This research explores the various security and post-conflict complications that are in part a result of the global proliferation of small arms — including organized crime, rebellion, civil war, and fractionalization of the state. The paper 1) defines the issue, 2) contextualizes why the issue matters, and 3) evaluates the effectiveness of policies at the international level. I define the actors in the debate, defines the solutions at regional and international levels, and draw conclusions about the effectiveness of weapons collection, destruction, disarmament, tracing, import and export control, and associated legislation. I find that serious violence-reducing measures should include: increasing the role of local law enforcement organizations capable of carrying out meaningful and region-specific legislation, tightening border controls, uniform implementation of the International Tracing Instrument, and effectively disarming and integrating former opposition groups in post-conflict societies.

Since the beginning of civilization people have fought over land, disputed what nation, tribe or political faction controls what river, mountain range, field or forest. Political borders and boundaries have long been plagued with conflict ranging from migration, immigration, ethnic or religious cleansing and war. We draw our maps with black lines dividing countries, states and provinces, often these lines following elements of the natural landscape such as rivers or mountains. This document will study one such case border conflict, the U.S-Mexico border region, in hopes to discover the potential for border conflicts to be resolved through the means of architecture. The Unites States Southern border with The United Mexican States, commonly referred to as the U.S and Mexico respectively, has been subject to much debate in American politics. It has been a heated debate calling into question; 1. Who should be allowed to cross? 2. How and when should they cross? 3. Should anyone be allowed to cross? Both implement strategies and proposed solutions to ease the tensions along the border have been simple minded and unable to properly address the issues facing the region. From closing the 2,000 mile border with walls and fencing, to opening the flood gates the range of ideas have failed to capitalize and propose investment in the region. Much of the border is impassable by foot or by car, rendering a man made barrier irrelevant and ease of transit difficult to accomplish. Erecting a wall or other physical barrier is not only expensive but fails to prevent any the issues it claims to solve. As declared in the opening statement this thesis will propose an infrastructural and architectural investment in the region. This investment will seek to create a prototypical example of how the border can be a cooperative and less combative region. The architectural project developed will attempt to establish replicable idea that can be used to revitalize sections of the border. / 1 / SPK / archives@tulane.edu

Yes

This dissertation focuses on the experiences of Haitians living in France who are active in organizations seeking to benefit Haiti. Focusing on “hometown associations”—collectives formed by members of the diaspora who are generally from the same town, that engage in activities and projects for the benefit of their home country—my main question is how do a group of Haitians, committed to transnational engagement between France and Haiti, manage the challenges, pressures, and expectations in being a “diaspora” in light of the category’s increasing institutionalization? Previous research has examined the impact of hometown associations in nations such as Mexico, but I sought to understand their importance in the context of personal, national, and international agendas, agendas that often neutralize or undermine the purpose of hometown associations. Despite increasing attention by national and international policy makers citing diasporas as integral to the survival and growth of struggling nations, my research shows that there is little support given to such collectivities, especially in the case of the Haitian diaspora. I argue that diaspora as a category has become more institutionalized, and as a result is inhibiting progressive, grassroots change more that it empowers. My research hopes to highlight this trend so that policy makers and humanitarians can take a step back to better identify the future of diaspora as a geopolitical force for change in countries like Haiti, and gauge whether it can still function under the weight of its signification. / text

The aim of this thesis is to examine the extent to which selected aspects of sport policy in Japan and also UK/England are influenced by international forces. The objectives which underpin the research aim are to analyse the characteristics of the domestic policy areas and identify the varying degree of impact of external influences on domestic sport policy. The thesis examines the interactions between domestic and international factors that shape elite sport policy and anti-doping policy and seeks to identify how domestic institutional values and ideas have been shaped by global influences. Importantly, by analysing the nature and mechanisms of global influence that are manifest at the domestic level, it is intended to identify varying degree of impact external to national policy. To achieve the above objectives, a qualitative methodology and related documentary research methods are adopted in the empirical investigations. Policy document analysis and semi-structured interviews are employed. The cases of UK (or England where appropriate) are introduced in order to generate a deeper understanding of the development of Japanese elite sport and anti-doping policy. The thesis draws on a range of theoretical frameworks, including international relations theory, international regime theory and globalisation, to analyse the empirical data. By adopting these theoretical frameworks, it is aimed to identify the possible characteristics of international policy regimes in the policy areas of elite sport and anti-doping.

