results showed that B. tryoni successfully bred during winter in Brisbane, with pupal emergence starting in mid-winter (1st week of August), peaking in early spring (2nd week of September). Trap catch at orchards in Brisbane increased with increasing temperature and fruit availability, but diminished with decreasing temperature and fruit availability. The results suggest that B. tryoni has an optimal climate for population growth in the tropics, but fruit availability for offspring production limits population growth. In the subtropics however, both climate and fruit availability determine the population size. Winter temperatures are marginal for B. tryoni population growth in the subtropics.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Digenetic trematodes are a common pest problem in aquaculture where their unappetizing appearance often reduces the marketability of food fish. Aquatic snails are intermediate hosts in the trematode lifecycle and are commonly targeted with control measures to prevent the crop fish from becoming infected. I evaluated several chemical and biological snail control strategies as alternatives to the potentially invasive black carp. Copper sulfate, hydrated lime slurry, and several fish and decapod species were tested for effectiveness against physid (Physa spp.) and planorbid (Helisoma spp.) snails in laboratory aquaria trials. Hydrated lime demonstrated effectiveness with the least potential to be toxic to cultured fish in regional application. Hybrid sunfish (redear × green sunfish) consumed large quantities of both snails in ad libitum feedings. The most effective biological (redear × green sunfish) and chemical (hydrated lime) control methods identified in the laboratory were evaluated further in research ponds. Hydrated lime applications of 9.07 kg over 9.14 m2 were found to be effective against Helisoma spp. confined to enclosures along the pond shoreline; average survival was 2%. When stocked in aquaculture ponds, hybrid redear sunfish did not significantly influence snail capture rates; however ponds stocked with redear sunfish experienced a gradual decrease in snail populations throughout the 2008 growing season. Hydrated lime and a combination of redear sunfish and hybrid redear sunfish were evaluated separately and in tandem as a combined chemical/biological treatment in the 2009 growing season. Evaluation occurred under mock production conditions in which hybrid striped bass were raised in the research ponds to determine snail treatment effects on trematode abundance. Ponds stocked with sunfish at 494 fish/ha had snail densities significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower than control ponds after two months. Ponds treated with hydrated lime at 31.7 kg/31.5 m of shoreline in a 1 m swath experienced 99% estimated reductions in snail densities following application, but snail populations rebounded to previous levels within two months. The mean snail density in ponds treated with both hydrated lime and sunfish was significantly lower than control one month post treatment; this mean rebounded slightly by the conclusion of the trial, but not as much as in the chemical treatment group. Hybrid striped bass examined thoroughly for trematodes revealed a positive relationship between trematode abundance in fish and increasing Helisoma densities. This relationship was most apparent when estimates of snail density from only the beginning of the trial were used. Based on these results, it appears that a nearly complete reduction of Helisoma, particularly at the time of stocking fingerlings, is necessary to avoid a high abundance of trematodes in cultured fish. To this end, an early-season application of molluscicides followed closely by stocking of predator sunfish has potential to achieve a uniformly low density of snails throughout the growing season.

