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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Sistema de visualização do interior de objetos com estruturas internas para simulação de cirurgias / Visualization system for the interior of objects with internal structures for surgery simulation

Balreira, Dennis Giovani January 2015 (has links)
Simuladores cirúrgicos possibilitam a médicos e estudantes a visualização de órgãos humanos representados com alto grau de realismo. Trata-se de um grande avanço que reduz o tempo e os custos na formação desses profissionais, oferecendo menor risco aos pacientes. Entretanto, esses sistemas comerciais de simuladores têm, em geral, suas representações voltadas apenas para a superfície dos órgãos. Assim, quando ocorre o corte de um órgão com estruturas internas, o seu interior aparece vazio, não mostrando, por exemplo, estruturas anatômicas como vasos sanguíneos no seu interior. Trabalhos na área de textura sólida também não lidam com objetos que possuem estruturas internas modeladas geometricamente. Nessa dissertação é proposto um sistema gráfico interativo que permite cortes arbitrários em estruturas anatômicas, reconstruindo a textura nas superfícies da zona de corte de forma a respeitar as estruturas internas. O sistema protótipo desenvolvido propõe que cortes definidos pelo usuário alterem modelos tridimensionais, retriangulando apropriadamente a malha nas regiões de corte. Como estudo de caso, foi selecionado um modelo de fígado humano com vasos, apresentando como resultado a visualização interna em tempo real desse objeto para quaisquer planos. Essa abordagem pode ser considerada como um passo para os simuladores se tornarem ainda mais realistas. Extensões do trabalho envolvem a integração com simuladores médicos existentes, bem como uma validação do sistema por parte dos profissionais da Medicina. / Surgical simulators help doctors and students the visualization of human organs with high realism. Simulators are an improvement which reduce time and cost spend by professionals, offering less risk to the patients. Besides, studies show that the amount of realism seen in the simulators is related to the engaging of students in learning. However, these commercial simulator systems represent only the surface of organs. Thus, when a cut of an organ with internal structures occurs, its interior remains empty, without showing anatomical structures such as blood vessels inside. Research in the area of solid texture typically do not deal with objects which have internal structures geometrically modeled. In this dissertation, we propose a graphical interactive system that allows arbitrary cuts in anatomical structures, reconstructing the texture in the cutting zone’s surface according to its internal structures. With the developed application, cuts defined by the user transform three-dimensional models, triangulating properly the mesh in the cutting area. As a case study we selected a human liver model with vessels, presenting as result the internal visualization of the object in real time for any cut planes. We consider this approach as a step in order for simulators to become more realistic. Extensions of the work include the integration with current medical simulators, as well as a validation of the system by the Medicine professionals.
2

Sistema de visualização do interior de objetos com estruturas internas para simulação de cirurgias / Visualization system for the interior of objects with internal structures for surgery simulation

Balreira, Dennis Giovani January 2015 (has links)
Simuladores cirúrgicos possibilitam a médicos e estudantes a visualização de órgãos humanos representados com alto grau de realismo. Trata-se de um grande avanço que reduz o tempo e os custos na formação desses profissionais, oferecendo menor risco aos pacientes. Entretanto, esses sistemas comerciais de simuladores têm, em geral, suas representações voltadas apenas para a superfície dos órgãos. Assim, quando ocorre o corte de um órgão com estruturas internas, o seu interior aparece vazio, não mostrando, por exemplo, estruturas anatômicas como vasos sanguíneos no seu interior. Trabalhos na área de textura sólida também não lidam com objetos que possuem estruturas internas modeladas geometricamente. Nessa dissertação é proposto um sistema gráfico interativo que permite cortes arbitrários em estruturas anatômicas, reconstruindo a textura nas superfícies da zona de corte de forma a respeitar as estruturas internas. O sistema protótipo desenvolvido propõe que cortes definidos pelo usuário alterem modelos tridimensionais, retriangulando apropriadamente a malha nas regiões de corte. Como estudo de caso, foi selecionado um modelo de fígado humano com vasos, apresentando como resultado a visualização interna em tempo real desse objeto para quaisquer planos. Essa abordagem pode ser considerada como um passo para os simuladores se tornarem ainda mais realistas. Extensões do trabalho envolvem a integração com simuladores médicos existentes, bem como uma validação do sistema por parte dos profissionais da Medicina. / Surgical simulators help doctors and students the visualization of human organs with high realism. Simulators are an improvement which reduce time and cost spend by professionals, offering less risk to the patients. Besides, studies show that the amount of realism seen in the simulators is related to the engaging of students in learning. However, these commercial simulator systems represent only the surface of organs. Thus, when a cut of an organ with internal structures occurs, its interior remains empty, without showing anatomical structures such as blood vessels inside. Research in the area of solid texture typically do not deal with objects which have internal structures geometrically modeled. In this dissertation, we propose a graphical interactive system that allows arbitrary cuts in anatomical structures, reconstructing the texture in the cutting zone’s surface according to its internal structures. With the developed application, cuts defined by the user transform three-dimensional models, triangulating properly the mesh in the cutting area. As a case study we selected a human liver model with vessels, presenting as result the internal visualization of the object in real time for any cut planes. We consider this approach as a step in order for simulators to become more realistic. Extensions of the work include the integration with current medical simulators, as well as a validation of the system by the Medicine professionals.
3