This thesis depicts the UNESCO World Heritage Convention (1972), an international law for the protection of natural and cultural heritage sites, as an example of the multiple practices within international policy making. By analysing its transnational constitution, I show how the Convention is constructed in and between locales through bureaucratic and diplomatic procedures characterised by intersecting political and economic interests. Using neo-institutional theory, I argue that organisations such as UNESCO frame problems as global, provide solutions, and organise the actions of states, organizations, and individuals; furthermore, my research not only illustrates how this occurs but also explores the preconditions of international policy making. While adhering to its officially proclaimed aspirations, states, organisations, and individuals also use the Convention for other purposes such as international prestige, career advancement, publicity, identity, development, tourism – even war. Such contending interests raise the question of explaining the success of the Convention and thereby the preconditions of policy making at the international level. A conclusion reached by this study shows that growing interest in the Convention can be regarded to result only partially from the general acceptance of its global rhetoric and morally vested perspective or the need for states to gain legitimacy by engaging in international relations. My thesis proposes that rather than by its official aims and formal procedures, the Convention is constituted primarily through complex informal relations, concurring contexts, and external structures. Data for this ethnographic study consists of field notes from participant observations during UNESCO meetings in France, Morocco, Australia, and at the Convention’s secretariat. A case study of the Agricultural Landscape of Southern Öland, a Swedish World Heritage site, is also included, along with interviews, documents, and media.

This paper tests for the Euro zone the hypothesis put forward by Sapir and Sekkat (1999) that synchronizing elections might improve welfare. After identifying a political budget cycle in the Euro zone we build a politico-macroeconomic model and simulate the effects of adopting a common election day in the 12 Euro zone member states. The results support most of the theoretical predictions by Sapir-Sekkat: (i) Synchronizing the elections could enhance GDP growth, reduce unemployment, but leads to increased inflation and in some countries to a deterioration of the budget; higher inflation forces ECB to monetary restrictions. (ii) If the synchronization happens asymmetrically - either only in the large or only in the small Euro zone countries - the result depends on the size of the spillovers. (iii) As anticipated in Sapir -Sekkat a common election day is a further step towards the desired "European business cycle", however, at the cost of increasing its amplitude. Harmonizing elections is another method of policy coordination. Whether this leads to higher welfare is a matter of weighting the different macroeconomic outcomes and it also depends on the model applied. (author's abstract) / Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut

Submitted by PPGE PPGE (pgedu@ufba.br) on 2015-11-26T15:29:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaçãoNinaRosa.pdf: 947681 bytes, checksum: f87c579dc427297d2711b97d1c2c1630 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2015-12-18T13:40:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaçãoNinaRosa.pdf: 947681 bytes, checksum: f87c579dc427297d2711b97d1c2c1630 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-18T13:40:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaçãoNinaRosa.pdf: 947681 bytes, checksum: f87c579dc427297d2711b97d1c2c1630 (MD5) / Esta dissertação pretendeu estudar a correspondência existente entre as concepções e orientações da UNESCO (Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação Ciência e Cultura) e do UNICEF (Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância) sobre a Educação Infantil e os princípios e objetivos constantes nas políticas públicas para a Educação Infantil Brasileira, formuladas a partir dos anos 90. O estudo se desenvolveu através de uma análise qualitativa, valendo-se do apoio da pesquisa documental e bibliográfica para estabelecer as possíveis relações entre as orientações das Organizações Multilaterais em estudo e as determinações encontradas na legislação nacional e em outros documentos de planejamento voltados para Educação Infantil. Inicialmente o estudo discute questões relacionadas à história da infância e do atendimento educacional à criança no Brasil. Logo após situa as políticas públicas nacionais da Educação, e em especial da Educação Infantil como parte das demandas requeridas pelo movimento das transformações sociais, econômicas, políticas e culturais desejadas para o setor educacional dos países em desenvolvimento pelo novo ordenamento internacional e analisa a repercussão da Reforma do Estado brasileiro na elaboração de políticas educacionais. Discute ainda, sobre o surgimento da UNESCO e do UNICEF, e os incentivos propostos em acordos internacionalmente firmados a partir de iniciativas desses organismos para a elaboração de políticas educacionais nos diversos países em desenvolvimento e, principalmente, no Brasil, em especial para a Educação Infantil. Os resultados alcançados mostram que, no contexto do estudo, o incentivo e condução das ações dessas agências neste sentido tenderam a revelar a influência de tais orientações nas políticas para a referida etapa da educação, principalmente, no que concerne à ênfase dada à promoção da equidade de oportunidades e à construção de políticas focalizadas na pobreza. / ABSTRACT The purpose of this work was to study the correspondence between the concepts and guidelines from UNESCO (United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization) and the ones from UNICEF (United Nations Children'sFund) on Childhood Education and the principles and constant objectives in the public policies to Brazilian Childhood Education, started in the 90’s. The study was conducted through a qualitative analysis, supporting itself in documental and bibliographic research to establish the possible relations between the guidelines from the Multilateral Organizations analyzed and the determinations found in the national legislation and in other planning documents related to Childhood Education. First, this work focuses on issues related to the history of childhood and to the educational services to children in Brazil. It after concentrates on the national public policies of Education, particularly the Childhood Education policy as part of the required demands of the social, economic, political and cultural movement of transformations intended for the education sector of the developing countries by the new international order and analyzes the impact of Brazilian state Reform in elaboration of educational policies. It also focuses on the emergence of UNESCO and UNICEF, and the incentives announced in international agreements established to help the elaboration of educational policies in many developing countries and, especially, in Brazil, particularly to Childhood Education. The results show that, in the context of this work, the encouragement and the conduction of the actions by these agencies tended to reveal the influence of these policies inthe educational steps, mainly regarding the emphasis on promoting equal opportunities and creating policies focused on poverty.

