Orientador: Alberto Albuquerque Gomes / Banca: Antonio Bosco de Lima / Banca: Everaldo dos Santos Melazzo / Resumo: Este projeto foi desenvolvido no âmbito da Linha de Pesquisa "Políticas Públicas, Organização Escolar e Formação de Professores" do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista. Entendemos políticas públicas como medidas e estratégias de caráter público definidas pela ação do Estado em virtude de necessidades e interesses da sociedade. Tendo como horizonte tais políticas, o governo paulista instituiu em 2003 com apoio da UNESCO e outros órgãos não-governamentais, o Programa Escola da Família, favorecendo o acesso das comunidades intra e extra-escolar a modelos de educação não formal, abrangendo toda a rede de escolas da Secretaria de Educação de São Paulo. No final de 2006 com a troca de governo estadual houve um corte drástico de recursos destinados ao programa, e mais de 50% das escolas da rede estadual tiveram as atividades aos finais de semana encerradas por medida direta da Secretaria de Educação. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar o Programa Escola da Família tomando-o como política pública compensatória, averiguando o seu desenvolvimento junto às populações-alvo; nesse caso dados oficiais foram analisados e um censo foi aplicado para a verificação resultante da relação entre as propostas do Estado e o processo de Cultura da Paz da UNESCO. A metodologia usada obedeceu aos princípios fundamentais descritos na literatura para avaliação de políticas públicas, sendo dessa forma caracterizada como uma pesquisa de avaliação de processo. O lócus do estudo foi circunscrito à Diretoria de Ensino de Presidente Prudente, tendo como base quatro escolas estaduais posicionadas em regiões distintas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This project was developed under research line "Public Policy, School Organization and Teacher Education" Program Master Education in the Faculty of Science and Technology of the U/ESP - São Paulo State University. We can understand public policy measures and strategies of a public character that regulate and define the activities of the state. The direct economic influence of international organizations in the state characterized as a result of multilateral agreements with pre-set targets. Education is the starting point for many of these agreements, the reduction of marginal youth, cultural openness and qualification of manpower processes are typical of social and economic development. The horizon of such policies, the São Paulo government established in 2003 with support from UNESCO and other nongovernmental organizations, the Family School program, encouraging community access and intra-school models of non-formal education, covering the entire network Schools Department of Education of Sao Paulo. At the end of 2006 with the exchange of state government was a drastic cut in funds for the program, and more than 50% of schools in the state have activities on weekends closed by direct measurement of the Department of Education. Thus, this work aims at analyzing the Family School program, taking it as a public policy allowance. We intend to investigate the impact of those outputs to the target populations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

The present thesis evaluates the responses of the contemporary Greek foreign policy structures and processes, conceptualised as the Greek foreign policy system, in the face of the transformation of world politics. This transformation, precipitated by the concurrent complex processes of globalisation and regionalisation, pose empirical and analytical challenges to the national management of foreign policy. Consequently, government departments and agencies assigned with responsibility for the conduct of what has been traditionally termed foreign policy, namely the national foreign policy machinery with the foreign ministry and the diplomatic network at its core, find themselves challenged as roles and responsibilities are relocated. Such change underpins the machinery s institutional responses and the need to rethink its role and structure. The thesis synthesises several literatures, primarily those identified with international relations, transformational foreign policy analysis, and new approaches to diplomatic studies informed by insights from institutionalist approaches. This is combined with extensive fieldwork within the Greek bureaucracy and the diplomatic network, and seeks to cast light on a relatively understudied area: namely the organisation and nature of the Greek foreign policy system in an era of considerable change. The thesis draws a dual image of the contemporary Greek foreign policy system which displays elements of both continuity and change. According to the first image, the Greek foreign policy machinery embraces contemporary foreign policy developments, and is enmeshed in a process of change and adaptation as a response to its changing operational environment. The second image depicts the foreign policy system as traditionalist conforming to geopolitical approaches, which are linked to compartmentalisation in the organisation of foreign policy. This image is supported by evidence which suggests that the Greek foreign policy machinery is infused with elements of hierarchy, centralisation and verticality in its organisation, which prevent the adoption of integrated and horizontal models prescribed by globalist approaches to the management of foreign policy.

