Background: This paper considers two levels of supply chain integration as manufacture ( Haleeb foods) and distributors. In the last decade, the advancement in technology and collaboration in the business becoming more commonly used. Firms need to be working closely with their supply chain partner upstream and downstream. However, supply chain integration is a process to join together as business partners and optimize the collective performance of the supply chain.   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the existing  levels of supply chain integration between Haleeb foods and its distributors in Pakistan. Theory defines that developing countries have a lack of integration between supply chain partners due to some barriers to supply chain integration. Furthermore, this study found the barriers to supply chain integration between the Haleeb foods and its distributors as well as identifying the most common barriers to SCI.   Methodology: This study is to identify different levels and barriers to SCI between Haleeb foods and its distributors. Subsequently, research supported the supply chain integration in the food industry of Pakistan. Furthermore, relevant literature is reviewed to design the questionnaire and sent it to all the distributors of Haleeb foods across the Pakistan through a company representative . 178 responses were received out of 200 distributors in order to complete this survey based study. Pearson correlation was performed out of empirical data to find out the significant relationship. Moreover, the authors used descriptive statistic to identify the levels and barriers to supply chain integration.   Conclusion: The current level of supply chain integration in Haleeb foods and its distributors is low due to less supply chain integration practice and unstable industrial condition in Pakistan. However, the basic dimensions (II, CRS, ORL) of supply chain integration are very important to identifying the levels of SCI. On the other hand, there are some barriers to supply chain integration between Haleeb foods and its distributors. These barriers are strongly influencing on SCI. Originality/value: This is the first empirical work, measuring the existing levels and barriers to supply chain integration in the dairy industry of Pakistan specifically, Haleeb foods and its distributors. This research has given a clear idea about the supply chain integration and collaborative efforts in the food industry of Pakistan.

Background: In nowadays economy, the only certainty is that knowledge is source of lasting competitive advantage. The increasing global competitive business environment triggers firms to establish inter-firm cooperation with cross-border partners possessing complementary assets. However, knowledge management is a difficult concept to put in practice. Knowledge integration is a complex process hindered by several sets of complications specific to knowledge and relations between partners. In addition, the cultural dimension seems to influence knowledge integration across borders. Cultural differences between partner-firms may have a considerable impact on the transfer and integration of knowledge. Aim: Researchers have mainly focused on seeking out the outcome of developing knowledge integration, such as innovation or product development. However, the importance of contextual factors, such as culture, and their potential implications on knowledge integration across borders remain unexplored. The contribution of this study addresses the impact of culture on knowledge integration across borders. In addition, the model developed along this study provides a ground for future research. As a spin-off, the motive of this theoretical research is to raise awareness of cultural factors in cross-border cooperation. Methodology: This thesis is based on a qualitative case study method that intends to build theory through iteration by analyzing literature and empirics following an inductive reasoning, in the specific context of Sino-Swedish cooperation. The research design builds upon the collection of primary data through interviews within the case company. Data analysis utilizes the open coding system; findings are presented through direct quotations, tables and models. Results: The results show that knowledge integration – its nature and coordination within and between firms – is influenced by cultural factors. The study finds that the cultural dimension can affect the efficiency of knowledge integration. Although literature is aware of culture, specific cultural factors still impact on organizations involved in cross-border cooperation at different levels. This creates cultural distance between partner-firms, and provokes major implications on group work, which in turn can potentially affect cooperation performance.

Introduction: The great challenge in bioinformatics is data integration. The amount of available data is always increasing and there are no common unified standards of where, or how, the data should be stored. The aim of this workis to build an automated tool to annotate the different member families within the protein superfamily of medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (MDR), by finding common properties among the member proteins. The goal is to increase the understanding of the MDR superfamily as well as the different member families.This will add to the amount of knowledge gained for free when a new, unannotated, protein is matched as a member to a specific MDR member family. Method: The different types of data available all needed different handling. Textual data was mainly compared as strings while numeric data needed some special handling such as statistical calculations. Ontological data was handled as tree nodes where ancestry between terms had to be considered. This was implemented as a plugin-based system to make the tool easy to extend with additional data sources of different types. Results: The biggest challenge was data incompleteness yielding little (or no) results for some families and thus decreasing the statistical significance of the results. Results show that all the human and mouse MDR members have a Pfam ADH domain (ADH_N and/or ADH_zinc_N) and takes part in an oxidation-reduction process, often with NAD or NADP as cofactor. Many of the proteins contain zinc and are expressed in liver tissue. Conclusions: A python based tool for automatic annotation has been created to annotate the different MDR member families. The tool is easily extendable to be used with new databases and much of the results agrees with information found in literature. The utility and necessity of this system, as well as the quality of its produced results, are expected to only increase over time, even if no additional extensions are produced, as the system itself is able to make further and more detailed inferences as more and more data become available.