The thesis discusses Czechoslovak-Iranian relationships during 1953-1979. Several thematically organized chapters deal with policy and diplomatic relations after the fall of Mosaddeq in 1953, the support of Tudeh party, cultural relations and intelligence activities of above mentioned countries. Relationships between them had been cooled after the beginning of the communist era in Czechoslovakia and it got worse after the Mosaddeq overthrow - mostly due to Czechoslovakian support of persecuted Iranian Tudeh party. However, due to Czechoslovakian business opportunities in Iran, the relations from the 1960 improved and led to the state visits in the 1970. Nevertheless, as well as with other countries, nearly all dealings were interrupted after the Islamic revolution in 1979. The thesis is primarily based on archive sources from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The National Archive, and The Security Forces Archive as well as on a professional literature. This diploma thesis brings new historical evidence in the area of Czechoslovak-Iranian relationships through processing, for the time being, almost unexplored topic of Czechoslovakian diplomacy and relations with Iran.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:53:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bendrath_ea_me_prud.pdf: 2306920 bytes, checksum: eeda6b43b208063d883742b8dbab659a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este projeto foi desenvolvido no âmbito da Linha de Pesquisa “Políticas Públicas, Organização Escolar e Formação de Professores” do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista. Entendemos políticas públicas como medidas e estratégias de caráter público definidas pela ação do Estado em virtude de necessidades e interesses da sociedade. Tendo como horizonte tais políticas, o governo paulista instituiu em 2003 com apoio da UNESCO e outros órgãos não-governamentais, o Programa Escola da Família, favorecendo o acesso das comunidades intra e extra-escolar a modelos de educação não formal, abrangendo toda a rede de escolas da Secretaria de Educação de São Paulo. No final de 2006 com a troca de governo estadual houve um corte drástico de recursos destinados ao programa, e mais de 50% das escolas da rede estadual tiveram as atividades aos finais de semana encerradas por medida direta da Secretaria de Educação. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar o Programa Escola da Família tomando-o como política pública compensatória, averiguando o seu desenvolvimento junto às populações-alvo; nesse caso dados oficiais foram analisados e um censo foi aplicado para a verificação resultante da relação entre as propostas do Estado e o processo de Cultura da Paz da UNESCO. A metodologia usada obedeceu aos princípios fundamentais descritos na literatura para avaliação de políticas públicas, sendo dessa forma caracterizada como uma pesquisa de avaliação de processo. O lócus do estudo foi circunscrito à Diretoria de Ensino de Presidente Prudente, tendo como base quatro escolas estaduais posicionadas em regiões distintas... / This project was developed under research line “Public Policy, School Organization and Teacher Education” Program Master Education in the Faculty of Science and Technology of the U/ESP - São Paulo State University. We can understand public policy measures and strategies of a public character that regulate and define the activities of the state. The direct economic influence of international organizations in the state characterized as a result of multilateral agreements with pre-set targets. Education is the starting point for many of these agreements, the reduction of marginal youth, cultural openness and qualification of manpower processes are typical of social and economic development. The horizon of such policies, the São Paulo government established in 2003 with support from UNESCO and other nongovernmental organizations, the Family School program, encouraging community access and intra-school models of non-formal education, covering the entire network Schools Department of Education of Sao Paulo. At the end of 2006 with the exchange of state government was a drastic cut in funds for the program, and more than 50% of schools in the state have activities on weekends closed by direct measurement of the Department of Education. Thus, this work aims at analyzing the Family School program, taking it as a public policy allowance. We intend to investigate the impact of those outputs to the target populations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)