Cette thèse est composée de trois essais, chacun contribuant à mieux comprendre la façon dont différents types de relations politiques affectent les stratégies d'expansion internationale et la performance des entreprises. Le premier essai examine le rôle des relations politiques comme modérateur de la relation entre les attributs du pays hôte et le choix d’investir dans ce pays par des entreprises. Nous examinons le cas des premiers investissements dans les pays concernés par des entreprises du secteur manufacturier au cours de la période 2003-2010. Les autres essais examinent le rôle des relations politiques comme antécédents directs des décisions et des performances des stratégies d'expansion internationale des entreprises. Le deuxième essai étudie l’influence des différents types de relations politiques dans l’ampleur et le profil de risque des investissements internationaux des entreprises. Enfin, le troisième essai analyse le rôle des connexions politiques en tant que facteur explicatif de la capacité des entreprises à accélérer le financement et le développement de leurs projets. Les deux derniers essais sont testés sur une base de données originale recensant les relations politiques dont bénéficient les plus grandes entreprises françaises au cours de la période 2003-2012. / This dissertation is composed of the three essays, each contributing to address part of the puzzle regarding how different types of political connections affect firms’ international expansion strategies and performance. The first essay examines how political connections moderate the relationship between host country attributes and international strategy in a sample of greenfield investments in manufacturing during the 2003-2010 period. The second and third essays examine how political connections directly impact a firm’s international expansion strategies and performance. The second essay investigates the role of different types of political connections on a firm’s international investments amount and risk profile. Finally, the third essay analyzes the role of political connections as an explanatory factor of firms’ ability to accelerate the provision of funding and development of their project finance-based investments. Both the latter two essays rely on an original dataset on various political connections enjoyed by the largest French firms during the 2003-2012 period.

This thesis explores the strategic considerations for the international expansion of family-owned professional development companies in Central European markets, specifically Germany, Poland, Austria, and Slovakia. The study integrates multiple theoretical perspectives such as the Resource-Based View of the firm, Eclectic Paradigm, Institutional Theory, and Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory with empirical data on the markets in question to identify the most relevant factors that aid in the location choice decision-making. Multi-criteria decision Analysis was used in this research to assess various criteria such as market size, economic stability, cultural compatibility, competitors and revenue potential. Furthermore, regression analysis was carried out to test the optimal number of cultural dimensions to be included in the analysis. The results showed that Germany was the most attractive location followed by Austria, Poland, and Slovakia. Market size, economic stability, and cultural compatibility was found to be in alignment with the resource advantages strategies highlighted by the Resource Based View. The results provide a comprehensive framework for choosing the optimal criteria for country selection decisions for expansion which are robust and based on empirical market data and therefore should aid family-owned professional development companies to successfully expand into highly competitive international markets.

The master thesis deals with the possibilities of international expansion in case of the Czech company Logio s.r.o that sells consulting services on B2B market. The main objective is to choose a suitable international market for expansion of the company. Futhermore, market analysis and determination of method of market entering are additional objectives of the thesis. The first part deals with the characteristics of the process, which companies should follow during selection of international market, and various forms of entrance. Then, gained findings are used in process of selecting the most suitable international market for expansion of company Logio s.r.o. Selected market is analysed by using Porter model of 5 forces and PESTEL analysis. The variants of international expansion are specified and compared in the end of the thesis and the most suitable method of market entering is chosen with regard to specifics of the company itself.

With the transport sector being one of the major contributors to global CO2 emissions and a projected growth of emissions by another 16 percent until 2050, the need for new innovative and sustainable solutions for the transport industry arises. These endeavours are what emerging start-up enterprises want to deliver with their novel Transport as a Service business model. As part of their growth strategy, they want to conquer international markets and establish their operations abroad, which is why this thesis develops a strategic framework for the expansion into new foreign markets. For better applicability and generalisability of the results, the framework was additionally tested and refined in the context of an expansion to the German market, using an action research design. Three key stages were identified for Transport as a Service start-ups to expand their operations to attractive foreign markets, namely the market attractiveness assessment, the selection of a suitable market entry mode and finally the initiation of key workstreams to achieve operational readiness abroad. The first stage proposes to expand to markets with a high business proximity, using a ’lightweight funnel approach’, which represents a compromise between resource-intensive market evaluation and reduction of time-to-market through a dynamic learning-by-doing process. Subsequently, it has become apparent that a high-control market entry mode in the form of a wholly owned subsidiary would be the most appropriate for Transport as a Service start-ups to enter foreign markets. Thereby, the scarcity of potential venture partners and acquisition targets can be compensated as well as the risk of technological spill-over mitigated. Finally, during the initialisation of key workstreams in the last stage, five conclusions were drawn from the research. More specifically, the need for acknowledgement of time uncertainties and criticalities in the process, the importance of the company’s operational partner network, a strategic discussion about acquisition of country-specific knowledge, an early business model review as well as the significance of defining clear tasks and responsibilities connected to the installation of a central expansion team with necessary project management authorities emerged. / Transportsektorn bidrar kraftigt till de globala koldioxidutsläppen och utsläppen förväntas öka ytterligare 16 procent tills 2050. I takt med de stigande koldioxidutsläppen har behovet av nya innovativa och hållbara lösningar ökat. Start-ups inom transportsektorn har utvecklat en ny affärsmodell, ”Transport as a Service”-modellen, med syfte att leverera sådana lösningar. Deras tillväxtstrategi omfattar bland annat internationell expansion och etablering utomlands. Syftet med detta examensarbete är därför att utveckla ett strategiskt ramverk för hur man tar sig in på marknaden i ett nytt land. Ramverket utvecklades via aktionsforskning genom att testa det under en tänkt expansion på den tyska marknaden. I utformningen av ramverket identifierades tre huvud-faser för ”Transport as a Service”-start-ups att expandera verksamheten i nya attraktiva geografiska marknader. Dessa är (1) utvärdering av hur attraktiva marknaden är, (2) val av lämpligt tillvägagångsätt för att ta sig in på marknaden och (3) initiering av de viktigaste aktiviteterna som är nödvändiga för att bli redo för drift utomlands. I den första fasen föreslås att expandera till marknader med närliggande branscher genom att använda en ’lightweight funnel approach’. Den innebär en kompromiss mellan resurskrävande marknadsanalys och minskning av ”time-to-market” genom en dynamisk lära genom att göra-process. Som ett resultat har det framkommit att ett väl kontrollerat inträde på en ny marknad via ett helägt dotterbolag är det mest optimala för Transport as a Service start-ups. Därmed mitigeras både eventuell frånvaro av möjliga samarbetspartners eller uppköpsobjekt och risken för oavsiktligt spridande av egen unik kunskap. Slutligen kunde fem forsknings-slutsatser dras rörande uppstarten av aktiviteterna i den sista fasen. Dessa slutsatser är: att det är nödvändigt att ta hänsyn till tidsmässiga osäkerheter och kritiska delar i processen, vikten av att företaget har ett väl fungerande nätverk av partners, en strategisk utvärdering av anskaffning av land-specifik kunskap, en tidig utvärdering av affärsmodellen, samt vikten av att tydliggöra arbetsuppgifter och åtaganden hos ett centralt expansions-team inklusive nödvändiga mandat för projektledning.