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Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-28. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-12535.pdf: 742021 bytes, checksum: 9518cc7caeeb58090e95e52453539267 (MD5) / A Medicina Tradicional Chinesa (MTC), com bases fundamentadas no estímulo à prevenção, visão holística e ênfase no autocuidado adequa-se às atuais Diretrizes Curriculares dos cursos da área da saúde e aos princípios do SUS, portanto vem sendo utilizada no sistema público de saúde no Brasil. Porém, a inserção de uma Medicina com bases filosóficas e culturais orientais em um contexto ocidental enfrenta numerosos desafios. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo caracterizar o perfil profissional, as concepções, práticas e o processo de formação em MTC de profissionais que atuam em unidades do serviço público de saúde na cidade de São Paulo. Esta pesquisa descritiva exploratória foi realizada com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados compreendeu a aplicação de formulários e entrevistas semiestruturadas a 12 profissionais que exercem MTC em duas unidades de saúde da região centro-oeste de São Paulo. A análise de conteúdo foi orientada pelos seguintes núcleos: perfil profissional, concepções e práticas, formação em MTC. Os resultados indicaram a configuração de dois grupos de profissionais que atuam com MTC, os médicos que praticam acupuntura e possuem formação mais normatizada e os não médicos que realizam práticas corporais e meditativas, com formação em diversas instituições que oferecem cursos com escassa normatização em relação à carga horária, aos conteúdos e requisitos de admissão. Os entraves na formação para ambos os grupos mencionados referem-se também à escassez de textos didáticos, docentes com insuficiente formação didático-pedagógica e ausência de apoio institucional para aprimoramento profissional em MTC. Os profissionais entrevistados expressam concepções condizentes com os princípios da MTC, contudo, o exercício da prática no cotidiano da unidade se vê prejudicado pela resistência da equipe multiprofissional, pelo escasso número de profissionais, carência de recursos materiais e falta de informação e divulgação da oferta e benefícios da MTC para usuários e profissionais da saúde. Os princípios da MTC e o perfil dos profissionais têm muito a contribuir com o atual modelo biopsicossocial de saúde no Brasil, embora medidas efetivas que incluam a aproximação das Instituições de Ensino Superior aos serviços de saúde devam ser estabelecidas para utilização e ampliação da MTC no serviço público, garantindo sua aplicação com segurança e qualidade visando à melhoria da saúde da população. / The Traditional Chinese Medicine, founded in the principles of stimulating prevention, holistic view and emphasis in self care, is appropriated in the current Curriculum Directive and to the Brazilian Unified Heath System, however, it has been used in the Brazil public health system. Nevertheless, the insertion of a Medicine with oriental philosophical and cultural approach in a western context has a number of challenges. The purpose of this search is to identify the professionals’ profile, the concepts, the practises and the education process of those professionals exercising Traditional Chinese Medicine in public centers in the city of São Paulo. This descriptive exploratory search was conducted with a qualitative approach. The data collection was through forms and semi-structured interviews with 12 professionals that exercise Traditional Chinese Medicine in two health public centers in the central west region of São Paulo. The content analysis was directed by: professional profile, concepts, practises and Traditional Chinese Medicine education. The results indicated the configuration of two professional groups that exercise Traditional Chinese Medicine: the doctors that practise acupuncture and have a formal academic education and the other professionals that give corporal and meditation practises and have a technical education acquired through several institutions that offer courses with limited regulation on minimum lecture and study hours, content and admission requirements. The issues regarding the education of both groups are also with respect to the limited availability of teaching material, teachers with insufficient teaching education and lack of institutional support for the professional improvement in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The traditional Chinese Medicine principles and the profile of the professionals have a lot to contribute with the current bio phiso social model of health in Brazil; nevertheless effective measures, which include the closer interaction between the universities and the health services, must be established in order for the Traditional Chinese Medicine to be used and amplified in the public service, safeguarding its qualified and secure application and aiming at the improvement of the heath standard of the population. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