Sistema de visualização do interior de objetos com estruturas internas para simulação de cirurgias / Visualization system for the interior of objects with internal structures for surgery simulation

Balreira, Dennis Giovani January 2015 (has links)
Simuladores cirúrgicos possibilitam a médicos e estudantes a visualização de órgãos humanos representados com alto grau de realismo. Trata-se de um grande avanço que reduz o tempo e os custos na formação desses profissionais, oferecendo menor risco aos pacientes. Entretanto, esses sistemas comerciais de simuladores têm, em geral, suas representações voltadas apenas para a superfície dos órgãos. Assim, quando ocorre o corte de um órgão com estruturas internas, o seu interior aparece vazio, não mostrando, por exemplo, estruturas anatômicas como vasos sanguíneos no seu interior. Trabalhos na área de textura sólida também não lidam com objetos que possuem estruturas internas modeladas geometricamente. Nessa dissertação é proposto um sistema gráfico interativo que permite cortes arbitrários em estruturas anatômicas, reconstruindo a textura nas superfícies da zona de corte de forma a respeitar as estruturas internas. O sistema protótipo desenvolvido propõe que cortes definidos pelo usuário alterem modelos tridimensionais, retriangulando apropriadamente a malha nas regiões de corte. Como estudo de caso, foi selecionado um modelo de fígado humano com vasos, apresentando como resultado a visualização interna em tempo real desse objeto para quaisquer planos. Essa abordagem pode ser considerada como um passo para os simuladores se tornarem ainda mais realistas. Extensões do trabalho envolvem a integração com simuladores médicos existentes, bem como uma validação do sistema por parte dos profissionais da Medicina. / Surgical simulators help doctors and students the visualization of human organs with high realism. Simulators are an improvement which reduce time and cost spend by professionals, offering less risk to the patients. Besides, studies show that the amount of realism seen in the simulators is related to the engaging of students in learning. However, these commercial simulator systems represent only the surface of organs. Thus, when a cut of an organ with internal structures occurs, its interior remains empty, without showing anatomical structures such as blood vessels inside. Research in the area of solid texture typically do not deal with objects which have internal structures geometrically modeled. In this dissertation, we propose a graphical interactive system that allows arbitrary cuts in anatomical structures, reconstructing the texture in the cutting zone’s surface according to its internal structures. With the developed application, cuts defined by the user transform three-dimensional models, triangulating properly the mesh in the cutting area. As a case study we selected a human liver model with vessels, presenting as result the internal visualization of the object in real time for any cut planes. We consider this approach as a step in order for simulators to become more realistic. Extensions of the work include the integration with current medical simulators, as well as a validation of the system by the Medicine professionals.
4

Topological changes in simulations of deformable objects / Changements topologiques pour la simulation d'objets déformables