Esta tese de doutorado explora uma faceta ainda obscura nos estudos sobre a democracia e a participação, que consiste na difusão internacional de ideias e tecnologias de governança participativa. As pesquisas recentes sobre este tema têm insistido na influência de atores diversos para explicar o fenômeno da difusão, atribuindo ênfase especial às Organizações Internacionais. A indicação de modelos específicos da parte de tais instituições é frequente, como no caso do Orçamento Participativo (OP), que hoje conta com mais de 2800 experiências ao redor do globo. No entanto, seriam suficientes as orientações de instituições internacionais para explicar a difusão de ideias e tecnologias de governança participativa? Situada entre a análise de políticas públicas e o estudo das relações internacionais, a proposta da pesquisa de doutorado foi de examinar o processo de difusão do OP, por meio de metodologia qualitativa, combinando entrevistas em profundidade, observação participante e análise de documentos. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir da análise de um caso de origem, Porto Alegre, e diversos casos de transferência na África Subsaariana e na América Latina. Os resultados de pesquisa apontam para a existência de um fluxo global, movimentos de difusão regional, como na região dos Andes, e movimentos pontuais de transferência, em que o OP se desloca de uma instituição à outra, como de Porto Alegre, no Brasil, para o município de Cotacachi, no Equador, ou ainda para Maputo, no Moçambique. Foi possível constatar que a ação de um conjunto de indivíduos foi fundamental para inserir o OP na agenda internacional, bem como para auxiliar nos processos de transferência no exterior. Uma vez que o OP se legitima no plano externo, as Organizações Internacionais passam a fazer mais diferença, pois financiam experiências, organizam oficínas de capacitação de quadros e produzem manuais de implementação. A técnica utilizada para realizar este estudo foi a do rastreamento do processo, que procura identificar as cadeias de mecanismos causais que afetam um determinado fenômeno. A dimensão empírica da pesquisa foi composta por fontes primárias. Para este estudo foram feitas mais de 120 entrevistas em profundidade em nove países (África do Sul, Brasil, Equador, Espanha, Estados Unidos da América, França, Moçambique, Peru, Senegal). Além disso, foi realizada observação participante em eventos internacionais e também foram coletados materiais in loco, como documentos oficiais, artigos da imprensa e arquivos multimídia. / This thesis explores an obscure facet in studies about democracy and participation, namely the international diffusion of ideas and technologies on participatory governance. Recent researches on the topic highlight the influence of various actors to explain the diffusion phenomenon, drawing particular attention to international organizations. These institutions often recommend the use of specific models, as in the case of the Participatory Budgeting (PB), which currently accounts over 2800 experiences worldwide. Nonetheless, do recommendations from international institutions suffice to explain the transfer of ideas and technologies on participatory governance? Situated between public policy analysis and the study of international relations, this doctoral research seeks to examine the transfer of Participatory Budgeting through a qualitative methodology, combining in-depth interviews, participant observation and document analysis. This research is based on the analysis of the key case of Porto Alegre and several cases of transfer in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Research findings indicate there is a global flow, a regional diffusion, as in the Andes, and also isolated transfers, in which PB streams from one institution to another, as exemplified on the transfer from Porto Alegre, Brazil, to the municipality of Cotacachi, Ecuador, or to Maputo in Mozambique. It was found that the actions of a group of individuals were crucial to make PB part of the international agenda. These actors have also assisted to promote transfers abroad. Once Participatory Budgeting becomes legitimate abroad, international organizations play a bigger role since they finance these experiences, organize training workshops for staff and develop implementation manuals. The technique used to conduct this study was the process-tracing, which seeks to identify chains of causal mechanisms that affect a particular phenomenon. The empirical dimension of this research is composed of primary sources. For this study, over 120 in-depth interviews in nine countries (South Africa, Brazil, Ecuador, Spain, United States, France, Mozambique, Peru, Senegal) were made. Furthermore, there were participant observations in international events and the collection of materials on-site, such as official documents, press articles and multimedia files.