Data de aprova??o ausente. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-12-19T14:23:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) thatiane_aparecida_evangelista.pdf: 8873850 bytes, checksum: 463ebcb9203efdde8e7dcd55c92e226a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-12-19T16:52:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) thatiane_aparecida_evangelista.pdf: 8873850 bytes, checksum: 463ebcb9203efdde8e7dcd55c92e226a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T16:52:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) thatiane_aparecida_evangelista.pdf: 8873850 bytes, checksum: 463ebcb9203efdde8e7dcd55c92e226a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Thaumastocoris peregrinus foi detectado no Brasil em 2008 e se disseminou pelos plantios florestais brasileiros de tal forma que, rapidamente, atingiu o n?vel de dano econ?mico e causou muitos preju?zos aos produtores. Por n?o haver nenhum m?todo de controle definido, utilizaram-se de pulveriza??es com inseticidas qu?micos para o controle desse inseto. No entanto, devido ao processo de certifica??o florestal, esse m?todo de controle foi rapidamente proibido. Assim, o controle biol?gico tem sido apontado como o mais adequado ao controle at? que se consiga gen?tipos resistentes. O uso de fungos entomopatog?nicos ? apontado como uma das melhores maneiras de controle do percevejo bronzeado devido o seu baixo impacto ambiental, dentre outras vantagens. Logo, objetivou-se selecionar isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria farinosa e Beauveria bassiana com potencial para o controle dessa praga. Em condi??es controladas testaram-se diferentes concentra??es (controle, 104, 106 e 108 esporos por ml) em indiv?duos adultos de T. peregrinus, em cinco repeti??es. Os indiv?duos foram mantidos em placas de Petri sobre partes de folhas (4 cm de di?metro) previamente inoculadas com a suspens?o de esporos. Os tratamentos foram avaliados diariamente quanto a mortalidade e os dados submetidos ? an?lise estat?stica. Considerou-se patog?nico o isolado cujo percentual de mortalidade sobre T. peregrinus foi igual ou superior a 80%. Na maior concentra??o todos os isolados de B. bassiana registraram mortalidade superior a 85%. No entanto, pelos testes de m?dia, alguns isolados se destacaram, tais como IBCB63 de Beauveria bassiana, IBCB159 de Metarhizium anisopliae, IBCB130 de Isaria fumosorosea e CG195 de Isaria farinosa. Assim constatou-se que, em laborat?rio, ? poss?vel o controle eficaz dessa praga por meio do uso de fungos entomopatog?nicos e que existem diferentes isolados, dentre as esp?cies testadas, com potencial de uso. Essa diversidade de isolados aptos ao controle ? importante devido ao processo de sele??o natural que leva ao aparecimento de insetos resistentes. Em um futuro uso, esses isolados poder?o ser intercalados e inibir ou retardar a ocorr?ncia desses indiv?duos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / Thaumastocoris peregrinus was detected in Brazil in 2008 and spread by Brazilian forest plantations such a way that quickly reached the level of economic damage and caused many losses to producers. Because there is no defined control method, pulverizations with chemical insecticides were used to control this insect. However, due to the forest certification process, this method of control was quickly banned. Thus, biological control has been touted as the most suitable control method, until the identification of resistant genotypes. The use of entomopathogenic fungi is considered one of the best ways to control the bronze bug due to its low environmental impact, among other advantages. Therefore, this study aimed to select isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria farinosa and Beauveria bassiana with potential to control this pest. Under controlled conditions, different concentrations were tested (control, 104, 106 and 108 spores per ml) in adults of T. peregrinus in five replicates. The individuals were kept on Petri dishes over parts of leaves (diameter 4 cm) that were previously inoculated with the spore suspension. The treatments were evaluated daily for mortality and the data analyzed statistically. The isolate whose mortality percentage of T. peregrinus was equal or higher than 80% was considered pathogenic. At higher concentration, all the isolates of B. bassiana reported mortalities greater than 85%. However, the mean tests demonstrated that some isolates stood out, such as IBCB63 of Beauveria bassiana, IBCB159 of Metarhizium anisopliae, IBCB130 of Isaria fumosorosea and CG195 of Isaria farinosa. It was found that in laboratorial conditions, it is possible to control effectively this pest through the use of entomopathogenic fungi, and that there are different isolates with potential use among the species tested. This diversity of isolates able to the control it is important because of the natural selection process that leads to the onset of resistant insects. In a further use, these isolates can be interleaved and inhibit or delay the occurrence of these individuals.