Paulus, Christoph Joachim 03 April 2017 (has links)
La découpe virtuelle d'objets déformables est au coeur de nombreuses applications pour la simulation interactive. Nous présentons un nouvel algorithme de remaillage permettant la simulation de découpes avec la méthode des éléments finis. Nous avons combiné notre algorithme avec la méthode du «snapping» déplaçant les noeuds la surface de coupe, pour des tétradres linéaires. Notre approche permet de maîtriser le nombre de noeuds et de la qualité numérique du maillage durant les coupes. Elle donne des résultats similaires pour les fonctions de forme quadratiques. Dans ce cadre, nous avons évalué le «snapping» pour simuler la fracture de surfaces triangulées. Nous avons appliqué nos résultats en 3D pour l'assistance aux gestes chirurgicaux, en étant les premiers présenter des résultats sur la détection de déchirures dans un flux vidéo monoculaire. La robustesse de notre algorithme et l'augmentation des structures internes des organes. / Virtual cutting of deformable objects is at the core of many applications in interactive simulation for computational medicine. We present a new remeshing algorithm simulating cuts based on the finite element method. For tetrahedral elements with linear shape tunctions, we combined our algorithm with the movement of the nodes on the cutting surface, called snapping. Our approach shows benefits when evaluating the impact of cuts on the number of nodes and the numerical quality of the mesh. The remeshing algorithm yields similar results for quadratic elements. However, the snapping of nodes entails higher challenges and has been evaluated on triangular elements, simulating fractures. For augmented reality applications, we are the first to present results on the detection of fractures, tearing and cutting from a monocular video stream. Examples in different contexts show the robustness of our algorithm and the augmentation of internai organ structures highlights the clinical interest.
5

Ontogenese komplexu dorsoabdominálních pachových žláz u zástupců kněžic (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). / Ontogeny of dorsoabdominal scent gland complex in the representatives of the Pentatomoidea (Heteroptera).

Kutalová, Kateřina January 2010 (has links)
Dorso-abdominal scent glands (= DAGs) of larvae represent one of apomorphic characters of insects order Heteroptera. These glands can persist until adults in different taxa. The persistence of DAGs were proved in the members of the family Acanthosomatidae. The ontogenetic development of DAGs cuticular structures were studied in all stadia, from 1st larval instar to adults of acanthosomatid Elasmucha ferrugata (Fabricius, 1787). The study concerned external structures and sculptures associated with DAG ostiole and areas of their surfaces, as well as internal structures, shape of gland reservoir and number of conducting ductules of proper glandular units. The light microscope and stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope were used for this comprehensive study.
6

Innovative Bauteilgestaltung mit inneren Strukturen

Mahn, Uwe, Horn, Matthias, Arndt, Jan 24 May 2023 (has links)
Die neuen Fertigungsmöglichkeiten durch die Additive Fertigung ermöglicht es nicht nur topologisch neuartige Bauteile herzustellen, sondern auch Bauteile mit inneren Strukturen zu versehen, die der Bauteilbelastung angepasst sind oder anderen Funktionen Freiräume bieten. Ein Ansatz ist es durchlässige innere Strukturen, z. B. Gitterstrukturen (auch als Lattice Strukturen bezeichnet) einzusetzen und durch die damit geschaffenen großen inneren Flächen eine effiziente Bauteilkühlung zu realisieren. Anhand eines einfachen Beispiels wird durch Simulation und Experiment die Wirkung einer solchen Kühlung gezeigt. Als weiteres Anwendungsbeispiel wird der Einsatz verschiedener innere Strukturen zur festigkeitsgerechten Gestaltung gewichtsoptimierter Bauteile vorgestellt. In beiden Fällen wird die Gestaltung mit Hilfe von FE-Modellen experimentell begleitet. / The new manufacturing possibilities offered by additive manufacturing not only allows to produce topologically novel components, but also enables to provide components with internal structures that are adapted to the component load or offer new possibilities for other functions. One approach is to use permeable internal structures, e. g. lattice structures, to realize efficient component cooling through the large internal surfaces created thereby. The effect of such a cooling is demonstrated by simulations and experiments using a simple example. As a further application example, the use of various internal structures for the strength-oriented design of weight-optimized components will be presented. In both cases the design is experimentally accompanied by FE models.

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