Esta tese de doutorado explora uma faceta ainda obscura nos estudos sobre a democracia e a participação, que consiste na difusão internacional de ideias e tecnologias de governança participativa. As pesquisas recentes sobre este tema têm insistido na influência de atores diversos para explicar o fenômeno da difusão, atribuindo ênfase especial às Organizações Internacionais. A indicação de modelos específicos da parte de tais instituições é frequente, como no caso do Orçamento Participativo (OP), que hoje conta com mais de 2800 experiências ao redor do globo. No entanto, seriam suficientes as orientações de instituições internacionais para explicar a difusão de ideias e tecnologias de governança participativa? Situada entre a análise de políticas públicas e o estudo das relações internacionais, a proposta da pesquisa de doutorado foi de examinar o processo de difusão do OP, por meio de metodologia qualitativa, combinando entrevistas em profundidade, observação participante e análise de documentos. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir da análise de um caso de origem, Porto Alegre, e diversos casos de transferência na África Subsaariana e na América Latina. Os resultados de pesquisa apontam para a existência de um fluxo global, movimentos de difusão regional, como na região dos Andes, e movimentos pontuais de transferência, em que o OP se desloca de uma instituição à outra, como de Porto Alegre, no Brasil, para o município de Cotacachi, no Equador, ou ainda para Maputo, no Moçambique. Foi possível constatar que a ação de um conjunto de indivíduos foi fundamental para inserir o OP na agenda internacional, bem como para auxiliar nos processos de transferência no exterior. Uma vez que o OP se legitima no plano externo, as Organizações Internacionais passam a fazer mais diferença, pois financiam experiências, organizam oficínas de capacitação de quadros e produzem manuais de implementação. A técnica utilizada para realizar este estudo foi a do rastreamento do processo, que procura identificar as cadeias de mecanismos causais que afetam um determinado fenômeno. A dimensão empírica da pesquisa foi composta por fontes primárias. Para este estudo foram feitas mais de 120 entrevistas em profundidade em nove países (África do Sul, Brasil, Equador, Espanha, Estados Unidos da América, França, Moçambique, Peru, Senegal). Além disso, foi realizada observação participante em eventos internacionais e também foram coletados materiais in loco, como documentos oficiais, artigos da imprensa e arquivos multimídia. / This thesis explores an obscure facet in studies about democracy and participation, namely the international diffusion of ideas and technologies on participatory governance. Recent researches on the topic highlight the influence of various actors to explain the diffusion phenomenon, drawing particular attention to international organizations. These institutions often recommend the use of specific models, as in the case of the Participatory Budgeting (PB), which currently accounts over 2800 experiences worldwide. Nonetheless, do recommendations from international institutions suffice to explain the transfer of ideas and technologies on participatory governance? Situated between public policy analysis and the study of international relations, this doctoral research seeks to examine the transfer of Participatory Budgeting through a qualitative methodology, combining in-depth interviews, participant observation and document analysis. This research is based on the analysis of the key case of Porto Alegre and several cases of transfer in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Research findings indicate there is a global flow, a regional diffusion, as in the Andes, and also isolated transfers, in which PB streams from one institution to another, as exemplified on the transfer from Porto Alegre, Brazil, to the municipality of Cotacachi, Ecuador, or to Maputo in Mozambique. It was found that the actions of a group of individuals were crucial to make PB part of the international agenda. These actors have also assisted to promote transfers abroad. Once Participatory Budgeting becomes legitimate abroad, international organizations play a bigger role since they finance these experiences, organize training workshops for staff and develop implementation manuals. The technique used to conduct this study was the process-tracing, which seeks to identify chains of causal mechanisms that affect a particular phenomenon. The empirical dimension of this research is composed of primary sources. For this study, over 120 in-depth interviews in nine countries (South Africa, Brazil, Ecuador, Spain, United States, France, Mozambique, Peru, Senegal) were made. Furthermore, there were participant observations in international events and the collection of materials on-site, such as official documents, press articles and multimedia files.