Inlandskommunerna är de kommuner som tar emot flest flyktingar per invånare. Mycket har forskats på temat integration men få studier har undersökt integration på mindre orter. Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka om kvotflyktingar över 18 år som bor i en liten kommun anser sig vara eller ha möjlighet att bli integrerade i den kommunen samt vad de anser att inegration är. Studien baserades på sex kvalitativa intervjuer med kvotflyktingar boende på två orter i en norrländsk inlandskommun. Teorier som använts i studien är KASAM samt teorier om integration.Resultatet visar att de som bodde i centralorten överlag var nöjda och kände sig integrerade medan de som bodde på den mindre orten tyckte att den var för liten och inte erbjöd tillräckliga integrationsmöjligheter. Informanterna beskrev anpassning som en förutsättning för integration. Det fanns en övergripande vilja hos dem att anpassa sig till det svenska samhället. Men de tyckte också att det krävs en ömsesidigt anpassning mellan dem och majoriteten för att en god integration ska ske. Resultatet visar att individer kan bli integrerade på en mindre ort om det finns tillräckliga integrationsmöjligheter såsom jobbmöjligheter och kontakt med ortsbor.

This thesis presents an automated, data-driven integration process for relational databases. Whereas previous integration methods assumed a large amount of user involvement as well as the availability of database meta-data, we make no use of meta-data and little end user input. This is done using a novel join and translation finding algorithm that searches for the proper key / foreign key relationships while inferring the instance transformations from one database to another. Because we rely only on the relations that bind the attributes together, we make no use of the database schema information. A novel searching method allows us to search the database for relevant objects without requiring server side indexes or cooperative databases.

Many children and adolescents up to the age eighteen come from other countries alone to Sweden to seek asylum. Sweden receives many unaccompanied children and the number of unaccompanied children is increasing every year. There are various reasons to why the unaccompanied children flee their homeland to come to Sweden. Many of the unaccompanied children come from countries such as Somalia, Afghanistan and Eritrea. The unaccompanied children’s families choose to send their children to Sweden to protect them from armed conflict and other social or political unrest going on in their homeland.  This essay aims to explore how the integration of the newly arrived unaccompanied children works in schools. The following questions in my survey I have assumed to achieve the purpose of this essay are, how does Annerstaskolan work to integrate the newly arrived unaccompanied students in school, how the staff at the accommodation, Vårljus, where the unaccompanied children live help these students integrate into school and how Huddinge municipality supports Annerstaskolan and other schools in Huddinge in their work to integrate the unaccompanied children. To achieve this purpose I have done qualitative research interviews and two days of structured non-participant observations in the preparatory class. The qualitative research interviews were conducted with the teacher in the preparatory class, Dan Fränkel, who is an officer in Huddinge municipality and Damir Tomic, who works at Vårljus accommodation.  Annerstaskolan is using the path that Peder Haug is describing as segregating integration (Haug, 1998). The option Annerstaskolan is using is that the child is being removed from the regular class and placed in a smaller group. The student is being removed from the regular class and placed into a preparatory class.

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Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka hur ensamkommande flyktingbarn och personal på ett urval av boenden, upplever de insatser som görs för att underlätta integrering i samhället, med fokus på skola, fritid och språk. Vi använde oss av fyra stycken halvstrukturerade intervjuer, med personal och boenden, fördelade på två olika boenden. Detta för att få en inblick i det aktiva arbetet med integration samt upplevelsen av huruvida det gett något resultat. Vi grundade vår analys på identitetsteorin samt systemteorin. Viktiga resultat var bland annat vikten av att hitta rätt personer när man som ensamkommande flyktingbarn kommer till ett nytt land. Vidare så visade studien på vikten av personalens engagemang på boendena. / The main purpose of this study was to explore how unaccompinied refugee children an staff in a range of accomondation, experience the efforts to facilitate integration into society, focusing on education, leisure and language We used four semi-structured interviewes whit staff and residents, located in two diffrent accommondations. This is to get an insight into the active pursuit of integration and the perception  of whether it produced any results. We based our analysis on identity theory and systems theory. Key findings included the importance of finding the right people when that unaccompanied refugee children coming to a new country. Furthermore, the study showed the importance of staff involvement in the Lodging

Detta arbete är en intervjustudie med lärare och funktionshindrade elever på högstadiet samt gymnasiet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om och i så fall hur lärarna anpassar sin undervisning till förmån för integration av elever med fysiska funktionshinder. Ett ytterligare syfte är att undersöka hur de fysiskt funktionshindrade eleverna upplever sin situation i klassen och hur väl de anser att dessa anpassningar, om de existerar, fungerar. Jag har personligen intervjuat lärare och funktionshindrade elever för att få höra deras personliga erfarenheter och åsikter i frågan. Detta för att få en så tydlig bild som möjligt av deras situation. Det har visat sig att lärarna jag intervjuat gärna anpassar sin undervisning till förmån för de funktionshindrade eleverna och endast i nödfall valt att bortse från vissa betygskriterier. De funktionshindrade eleverna trivs bra i sina respektive grupper och de upplever sig inte vara åsidosatta eller utanför.

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