Participant d'un mouvement global d'élaboration du droit par des organismes privés, la Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs Conseils (FIDIC) élabore et diffuse les contrats FIDIC. Il s'agit de contrats-types utilisés dans les grands projets de construction internationaux par les acteurs du secteur de la construction internationale. Les contrats FIDIC participent à la transnationalisation du droit applicable à ces projets. Cette transnationalisation pose la question de l'existence d'une lex constructionis, dérivée spécifique de la lex mercatoria.Pour répondre à la question de l'existence de la lex constructionis, l'auteur procède à l'étude de la formation et de l'application des contrats FIDIC. / The FIDIC ContractsThe International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), participating in a global trend of creation of the rule of law by private organizations, elaborates and issues the FIDIC contracts. These contracts are standards widely used in major international constructionn projects by the main actors of international construction market. The FIDIC contracts participate to the transnationalization of the applicable law to such major projects. This transnationalization raises the question of the existence of a lex constructionis, a specific derivative of the lex mercatoria. In order to answer the question of the existence of the lex constructionis, the author procedes to the study of the formation and the application of the FIDIC contracts.

<p>An increasing number of AEC firms are positioning themselves to expand operations in the international construction market. To undertake such decisions, it is critical for companies to analyze the risks, benefits, and future market potential of the host country. Further, companies typically select appropriate entry modes and develop business strategies to navigate the complex formal and informal institutions of the host country. The Board of directors and upper-management employees are typically involved in making such decisions. Previous researchers have identified various risks such as the political, financial, supply-chain using tools like the International Construction Risk Assessment Model (ICRAM) and the International Project Risk Assessment (IPRA). Such comprehensive models encompass various risk factors at the country, market, and project levels. At each level, data are to be collected from various sources that could be susceptible to political agenda, bias, and inaccessibility. Research findings suggest that the results provided by such models heavily rely on the credibility of the information and the information source.</p><p>First, this research provides comprehensive definitions for Information and Source Credibility with respect to the international construction decision-making domain. Second, the research proposes a framework to assist decision-makers in evaluating Information and Source credibility to rank and prioritize their sources. This research has identified (a) 5 Criteria and 20 Metrics for Information Credibility and (b) 3 Criteria and 18 Metrics for Source Credibility. Third, a survey of construction industry professionals was carried out to determine the relevancy and relative importance of the identified criteria and metrics with respect to international construction decisions. The collected survey responses have a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.89 which indicates that the responses are reliable for further analysis. A one-way ANOVA test was conducted to investigate the influence of the prior credibility evaluation experience of the respondents on the relative weights for the framework. The results indicate that prior evaluation experience does not significantly affect the perception of the users towards selecting and weighing the criteria and metrics.</p><p>Finally, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model is proposed to incorporate the proposed credibility evaluation framework with the relative weights of the criteria and metrics. An Excel-based macro-enabled tool (with a user-friendly interface) is developed to accept user inputs associated with their information and sources. A well-defined scale of measurement is developed to reduce the subjectivity and biases involved in making such abstract assessments. Final scores, Cr_Information and Cr_Source, are calculated for every piece of information and source selected by the user. The MCDM results are expected to assist users in determining the undertaking of robust decisions by incorporating one additional layer of determining the credibility of their information and prioritizing their information sources. The suggested point of application for this research is before Financial Investment Decision (pre-FID) stage to ensure sufficient time for all the stakeholders to reevaluate their FIDs.</p>

In the global construction market, most construction companies are willing to undertake international projects in order to maximise their profitability by taking advantage of attractive emerging markets and minimise dependence on unfavorable domestic market conditions. In order to be awarded a contract in highly competitive global construction market, companies should excel in choosing the most attractive markets and prepare winning bids for the selected construction projects in those markets. While preparing bids, the major concern of companies is to offer an optimum price that will enable them to earn enough profits and win the contract at the same time, where profit making ability is strongly correlated with proper estimation of a risk premium that is added onto the estimated cost of the project. Due to the nature of construction works, there are lots of uncertainties associated with the project, market and country conditions. Therefore, how the profitability of the project changes with occurrence of various risk events, in other words, the sensitivity of project costs to risk events, should be estimated by bidders realistically. In this study, fuzzy set theory is used to estimate cost overrun risk in international projects at the bidding stage. The objective is to propose a methodology which can be used by bidders to quantify cost overrun risk so that a realistic risk premium may be determined. A fuzzy risk rating approach is proposed to quantify cost overrun risk rating, which takes into account of risks characterised in international construction projects. For this purpose, risk sources have been identified and a risk model is put forward by using influence diagramming method. Based on this risk model, a fuzzy risk rating algorithm has been defined and software has been developed to conduct fuzzy risk rating calculations easily. After a decision-maker inserts the necessary inputs related with project and country risk factors, the output of the software is a rating that takes into account of all factors that may affect cost overrun risk in international construction projects. The reliability of the algorithm and developed software have been tested by an application on a real construction project. The proposed methodology and decision support tool have been proved to be reliable for the estimation of cost overrun risk while giving bidding decisions in international markets.