Partant des interrogations légitimes soulevées par l'émergence d'un concept novateur, ce travail de recherche entend analyser plusieurs variables révélatrices d'un Etat en action. Ainsi, penser l'action publique internationale du co-développement sous le prisme des trajectoires franco-malienne et franco-sénégalaise, implique de relever ce qui en constitue son essence (mise en sens) et ses conditions d'existence (mise en action). Il en résulte que cette Policy comme processus a des conséquences intellectuelles et pratiques majeures qui induisent un autre modèle d'action publique. Cet objet de recherche, se pose en s'opposant aux trajectoires habituelles du développement et de la migration et permet de saisir le codéveloppement, non comme une vue de l'esprit réductible à une rhétorique instrumentale qui émerge lors des échéances électorales, mais comme le produit d'acteurs et d'institutions spécifiques sur le double espace France-Afrique (sahélienne). Cette analyse interroge l'imbrication d'acteurs multiples aux registres différents (local, régional, national, transnational, supranational, international, décentralisé, public et privé) qui participent au processus décisionnel et à la mise en œuvre du codéveloppement. Il nous reviendra ainsi d'analyser tour à tour la construction du codéveloppement comme action publique impliquant les questions migratoires et la gouvernementalité dynamique de cette nouvelle rationalité politique constituée d'acteurs multi-niveaux et asymétriques. / On the basis of the legitimate interrogations raised by the emergence of an innovative concept, this research intends to analyze several revealing variables of a State in action. In this study, we aim at re-thinking international policy-making, with references to "co-development" under the prism of the French-Malian and French Senegalese trajectories. The study seeks to explore "co-development" by looking into its essence (meaning setting) and its conditions of existence (action setting). The findings of this study show that this policy as a process has major intellectuel and practical challenges; therby displaying "co-development", not as an instrumental rhetoric, but as a product of specific institutions on the France-Africa (Sahel) "double space". This analysis examines the interaction of several actors at different levels (local, regional, national, transnational, supranational, international) and public and private sectors which jointly participate in the decision-making process and in the implementation of co-development policy. Specifically, we analyze the construction process of the concept of "co-development" as an international public policy, and the dynamic governmentality of this new political rationality made up of multilevel factors.

Sino-African relations have recently become a hot topic. Chinese cooperation with the African continent is becoming more and more important not only in the field of politics but also within the economic relations. This thesis deals with two five-years long periods in the 60s and at the beginning of the 21st century. It analyses the dynamics of modern Sino-African relations in a variety of aspects.

En esta tesis estudio varias cuestiones de política monetaria y fiscal usando modelos de equilibrio generales completamente micro-fundados. El primer capítulo de esta tesis trata la cuestión de cómo la políticas monetarias y fiscales se deben conducir en una unión monetaria donde hay un solo banco central que fija el tipo de interés común mientras que el gobierno todavía conserva independencia completa en las decisiones de políticas fiscales. En el segundo capítulo se dedica a estudiar si es posible racionalizar en un modelo keynesiano completamente micro-fundado la existencia de una unión monetaria. El último capítulo investiga en qué medida el incentivo de las autoridades de política económica en una economía abierta de mejorar los términos de intercambio en su favor se puede compensar por la externalidad de relocalización de la producción (home market effect). / In this thesis I study different kinds of monetary and fiscal policy issues by using fully microfounded general equilibrium models. The first chapter addresses the question of how monetary and fiscal policy should be conducted in a monetary union where there is a single central bank that sets the common interest rate while governments still retain full independence in fiscal policy decisions. The second chapter is devoted to study whether it is possible to rationalize, within a fully microfounded New Keynesian framework, the existence of a monetary union. The last chapter investigates to what extent the incentive of open economy policy makers to improve the terms of trade in their favour can be outweighed by the production relocation externality (the so called home market effect).

Alors que l’adaptation aux changements climatiques se présente comme une problématique fondamentale à l’échelle planétaire, nous avons choisi d’étudier les stratégies qui se développent aujourd’hui, réduisant la vulnérabilité des populations des pays en développement aux impacts du réchauffement global :ces populations sont souvent catégorisées comme étant les plus vulnérables aux changements climatiques. L’amplification de ces phénomènes au cours des prochaines années et décennies risque alors d’induire de nouvelles vulnérabilité à l’échelle locale. Il faut souligner que ces populations sont déjà confrontées aux impacts de la variabilité et du changements climatiques, face auxquels elles peuvent avoir développé certaines stratégies d’adaptation, mais peuvent également se trouver sans ressources.