Submitted by CAMILA MOREIRA DE SOUZA null (souza_767@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-18T19:46:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Camila VERSÃO FINAL!!.pdf: 1089941 bytes, checksum: 0056d988ce48567a07396904b6b56cf3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-25T17:26:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 moreiradesouza_c_me_bot.pdf: 1089941 bytes, checksum: 0056d988ce48567a07396904b6b56cf3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T17:26:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moreiradesouza_c_me_bot.pdf: 1089941 bytes, checksum: 0056d988ce48567a07396904b6b56cf3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) destaca-se pela grande capacidade de dispersão, hábito polífago e por ocasionar expressivos danos em culturas de interesse econômico em todo o mundo. Dentre os métodos de manejo de insetos-praga, o uso de derivados vegetais é considerado uma promissora alternativa ao controle químico, uma vez que estes produtos apresentam mais de um ingrediente ativo em sua composição, dificultando a seleção de insetos resistentes, além de serem provenientes de recursos renováveis. Dentre as famílias botânicas de ocorrência em regiões neotropicais, Annonaceae constitui uma das principais fontes de compostos naturais bioativos. Assim, visando disponibilizar alternativas mais sustentáveis e ao mesmo tempo eficientes para o manejo de Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), avaliou-se a bioatividade de cinco derivados de anonáceas (Annona montana Macfad., A. mucosa Jacq., A. muricata L., A. reticulata L. e A. sylvatica A. St.-Hil.) e do produto comercial à base de acetogeninas de anonáceas (Anosom® 1 EC) sobre lagartas do inseto. Adicionalmente, o composto majoritário do extrato mais ativo foi identificado e também avaliado quanto à sua bioatividade sobre formas neonatas de H. armigera. Constatou-se que o extrato de A. mucosa (CL50: 411,55 mg kg-1 e CL90: 1.479 mg kg-1 ) assim como o Anosom® 1 EC (CL50: 312,08 mg kg-1 e CL90: 1.151 mg kg-1 ) apresentaram significativa atividade inseticida sobre H. armigera, com toxicidade aguda após sete dias de exposição a dieta artificial tratada. A partir do extrato etanólico de A. mucosa realizou-se fracionamento biomonitorado através de diferentes técnicas cromatográficas, permitindo o isolamento da acetogenina bisterahidrofurano roliniastatina-1. Este composto foi testado a uma concentração de 41,55 mg kg-1 , ocasionando mortalidade total das larvas de H. armigera após o quarto dia de incorporação à dieta. Na sequência, em casa de vegetação, avaliou-se a toxicidade comparada do extrato etanólico de A. mucosa, do Anosom® 1 EC (ambos na CL90 estimada) e do inseticida de origem sintética (Belt® 48 SC) sobre larvas neonatas do inseto em plantas de tomateiro. Neste ensaio, todos os tratamentos causaram significativa mortalidade larval (> 90%) do inseto. Por fim, avaliou-se o efeito do extrato etanólico de sementes de Annona mucosa L. e do inseticida comercial botânico Anosom® 1 EC na CL50 (411,55 e 312,08 mg kg-1 , respectivamente) sobre o comportamento alimentar e alguns parâmetros biológicos de H. armigera em dieta artificial. Constatou-se alteração no comportamento alimentar de lagartas de quarto ínstar de H. armigera expostas a dieta artificial contendo Anosom® 1 EC e extrato etanólico de A. mucosa, com significativa redução no consumo após 48 horas de exposição. Ambos os tratamentos prolongaram a fase larval (acréscimo de seis dias em dieta tratada com Anosom® 1 EC e sete dias em dieta tratada com extrato etanólico de A. mucosa). Também foi vericado reduções na viabilidade larval (25,00 % para o Anosom® 1 EC e 23,00 % para A. mucosa) e pupal (34,44 % para Anosom® 1 EC e 24,99 % para A. mucosa) assim como no peso médio de pupas (redução de aproximadamente 69,31 % para o Anosom® 1 EC e 70,80 % para A. mucosa). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo são inéditos e indicam que o extrato etanólico de A. mucosa apresenta bom potencial no controle alternativo de H. armigera, podendo ser inserido como estratégia eficiente em programas de manejo integrado do inseto, principalmente em cultivos orgânicos ou protegidos. / Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly polyphagous species with high dispersion ability and adaptability to different crops of economic interest worldwide. Botanical insecticides emerge as a viable alternative to the use of synthetic insecticides for pest management because they have more of a potentially active ingredient in their composition, delaying the selection of resistant insect, moreover come from renewable resources. Among tropical plant families, the Annonaceae has shown great potential as a source of biopesticides. To determine an alternative tool for H. armigera control, this study evaluated the insecticidal activity of ethanolic seed extracts from five species of Annonaceae (Annona montana Macfad., A. mucosa Jacq., A. muricata L., A. reticulata L. e A. sylvatica A. St.