La relation médecin-malade a évolué au cours des dernières décennies vers un rôle croissant du patient dans les décisions médicales. Dans le domaine de la fin de vie, deux lois en dix ans sont venues renforcer l'autonomie des malades. L'accroissement des capacités et des pouvoirs de la médecine a conduit à créer des situations inédites. Dans certaines de ces situations, l'ensemble des possibilités médicales sont déployées pour une prolongation artificielle de la vie, sans que le bénéfice pour le patient ne soit clair alors que les nuisances peuvent être insoutenables. On parle alors d'obstination déraisonnable ou d'acharnement thérapeutique. Cette évolution globale de la médecine se retrouve pour les traitements médicaux des cancers. L'évolution récente des thérapeutiques médicales a été considérable faisant naître puis croître une forte demande de prolongation de vie et de guérison chez les patients. Pourtant, la plupart des cancers en situation métastatique demeurent incurables et sont fréquemment mortels. Le parcours du malade incurable en cancérologie, du diagnostic à la fin de vie, va comporter de nombreuses décisions pour lesquelles différents arguments peuvent être mis en balance. La prise de décision dans ce contexte est souvent complexe et difficile. Des études internationales montrent un niveau élevé de soins agressifs en fin de vie et ce phénomène s'amplifie au cours des dernières années. Le contraste est saisissant entre d'un côté la demande de la société civile se traduisant par les évolutions législatives récentes renforçant les droits des malades en fin de vie, et de l'autre côté le haut niveau d'agressivité dans le soin en fin de vie ainsi que son augmentation. Ce contraste témoigne d'une tension persistante dans le processus décisionnel, y compris en fin de vie. Cette tension est particulièrement forte en cancérologie où les décisions médicales en fin de vie sont nombreuses. Cette thèse, dans le cadre d'une démarche éthique, explicite le cadre du soin et les spécificités de la cancérologie puis cherche à définir et à caractériser l'obstination déraisonnable en cancérologie. Les études réalisées proposent des moyens de lutter contre l'obstination déraisonnable. D'abord en renforçant la place du patient dans les décisions en fin de vie dans le cadre de discussions anticipées. Puis en limitant le risque d'erreur dans le processus décisionnel du cancérologue grâce à une médecine intégrée. Enfin, une action sur le discours du cancérologue, semble être une voie de recherche prometteuse. / The patient-doctor relationship as evolved during the past decades toward a more important role of patients in medical decisions. In France, two laws were passed in the last ten years, reinforcing patients' autonomy at the end-of-life. In the same time, the improvement of medical capacities and abilities have created new situations. In some of them, all medical abilities are deployed leading to an artificial prolongation of life, with no clear benefit for the patient while toxicity can be unbearable. Oncology has particularly been concerned by this global evolution of medicine. Recent evolutions in treatments have raised a strong demand for life prolongation and cure. Nevertheless, most cancers when at the metastatic stage are incurable and fatal diseases. In this setting, the path from diagnosis to end-of-life implies numerous and important decisions for which different arguments can be balanced. Decision making in this context is often complex and difficult. International studies report a high level of aggressiveness in the end-of-life care of oncology patients. Moreover, this phenomenon has increased in the past years. The contrast is striking between, on the one hand the demand of the society translating into laws reinforcing the patients' rights at the end-of-life, and on the other hand the high level in the aggressiveness of end-of-life care. This contrast gives evidence of a persistent tension in the decision making process, including at the end-of-life. This tension is particularly important in oncology, where many decisions are to be made at the end-of-life. In this manuscript, following an ethical approach, we describe the setting of care in oncology and characterize an excessive aggressiveness in end-of-life care. The studies presented suggest resources to avoid or decrease this aggressiveness of care. First with advanced discussions, allowing to reinforce the role of patients in end-of-life decisions. Second with an integrated medicine approach, resulting in a limitation of the risk of error in the oncologist decision making process across incurable-cancer care. Finally, acting on the oncologist communication may reveal essential.