<p>Cette recherche s’intéresse essentiellement à l’aspect pragmatique du concept d’adaptation aux changements climatiques, questionnant la réalité de l’adaptation – ou de la non adaptation – des populations à l’échelle locale. Pour ce faire, nous avons axé l’étude autour d’enquêtes de terrain menées dans le sud du Bénin, au sein de communautés rurales agricoles. Nous avons analysé la vulnérabilité climatique des populations à des aléas relevant de la variabilité du climat, qui semble s’être accentuée récemment. L’analyse repose sur le recours à un cadre d’analyse s’inspirant des approches contextuelles et top-down utilisées, dans la littérature récente, pour étudier la vulnérabilité aux changements climatiques. Ces approchent complémentaires permettent d’étudier la vulnérabilité initiale d’une société, fragilisée alors par de nouveaux stress qui émergent dans le contexte du réchauffement global.<p>Au final de cette recherche, nous avons mis en évidence les causes de la vulnérabilité climatique de populations sud-béninoises, causes situées à différentes échelles (locales à internationales), ainsi que les facteurs favorisant l’émergence de stratégies d’adaptation au climat :l’étude de ces facteurs inclut l’impact des politiques internationales de soutien à l’adaptation aux changements climatiques sur des populations locales du Bénin. Il ressort, en conclusions, que la vulnérabilité des sociétés doit s’étudier en regard de facteurs situés aux échelles locales, nationales et internationales, influençant les conditions de vie au sein de villages et favorisant la vulnérabilité des populations aux stress climatiques pouvant relever du réchauffement global. Dans nos cas d’étude, les populations sont vulnérables de par certains facteurs socio-économiques influençant les conditions de vie dans les villages, et, sur le plan de l’encadrement institutionnel, de par la faiblesse des structures de l’Etat, décentralisées :celles-ci se sont révélées peu présentes dans les villages étudiés, n’assurant pas le développement socio-économique et agricole à l’échelle locale. La vulnérabilité des populations qui en résulte est alors amplifiée par certains aléas climatiques spécifiques, accentuant la variabilité climatique et provoquant une certaine imprévisibilité au niveau de la pluviométrie. Réduire la vulnérabilité climatique des populations, y compris à des aléas qui pourront s’amplifier au cours des prochaines années, implique dès lors des actions se situant à différentes échelles – l’échelle locale, mais également visant certains aspects du fonctionnement de l’Etat béninois – et relevant à la fois, spécifiquement, de l’adaptation aux changements climatiques et, plus généralement, du développement socio-économique et institutionnel. <p> / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Les effets néfastes du changement climatique influencent de manière exponentielle les déplacements humains. Au courant des dernières années, plusieurs acteurs de la communauté internationale ont constaté l’urgence de la situation, menant à une vague de conscientisation dans les sphères politique et publique. Cependant, la nature causale complexe des déplacements crée des tensions politiques affectant le développement d’une gouvernance stable. Dans ce mémoire, nous cherchons à savoir comment la catégorie de « déplacé climatique » s’est construite dans la communauté internationale et quelles sont les implications pour sa gouvernance. Le présent travail est scindé en deux parties. La première passe en revue une partie de la littérature scientifique abordant les questions relatives aux « déplacés climatiques ». À travers ces écrits, nous sommes en mesure d’identifier plusieurs conceptualisations du « déplacé climatique » et ainsi d’établir une typologie originale qui catégorise ces personnes selon trois caractères de discours, à savoir : médiatique, juridique et humanitaire. La deuxième partie consiste en une étude de cas du Haut-Commissariat pour les Réfugiés (HCR). En appliquant notre typologie de discours, nous analysons l’évolution de ses pratiques de gouvernance et démontrons les différents niveaux d’influence que l’émergence de la catégorie de « déplacé climatique » a sur son programme d’action. Nous établissons que, par l’adoption d’approches collaboratives, le HCR s’engage à protéger les personnes concernées, à défaut d’être en mesure de le faire par l’attribution d’un statut juridique. / The adverse effects of climate change are having an exponential impact on human displacement. In recent years, stakeholders from the international community have recognized the urgency of the situation, leading to a surge of awareness in the political and public spheres. However, the complex causal nature of displacement creates political tensions which affect the development of a stable governance. In this paper, we seek to explore how the “climate-displaced persons” category is constructed within the international community and what the implications for its governance are. This study is divided into two parts. The first part reviews the body of scientific research that addresses the issues related to said “climate-displaced persons”. Through these writings, we are able to identify various conceptualizations and thus establish a typology that categorizes these persons according to three types of discourses, namely: media, legal and humanitarian. The second part consists of a case study of the United-Nations High-Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Using our discourse categorization, we analyze the evolution of its governance practices and demonstrate the levels of influence that the emergence of the “climate-displaced persons” category has on its agenda. We establish that, through its collaborative approaches, the UNHCR engages in protecting the persons of concern, not being able to do so through the granting of a legal status.