-Hil.) and the acetogenin-based commercial bioinsecticide Anosom® 1 EC on larvae of H. armigera larvae. In addition, the major active compound of the ethanolic extract was isolated using various chromatographic techniques and assessed for its bioactivity on H. armigera neonates. In the initial screening assay we verified that the ethanolic seed extract from A. mucosa (LC50 = 411.55 mg kg-1 and LC90 = 1,479 mg kg-1 ) was the most promising one, showing similar effectiveness to Anosom® 1 EC (LC50 = 312.08 mg kg-1 and LC90 = 1,151 mg kg-1 ) against H. armigera at seven days after exposition to treated diet. The acetogenin bis-tetrahydrofuran rolliniastatin-1 was identified as the major compound in ethanolic extract from A. mucosa. This compound was assessed at 41.55 mg kg- 1 , causing 100 % of larval mortality on H. armigera neonates for days after exposition to treated diet. After, in a greenhouse trial using tomato plants, the bioactivity of ethanolic extract of A. mucosa was compared to botanical insecticide Anosom® 1 EC (both at LC90) and a synthetic insecticide (Belt® 48 SC) on neonate larvae of H. armigera. In this test, all treatments led to significant larval mortality (> 90 %). In the last step, the bioactivity of the extract from A. mucosa and Anosom® 1 EC at LC50 (411.55 and 312.08 mg kg-1 , respectively) were evaluated against H. armigera for feeding behavior and growth inhibitory effects, using dietary exposure bioassays. The feeding behavior effect was evaluated for 4- ínstar H. armigera larvae after exposure to Anosom® 1 EC and A. mucosa-treated diets, with significate consume reduction after a 48-hour exposition. Both treatments prolonged the larval phase duration (six days for Anosom® 1 EC -treated diet and seven days for A. mucosatreated diet). The larval (25.00% for Anosom® 1 EC and 23.00% for A. mucosa) and pupal (34.44% for Anosom® 1 EC and 24.99% for A. mucosa) viabilities decreased significantly, as well as the pupal weight (69.31% for Anosom® 1 EC and 70.80% for A. mucosa). The results obtained in this study are novel and demonstrate that the ethanolic extract from A. mucosa has great potential as alternative control method against H. armigera. This tool can be added as an effective strategy in integrated management programs of this pest, especially in organic or protected crops.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:52:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 duarte_rt_me_jabo.pdf: 1683490 bytes, checksum: 307073aab9bcdd48ce4ad5af2047b0f1 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente pesquisa objetivou: a) Verificar e registrar a entomofauna associada à parte aérea em pomar comercial de goiaba submetido ao tratamento convencional de pragas e em pomar comercial conduzido de forma orgânica; b) Analisar as flutuações populacionais de pragas e inimigos naturais e as correlações com fatores meteorológicos em ambos os pomares; c) Avaliar a qualidade de frutos relacionados ao ataque de pragas em ambas as formas de condução do pomar; d) Analisar os índices faunísticos dos principais agentes de controle biológico das duas áreas pesquisadas. O monitoramento das pragas e inimigos naturais ocorreu no período de março de 2010 a março de 2011. Foram instaladas 5 armadilhas adesivas amarelas (25 cm x 10 cm), no interior de plantas, mantidas no campo por 15 dias e imediatamente substituídas por novas, sem interrupção. Para obtenção das correlações estatísticas entre a densidade populacional dos insetos e os fatores meteorológicos foi utilizada a análise de correlação linear simples. A análise de danos em folhas atacadas por Triozoida limbata e Costalimaita ferruginea foi aferida através da amostragem de 2 folhas por quadrante da planta, retiradas dos dois últimos pares terminais, em 15 plantas aleatoriamente. A avaliação qualitativa de frutos foi realizada através da coleta de 10 frutos por planta em 10 plantas para cada forma de condução de tratamento fitossanitário, sendo avaliados externamente através da mensuração do diâmetro médio e contagem do número de perfurações feitas por percevejos, e internamente através do número de larvas de moscas-das-frutas e de Conotrachelus psidii. O resultado dos índices faunísticos foi obtido pelo software Anafau, através do número de inimigos naturais capturados durante as amostragens. Com base nos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que... / This research aimed to: a) Verify and record the associated entomofauna to shoot in a commercial orchard of guava submitted to conventional treatment of pests and conducted in a commercial orchard organically b) Analyze the population fluctuations of pests and natural enemies and the correlations with meteorological factors in both orchards c) Evaluate the quality of fruit related to the attack of pests in both forms of conduct the orchard; d) Analyze the faunal contents of the main biological control agents of the two areas studied. Monitoring of pests and natural enemies occurred from March 2010 to March 2011. Were installed five yellow sticky traps (25 cm x 10 cm), inside plants, kept in the field for 15 days and immediately replaced by new ones, without interruption. To obtain the statistical correlations between population density of insects and meteorological factors was used to the simple linear correlation analysis. The analysis of leaf damage caused by Triozoida limbata and Costalimaita ferruginea was measured by sampling two leaves by quadrant of the plant, taken from the last two pairs of terminals on 15 plants randomly. The qualitative evaluation of fruits was made by collecting 10 fruits per plant in 10 plants for each form of conducting treatment plant, being externally evaluated by measuring the mean diameter and counting the number of holes made by bedbugs, and internally through the larvae of fruit flies and Conotrachelus psidii. The result of faunal index was obtained by the software Anafau by the number of natural enemies captured during sampling. Based on the results we can conclude that: a) The peak population of T. limbata occurred in April, June, August, September, October, November and December, with the main pest of conventional guava orchard; b) The density of psyllids guava remained low... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:05:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 macedo_maa_dr_botfca.pdf: 1148372 bytes, checksum: 9b6be36e41f3f7e9a3ddc6047c6ba682 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar diferentes estratégias de controle de insetospragas nas culturas do tomateiro e do pimentão, procurando associar amostragens, níveis de controle, resistência de plantas a insetos, controle químico, produtos naturais, irradiação e controle cultural. Foram amostrados o número de B. tabaci, F. schultzei, M. persicae, a porcentagem de plantas com virose, a produção de frutos e a porcentagem do custo dos produtos aplicados em relação a produção. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste de Fisher, e quando significativo às médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Pelos resultados obtidos conclui-se que: a) cultura do tomateiro: os cultivares menos infestados por T. absoluta foram AP 529 e AP 533 na fase de frutificação; a estratégia convencional foi a mais eficiente no controle dos insetos vetores, porcentagem de plantas com virose e da traça, e, promoveu maior produção de frutos; as estratégias MIP, doses de 75,100 e 125 Gy + MIP-nim a 0,5% e MIP-nim a 0,5% e MIP-nim a 0,5% com barreiras de plantas de milho, foram promissores no controle de insetos vetores e traças na fase vegetativa, quando em baixa pressão de populações da traça; o número de pulverizações quando é adotado o MIP é menor que no convencional, b) cultura do pimentão: os cultivares menos infestados por mosca branca, tripes, pulgões e vetores totais foram Priscila e AF 3159, porém não muitos produtivos; os cultivares mais infestados por insetos vetores foram Magali R e Laser, sendo os mais produtivos; a estratégia convencional foi mais eficiente no controle dos insetos vetores, promovendo maior produção de frutos e menor porcentagem de custo dos produtos aplicados; as estratégias óleo... / This work was conducted to evaluate insect-pest control strategies in tomato and green pepper. Sampling, action thresholds, genetic resistance, chemical control, natural insecticides, irradiation and cultural control were studied. The number of B. tabaci, F. schultzei and M. persicae were sampled, and the rate of virus-infected plants, pepper yield and the costs of the products in relation to the production were determined. Data were subjected to an ANOVA through Fisher s test, and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. Our results showed that: a) In tomato: the cultivars AP 529 and AP 533 were less infested by T. absoluta in the first and second experiments, respectively, during the fruiting stage; the conventional strategy was the most efficient in controlling insect vectors, virus infection and the leafminer, and allowed higher fruit yield. The strategies IPM, radiation of 75, 100 and 125 Gy + IPM - 0.5% Neem, IPM with 0.5% Neem and IPM with 0.5% Neem combined with maize barrier, were promising in controlling insect vectors and leafminers at the vegetative stage, when there is low leafminer population pressure; the number of sprayings in IPM is lower than in conventional control, b) In the pepper experiment, the cultivars Priscila and AF 3159 were the least infested by white flies, thrips, aphids and total vectors, but did not show high pepper yield. The most infested cultivars were Magali R and Laser, which were also the most pruductive. The conventional strategy was the most efficient in controlling insect vectors, allowing the highest yields and the lowest relative control costs. The control with 0.5 and 0.75% Neem oil, radiation of 75, 100 and 125 Gy combined with 0.5% Neem oil and 0.5 and 1.0% Neem oil, were promising to control insect vectors, because they allowed high pepper yield. A linear, negative correlation between the rate... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:05:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 celoto_fj_dr_ilha.pdf: 960631 bytes, checksum: 5b6f25a5fd94acb59a226624a376c078 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A cultura dos citros é uma das principais atividades do agronegócio brasileiro, gerando divisas na ordem de US$ 2,3 bilhões com geração de aproximadamente 400 mil empregos diretos. Nas últimas décadas a citricultura brasileira apresentou um cenário evolutivo ascendente quanto à ocupação territorial e produtividade, posicionando-se como a maior citricultura do mundo. Entretanto os desafios fitossanitários são enormes e a introdução de novas pragas e doenças é freqüente em citros. Dentre os problemas fitossanitários, a leprosedos- citros, transmitida pelo ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) é ainda uma das mais sérias, considerando o custo de controle que pode atingir 24% do custo total e pode ocasionar perdas de 35 a 70% na produção. A leprose é uma das poucas doenças virais cujo controle é feito com sucesso pelo do controle químico do vetor. Para que o controle químico seja menos impactante e a necessidade do uso de acaricidas reduzida, a seletividade dos defensivos agrícolas aos inimigos naturais das pragas é de grande importância. Neste contexto um novo acaricida foi introduzido para uso no manejo do ácaroda- leprose dos citros. Trata-se de uma nova molécula de nome comum etoxazol, pertencente a um novo grupo químico (Difenil