Contract for work in international construction projects (Summary) The present master thesis analyses the contemporary practice in the field of making contracts for work in international construction projects. Its goal is to answer the following research question: is it possible to use the new Czech trust concept as a payment instrument under the most used FIDIC standard form of contract - Conditions of Contract for Construction First Edition 1999 (better known as "Red Book")? The thesis is divided into three chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the new trust concept: from construction projects through construction contracts for work to payment conditions. The opening part of Chapter One focuses on construction projects. It defines their characteristic features and describes the main types of their management, organization and contractual relationships. Next, the chapter discusses the international character of construction projects and concentrates on situations involving a conflict of laws. Party autonomy and the choice of law rule, that empowers parties to designate the applicable law to their contractual relationship, are assumed to be fundamental principles of contract formation in international construction projects. This part of the chapter is concluded by the proposition that...

Les modes de règlement des différends dans les contrats internationaux de construction est un sujet d’importance pratique inégalable car, en raison de leur complexité et des aléas auxquels ces contrats à long terme sont exposés, les différends sont une constante, depuis la conclusion du contrat jusqu’à l’achèvement des travaux. Par ailleurs, ces différends sont très variables, présentant chacun des caractéristiques propres. Face à cela, les parties cherchent à exécuter le contrat dans le délai et le prix contractés pour pouvoir utiliser l’ouvrage et retirer le profit espéré du contrat. Afin d’atteindre ce but, elles doivent donc régler ces différends de la manière la plus efficace possible pour éviter que ceux-ci ne viennent perturber l’exécution des travaux. Dans ce contexte, l’arbitrage, mode normal de règlement des litiges pour les contrats internationaux de construction, semble de plus en plus concurrencé par d’autres modes de règlement des différends. L’idée sous-jacente est que l’arbitrage ne serait pas adapté à tous les différends susceptibles de naître de ces contrats. Cependant, contrairement à cette idée de concurrence, la pratique a consacré, par le biais des clauses échelonnées, un système qui met en avant la complémentarité entre les différents mécanismes. L’objectif est que ce système soit adapté à régler efficacement le plus grand nombre de différends possible. L’objet de cette thèse est de faire le point sur les raisons de la consécration du système échelonné, ainsi que sur les difficultés de sa mise en oeuvre, que ce soit dans sa phase pré-juridictionnelle, juridictionnelle ou dans la relation entre les deux. / The Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in International Construction Contracts is a subject of paramount practical importance. In light of their complexity, and the unforeseeable circumstances to which these long term contracts are exposed, disputes are a constant factor, from the signature of the contract to the completion of works. Furthermore, these disputes are very diverse, each one presenting its own set of characteristics. Facing these issues are the parties, who wish to complete the project within the time and price agreed, in order to be put it to use and make the expected profit. To achieve this goal, the parties need to resolve their disputes in the most efficient manner possible, preventing disputes from disrupting the execution of works. In this regard, arbitration, that has been for a long time the predominant method for settling disputes in international construction contracts, would seem to be suffering from the concurrence of other dispute resolution mechanisms. The underlying reason is that arbitration would not be adapted to all types of disputes that could arise from these contracts. However, contrary to this idea of concurrence, the industry has established, via multi-tiered clauses, a system that puts forward and interplay between the different dispute resolution mechanisms. The purpose of this system is to be flexible to adapt and efficiently resolve the largest potential number of disputes. The objective of this thesis is to give a comprehensive analysis of the reasons for the rise of the multi-tiered system, as well as of the difficulties of its practical application, may that be with respect to the pre-jurisdictional phase, jurisdictional phase, or the relationship between both.