oxazolina). Seu mecanismo de ação ocorre através da inibição do processo normal da ecdise, atividade ovicida e efeito esterilizante sobre fêmeas adultas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade do acaricida etoxazol isoladamente e em mistura com o acaricida adulticida propargito, no controle do ácaro-da-leprose, B. phoenicis e sua seletividade aos artrópodes benéficos na cultura do citros em condições de campo e laboratório. Para tanto foram conduzidos os seguintes estudos: 1) atividade dos acaricidas no controle do ácaro B. phoenicis em campo; 2) avaliação da seletividade... / The citrus crop is one of the most important activities of the Brazilian agriculture, generating exchange value in the order of US$ 2.3 billion with generation of approximately 400 thousand direct jobs. In the last decades the Brazilian citriculture presented ascending evolutionary scenery as for the territorial occupation and productivity, being positioned as the largest citriculture of the world. However the phytossanitary challenges are enormous and the introduction of new pests and diseases are frequent in citrus. Among the a lot of pests of the culture, the citrus leprosis, transmitted by the Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) it is still one of the most important, considering the control cost that can reach 24% of the total cost and it can ocasonar losses from 35 to 70% in the production. The citrus leprosis is one of the few diseases turn whose control is done with success through the chemical control of the vector. For the chemical control to be less impactant and it reduced need, the selectivity of the acaricides to the natural enemies of the pests is of great importance. In this context a new acaricide was introduced for use in the integrated pest management of citrus. It is a new molecule of common name etoxazole, belonging to a new chemical group (Diphenyloxazoline). It action way happens through the inhibition of the normal process of the ecdise, ovicidal activity and esterilizant effect on adult females. The objective of this work was to evaluate the activity of the acaricida etoxazole separately and in mixture with the adulticide acaricide propargite, in the control of the citrus leprosis mite, B. phoenicis and it selectivity to the beneficial arthropods in the citrus crop in field conditions and laboratory and for so much the following studies were driven: 1) activity of the acaricides in the control of the B. phoenicis mite in field; 2) evaluation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Entomology / Brian P. McCornack / Timely enactment of insect pest management and incursion mitigation protocols requires development of time-sensitive monitoring approaches. Numerous passive monitoring methods exist (e.g., insect traps), which offer an efficient solution to monitoring for pests across large geographic regions. However, given the number of different monitoring tools, from specific (e.g., pheromone lures) to general (e.g., sticky cards), there is a need to develop protocols for deploying methods to effectively and efficiently monitor for a multitude of potential pests. The non-random movement of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), toward several visual, chemical, and tactile cues, makes it a suitable study organism to examine new sensor technologies and deployment strategies that can be tailored for monitoring specific pests. Therefore, the objective was to understand Hessian fly behavior toward new sensor technologies (i.e., light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser displays) to develop monitoring and deployment strategies. A series of laboratory experiments and trials were conducted to understand how the Hessian fly reacts to the technologies and how environmental factors may affect the insect’s response. Hessian fly pupae distribution within commercial wheat fields was also analyzed to determine deployment of monitoring strategies. Laboratory experiments demonstrated Hessian fly attraction to green spectrum (502 and 525 nm) light (LEDs), that response increased with light intensity (16 W/m2), and that they responded in the presence of wheat odor and the Hessian fly female sex-pheromone, but, response was reduced under ambient light. These laboratory experiments can be used to build a more targeted approach for Hessian fly monitoring by utilizing the appropriate light wavelength and intensity with pheromone and wheat odor to attract both sexes, and mitigating exposure to ambient light. Together this information suggested that light could be used with natural cues to increase attraction. Therefore, a light source (green laser display) was applied to a wheat microcosm, which resulted in greater oviposition in wheat covered by the laser display. Examination of Hessian fly pupal distribution within commercial wheat fields showed that proportion of wheat within a 1 km buffer of the field affected distribution between fields. This helps to inform deployment of monitoring strategies as it identified fields with a lower proportion of wheat within a 1 km buffer to be at higher risk Hessian fly infestation, and therefore monitoring efforts should be focused on those fields. Together this work demonstrates Hessian fly behavior toward new sensor technologies, how those technologies interact with environmental cues, and how environmental composition affects pupal distribution. Collectively this information will enable cheaper, more accurate and more efficient monitoring of this destructive pest.

Orientador: Geraldo Papa / Banca: Marineide Rosa Vieira / Banca: Alcebíades Ribeiro Campos / Banca: Octavio Nakano / Banca: Carlos Gilberto Raetano / Resumo: A cultura dos citros é uma das principais atividades do agronegócio brasileiro, gerando divisas na ordem de US$ 2,3 bilhões com geração de aproximadamente 400 mil empregos diretos. Nas últimas décadas a citricultura brasileira apresentou um cenário evolutivo ascendente quanto à ocupação territorial e produtividade, posicionando-se como a maior citricultura do mundo. Entretanto os desafios fitossanitários são enormes e a introdução de novas pragas e doenças é freqüente em citros. Dentre os problemas fitossanitários, a leprosedos- citros, transmitida pelo ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) é ainda uma das mais sérias, considerando o custo de controle que pode atingir 24% do custo total e pode ocasionar perdas de 35 a 70% na produção. A leprose é uma das poucas doenças virais cujo controle é feito com sucesso pelo do controle químico do vetor. Para que o controle químico seja menos impactante e a necessidade do uso de acaricidas reduzida, a seletividade dos defensivos agrícolas aos inimigos naturais das pragas é de grande importância. Neste contexto um novo acaricida foi introduzido para uso no manejo do ácaroda- leprose dos citros. Trata-se de uma nova molécula de nome comum etoxazol, pertencente a um novo grupo químico (Difenil oxazolina). Seu mecanismo de ação ocorre através da inibição do processo normal da ecdise, atividade ovicida e efeito esterilizante sobre fêmeas adultas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade do acaricida etoxazol isoladamente e em mistura com o acaricida adulticida propargito, no controle do ácaro-da-leprose, B. phoenicis e sua seletividade aos artrópodes benéficos na cultura do citros em condições de campo e laboratório. Para tanto foram conduzidos os seguintes estudos: 1) atividade dos acaricidas no controle do ácaro B. phoenicis em campo; 2) avaliação da seletividade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The citrus crop is one of the most important activities of the Brazilian agriculture, generating exchange value in the order of US$ 2.3 billion with generation of approximately 400 thousand direct jobs. In the last decades the Brazilian citriculture presented ascending evolutionary scenery as for the territorial occupation and productivity, being positioned as the largest citriculture of the world. However the phytossanitary challenges are enormous and the introduction of new pests and diseases are frequent in citrus. Among the a lot of pests of the culture, the citrus leprosis, transmitted by the Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) it is still one of the most important, considering the control cost that can reach 24% of the total cost and it can ocasonar losses from 35 to 70% in the production. The citrus leprosis is one of the few diseases turn whose control is done with success through the chemical control of the vector. For the chemical control to be less impactant and it reduced need, the selectivity of the acaricides to the natural enemies of the pests is of great importance. In this context a new acaricide was introduced for use in the integrated pest management of citrus. It is a new molecule of common name etoxazole, belonging to a new chemical group (Diphenyloxazoline). It action way happens through the inhibition of the normal process of the ecdise, ovicidal activity and esterilizant effect on adult females. The objective of this work was to evaluate the activity of the acaricida etoxazole separately and in mixture with the adulticide acaricide propargite, in the control of the citrus leprosis mite, B. phoenicis and it selectivity to the beneficial arthropods in the citrus crop in field conditions and laboratory and for so much the following studies were driven: 1) activity of the acaricides in the control of the B. phoenicis mite in field; 2) evaluation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor