O presente trabalho examinará a temática da cooperação jurídica internacional em matéria penal no âmbito das relações Brasil/Estados Unidos. Na primeira parte, será abordada a teoria geral da cooperação jurídica internacional, ocasião em que se analisará o seu histórico, conceito e classificações, elencando-se as suas fontes e fundamentos, bem como os seus princípios basilares para, alfim, estudar-se a cooperação no âmbito da União Européia e do MERCOSUL e, ainda, as redes de cooperação ao redor do mundo. Em seguida, o instituto será estudado nos ordenamentos jurídicos de ambos os países, Brasil e Estados Unidos, cada qual com suas particularidades. O estudo da cooperação jurídica no Brasil envolverá a contextualização histórica do instituto, a análise dos diplomas legais aplicáveis, o estudo das espécies de cooperação e da autoridade central brasileira, e uma breve incursão nas redes de cooperação integradas pelo Brasil e no Anteprojeto de Lei de Cooperação Jurídica Internacional. No âmbito dos Estados Unidos, estudaremos o histórico do instituto, os principais problemas constitucionais enfrentados na utilização da prova produzida no estrangeiro, os Estatutos Federais norte-americanos, as espécies de assistência e os meios coercitivos de obtenção da prova, fazendo ainda uma análise comparativa entre os institutos da letter rogatory e do Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty. Por fim, na parte final do presente trabalho tratar-se-á especificamente da cooperação jurídica no âmbito das relações Brasil/Estados Unidos, analisando-se as outras formas de assistência entre as duas nações, o MLAT Brasil/Estados Unidos e os prós e contras na sua utilização, para, ao final, concentrarmos nossos esforços no polêmico artigo I, item 5, do Decreto n° 3.810/2001 (proibição de utilização, pela defesa, do Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty) e na busca de soluções para tão importante problema. / This paper will examine the matter of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters, between Brazil and the United States. The first part of the paper will study the general theory of international judicial cooperation, analyzing its history, concept and categories, enrolling its sources and foundations as well as the basic principles applicable to the subject, to finally examine judicial cooperation in the ambit of the European Union and MERCOSUL, and the existing judicial networks throughout the world. Following, the issue will be studied within the legal systems of both countries, Brazil and United States, each with its own peculiarities. The study of judicial cooperation within Brazilian legal system will involve the historic background, an analyzis of the laws applicable, the study of the varieties of cooperation and of the Brazilian central authority, as well as a brief incursion in cooperation networks integrated by Brazil, and in the Draft Bill for an International Judicial Cooperation Law. At the United States level, we will study the history of the subject, the main constitutional problems faced in the use of the evidence produced abroad, the American Federal Statutes, the types of assistance and the coercive means of evidence gathering, also making a comparative analyzis between letters rogatory and Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties. Finally, towards the end of the present study, we will specifically address the subject of judicial cooperation between Brazil and the United States, first analyzing the other forms of assistance between both nations, and then focusing in the MLAT between Brazil/United States and its pros and cons, to eventually aim attention at the controversial article I, item 5, of the 3.810/2001 Decree (prohibition of the use, by the defense, of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty) and in the search for solutions to such an important matter.

O presente trabalho examinará a temática da cooperação jurídica internacional em matéria penal no âmbito das relações Brasil/Estados Unidos. Na primeira parte, será abordada a teoria geral da cooperação jurídica internacional, ocasião em que se analisará o seu histórico, conceito e classificações, elencando-se as suas fontes e fundamentos, bem como os seus princípios basilares para, alfim, estudar-se a cooperação no âmbito da União Européia e do MERCOSUL e, ainda, as redes de cooperação ao redor do mundo. Em seguida, o instituto será estudado nos ordenamentos jurídicos de ambos os países, Brasil e Estados Unidos, cada qual com suas particularidades. O estudo da cooperação jurídica no Brasil envolverá a contextualização histórica do instituto, a análise dos diplomas legais aplicáveis, o estudo das espécies de cooperação e da autoridade central brasileira, e uma breve incursão nas redes de cooperação integradas pelo Brasil e no Anteprojeto de Lei de Cooperação Jurídica Internacional. No âmbito dos Estados Unidos, estudaremos o histórico do instituto, os principais problemas constitucionais enfrentados na utilização da prova produzida no estrangeiro, os Estatutos Federais norte-americanos, as espécies de assistência e os meios coercitivos de obtenção da prova, fazendo ainda uma análise comparativa entre os institutos da letter rogatory e do Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty. Por fim, na parte final do presente trabalho tratar-se-á especificamente da cooperação jurídica no âmbito das relações Brasil/Estados Unidos, analisando-se as outras formas de assistência entre as duas nações, o MLAT Brasil/Estados Unidos e os prós e contras na sua utilização, para, ao final, concentrarmos nossos esforços no polêmico artigo I, item 5, do Decreto n° 3.810/2001 (proibição de utilização, pela defesa, do Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty) e na busca de soluções para tão importante problema. / This paper will examine the matter of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters, between Brazil and the United States. The first part of the paper will study the general theory of international judicial cooperation, analyzing its history, concept and categories, enrolling its sources and foundations as well as the basic principles applicable to the subject, to finally examine judicial cooperation in the ambit of the European Union and MERCOSUL, and the existing judicial networks throughout the world. Following, the issue will be studied within the legal systems of both countries, Brazil and United States, each with its own peculiarities. The study of judicial cooperation within Brazilian legal system will involve the historic background, an analyzis of the laws applicable, the study of the varieties of cooperation and of the Brazilian central authority, as well as a brief incursion in cooperation networks integrated by Brazil, and in the Draft Bill for an International Judicial Cooperation Law. At the United States level, we will study the history of the subject, the main constitutional problems faced in the use of the evidence produced abroad, the American Federal Statutes, the types of assistance and the coercive means of evidence gathering, also making a comparative analyzis between letters rogatory and Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties. Finally, towards the end of the present study, we will specifically address the subject of judicial cooperation between Brazil and the United States, first analyzing the other forms of assistance between both nations, and then focusing in the MLAT between Brazil/United States and its pros and cons, to eventually aim attention at the controversial article I, item 5, of the 3.810/2001 Decree (prohibition of the use, by the defense, of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty) and in the search for solutions to such an important matter.

O presente trabalho examinará a temática da cooperação jurídica internacional em matéria penal no âmbito das relações Brasil/Estados Unidos. Na primeira parte, será abordada a teoria geral da cooperação jurídica internacional, ocasião em que se analisará o seu histórico, conceito e classificações, elencando-se as suas fontes e fundamentos, bem como os seus princípios basilares para, alfim, estudar-se a cooperação no âmbito da União Européia e do MERCOSUL e, ainda, as redes de cooperação ao redor do mundo. Em seguida, o instituto será estudado nos ordenamentos jurídicos de ambos os países, Brasil e Estados Unidos, cada qual com suas particularidades. O estudo da cooperação jurídica no Brasil envolverá a contextualização histórica do instituto, a análise dos diplomas legais aplicáveis, o estudo das espécies de cooperação e da autoridade central brasileira, e uma breve incursão nas redes de cooperação integradas pelo Brasil e no Anteprojeto de Lei de Cooperação Jurídica Internacional. No âmbito dos Estados Unidos, estudaremos o histórico do instituto, os principais problemas constitucionais enfrentados na utilização da prova produzida no estrangeiro, os Estatutos Federais norte-americanos, as espécies de assistência e os meios coercitivos de obtenção da prova, fazendo ainda uma análise comparativa entre os institutos da letter rogatory e do Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty. Por fim, na parte final do presente trabalho tratar-se-á especificamente da cooperação jurídica no âmbito das relações Brasil/Estados Unidos, analisando-se as outras formas de assistência entre as duas nações, o MLAT Brasil/Estados Unidos e os prós e contras na sua utilização, para, ao final, concentrarmos nossos esforços no polêmico artigo I, item 5, do Decreto n° 3.810/2001 (proibição de utilização, pela defesa, do Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty) e na busca de soluções para tão importante problema. / This paper will examine the matter of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters, between Brazil and the United States. The first part of the paper will study the general theory of international judicial cooperation, analyzing its history, concept and categories, enrolling its sources and foundations as well as the basic principles applicable to the subject, to finally examine judicial cooperation in the ambit of the European Union and MERCOSUL, and the existing judicial networks throughout the world. Following, the issue will be studied within the legal systems of both countries, Brazil and United States, each with its own peculiarities. The study of judicial cooperation within Brazilian legal system will involve the historic background, an analyzis of the laws applicable, the study of the varieties of cooperation and of the Brazilian central authority, as well as a brief incursion in cooperation networks integrated by Brazil, and in the Draft Bill for an International Judicial Cooperation Law. At the United States level, we will study the history of the subject, the main constitutional problems faced in the use of the evidence produced abroad, the American Federal Statutes, the types of assistance and the coercive means of evidence gathering, also making a comparative analyzis between letters rogatory and Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties. Finally, towards the end of the present study, we will specifically address the subject of judicial cooperation between Brazil and the United States, first analyzing the other forms of assistance between both nations, and then focusing in the MLAT between Brazil/United States and its pros and cons, to eventually aim attention at the controversial article I, item 5, of the 3.810/2001 Decree (prohibition of the use, by the defense, of the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty) and in the search for solutions to such an important matter.

Regulation of Extradition Procedure in International Law The subject of research of the thesis is the institute of extradition. The issue of extradition of persons by one state to another state with the purpose of criminal proceedings or imposition or enforcement of a sentence is very topical. Progressing process of globalization and easy ways of travelling enable perpetrators of criminal offences to hide from justice in various states. The extradition plays an important part in extradition of perpetrators of "ordinary" criminal offences as well as it is significantly instrumental in a fight against transnational organized crime, cybercriminality and other forms of transnational crimes. Cooperation of states in extradition of persons is therefore absolutely crucial in a fight against impunity of perpetrators of criminal offences. The extradition law may be divided into a material branch and a formal branch. The material extradition law analyzes conditions for granting the extradition. The formal extradition law represents an overview of procedural measures relating to the commencement of extradition proceedings, its course and its termination. The topic of the thesis is the "Extradition in International law". However, the subject of the thesis itself is narrower. The thesis focuses only on the...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Schoriza Bueno de Azevedo.pdf: 827119 bytes, checksum: 27bda2ca48ac146634a256f5f0967d34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-17 / The economic globalization brought as a result the major interdependency between the countries. This also causes the increase of litigations involving more than one legal system. In fact, more and more, the Judiciary has to effectuate foreign judgments, so it becomes necessary the international judicial cooperation. The foreign judgments can‟t be confused with the international judgments, which don‟t need recognition and are rendered by the international courts or international organizations. The foreign judgments from any nature need to be recognized by the Superior Court of Justice (Superior Tribunal de Justiça), which will analyze the presence of legal requisites. However, this affirmation is refused by doctrine and jurisprudence in cases of foreign judgments involving the person‟s status. In spite of the existence of some right points of view of the major doctrine, the problem must be reexamined considering the presence of interest, because there is no regular application of the action of recognition when it‟s not necessary to modify the status in Brazil. Also it must be emphasized that the foreign judgments or any other decisions regarding the Law 11.441/2007. Notwithstanding, it‟s necessary to regulate the recognition of foreign judgments, specially regarding the person‟s status, in order that is possible to satisfy the cooperative and globalized society / A globalização econômica trouxe como consequência maior interdependência entre os Estados. Isso também resulta em um aumento dos litígios envolvendo mais de um ordenamento jurídico. Com efeito, cada vez mais o Judiciário tem de efetivar decisões estrangeiras, sendo imprescindível recorrer aos mecanismos de cooperação jurisdicional internacional. Conveniente elucidar que as sentenças estrangeiras não se confundem com as sentenças internacionais, prolatadas por tribunais ou organismos internacionais, que dispensam qualquer ato de reconhecimento. Em vez disso, as sentenças estrangeiras proferidas pelo Judiciário estatal, para que possam surtir efeitos no Brasil, independentemente de sua natureza, precisam antes passar pelo crivo do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, que as homologará, se presentes os requisitos legais. Todavia, essa afirmação encontra refutações na doutrina e na jurisprudência com relação às sentenças estrangeiras sobre o estado das pessoas. Apesar de a posição dominante não deixar de ter seus pontos de acerto, o assunto deve ser reexaminado sob o ponto de vista do interesse, pois, quando não se pretende a alteração do estado das coisas no Brasil, faltará condição para exercício regular da ação homologatória. Merece destaque, também, a possibilidade de se dispensar de homologação as sentenças estrangeiras, ou os provimentos judiciais de natureza equivalente, relacionados à Lei nº 11.441/2007. Nada obstante, as considerações expostas não dispensam a elaboração de lei que regule a homologação de sentenças estrangeiras, especialmente no que se refere ao estado das pessoas, de forma a satisfazer a sociedade globalizada e cooperativa

Este estudo analisa a harmonização do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro com a realidade da ordem internacional globalizada sob o enfoque da solução de litígios comerciais internacionais. Parte-se da hipótese de que há uma desarmonia entre a atuação do Brasil no cenário comercial internacional e os meios disponíveis às partes para dar eficácia aos litígios transnacionais. Para verificar a veracidade desta hipótese, realiza-se um estudo prático sobre a admissibilidade pelo ordenamento brasileiro de medidas de urgência proferidas nos litígios internacionais, cujo cumprimento é requerido por carta rogatória. O estudo de caso aborda tanto a solicitação do cumprimento no Brasil de medidas de urgência proferidas em outras jurisdições quanto as medidas proferidas por tribunais arbitrais estrangeiros. A importância da cooperação jurídica internacional e as tentativas de harmonização das normas processuais no âmbito internacional, principalmente no que se refere à admissibilidade de medidas de urgência proferidas no exterior, são abordadas para demonstrar a necessidade de cooperação entre os órgãos judicantes de cada Estado para que se obtenha um resultado justo e eficaz nos litígios transnacionais, garantindo a segurança jurídica necessária às partes envolvidas no comércio internacional / This study analyses the harmonization of the Brazilian legal system with the current reality of a globalized international order. Focus is given to the resolution of international commercial litigation. The thesis established is that there is a disharmony between Brazils participation in international commerce and the methods available within Brazil to resolve efficiently the disputes arising out of such commercial relations. To verify this hypothesis, this paper analyses the admissibility and enforceability in Brazilian Courts of provisional measures issued by other courts and arbitral tribunals. The enforcement of provisional measures is usually requested by rogatory letters or letters of request. The importance of international judicial cooperation and the tentative to harmonize the norms of civil procedure in the multilateral sphere, especially with respect to provisional measures, are addressed to demonstrate the necessity of cooperation between the judicial organs of each State in order to achieve a fair and efficient result in international litigation. Only such cooperation will establish the requisite level of legal certainty necessary to facilitate the participation of Brazilian parties in the international commercial arena.

Este estudo analisa a harmonização do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro com a realidade da ordem internacional globalizada sob o enfoque da solução de litígios comerciais internacionais. Parte-se da hipótese de que há uma desarmonia entre a atuação do Brasil no cenário comercial internacional e os meios disponíveis às partes para dar eficácia aos litígios transnacionais. Para verificar a veracidade desta hipótese, realiza-se um estudo prático sobre a admissibilidade pelo ordenamento brasileiro de medidas de urgência proferidas nos litígios internacionais, cujo cumprimento é requerido por carta rogatória. O estudo de caso aborda tanto a solicitação do cumprimento no Brasil de medidas de urgência proferidas em outras jurisdições quanto as medidas proferidas por tribunais arbitrais estrangeiros. A importância da cooperação jurídica internacional e as tentativas de harmonização das normas processuais no âmbito internacional, principalmente no que se refere à admissibilidade de medidas de urgência proferidas no exterior, são abordadas para demonstrar a necessidade de cooperação entre os órgãos judicantes de cada Estado para que se obtenha um resultado justo e eficaz nos litígios transnacionais, garantindo a segurança jurídica necessária às partes envolvidas no comércio internacional / This study analyses the harmonization of the Brazilian legal system with the current reality of a globalized international order. Focus is given to the resolution of international commercial litigation. The thesis established is that there is a disharmony between Brazils participation in international commerce and the methods available within Brazil to resolve efficiently the disputes arising out of such commercial relations. To verify this hypothesis, this paper analyses the admissibility and enforceability in Brazilian Courts of provisional measures issued by other courts and arbitral tribunals. The enforcement of provisional measures is usually requested by rogatory letters or letters of request. The importance of international judicial cooperation and the tentative to harmonize the norms of civil procedure in the multilateral sphere, especially with respect to provisional measures, are addressed to demonstrate the necessity of cooperation between the judicial organs of each State in order to achieve a fair and efficient result in international litigation. Only such cooperation will establish the requisite level of legal certainty necessary to facilitate the participation of Brazilian parties in the international commercial arena.

Les États ont depuis de nombreuses années incriminé la corruption des agents publics nationaux. La crise de l'énergie de 1973 et la fin de la guerre froide de 1989 ont néanmoins stimulé l'apparition d’une forme spécifique de corruption jusqu’alors passé sous silence par les textes juridiques : la corruption d’un agent public étranger. La lutte contre la corruption des agents publics étrangers a récemment connu un essor international normatif considérable notamment avec l’entrée en vigueur de plusieurs conventions internationales à visée régionale et universelle. La genèse de cette réaction internationale est avant tout d’inspiration étatsunienne. Promulgué aux États-Unis en 1977 dans le sillage de l’affaire du Watergate, le Foreign Corrupt Practices Act fut la première loi nationale incriminant la corruption d’un agent public étranger. Cette loi est progressivement devenue la matrice des textes internationaux ultérieurs. La lutte contre la corruption internationale doit faire face aux difficultés de mise en œuvre qui sont inhérentes à l’application des conventions internationales. Il est parfois estimé que ce dispositif juridique international n’est pas toujours d’une efficacité parfaite. Un premier niveau de recherche qui consiste à opérer une analyse des textes juridiques, conduira à étudier la dimension opératoire des dispositifs en vigueur. A la lumière des avis des praticiens contemporains de lutte contre la corruption, un second niveau d’analyse complétant le premier aura pour objectif final de formuler des propositions d’amélioration des mécanismes juridiques existants en droit international positif. / States have criminalised the corruption of their national public officials for many years. The 1973 energy crisis and the end of the Cold War catalyzed however the increase of a specific form of corruption which had been until that point largely ignored by the legislators: the corruption of a foreign public official. The combat against the corruption of foreign public officials has recently witnessed major international normative developments notably with the entry into force of several international conventions at regional and global levels. The genesis of this international reaction can largely be attributed to the United States. In the wake of the Watergate scandal, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was signed into law by President Carter in 1977 becoming the first national legislation criminalising the corruption of foreign public officials. This law progressively became the template of the future international texts. The fight against this form of corruption faces many of the enforcement difficulties which are inherent to the application of international conventions. The efficacy of the international legal framework can logically be questioned. A primary analysis of the pertinent legal instruments will therefore attempt to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of this framework. In the light of the opinion of various experts in the combat against corruption, a second level of analysis which completes the first shall formulate proposals to improve the existing legal mechanisms in current international law.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-17T23:28:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 36c.pdf: 2730615 bytes, checksum: 21d0ec2d0e490826e50bd6c4b6bb57e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-17T23:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 36c.pdf: 2730615 bytes, checksum: 21d0ec2d0e490826e50bd6c4b6bb57e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / Nenhuma / O direito de integração traz consigo novas funcionalidades estatais, fomentadas pela aproximação de seus membros. Uma delas é o estreitamento das relações entre seus poderes judiciários, aumentando a necessidade de melhorar a tramitação de atos judiciais. Esta correspondência passa a ser vista como um procedimento e não mais atos de cortesia internacional. Da mesma maneira, os judiciários devem seguir os procedimentos previstos em suas Constituições nacionais, nas leis internas e nos tratados internacionais. A análise da dúvida do aplicador do direito, no caso o juiz, evidencia como o processo internacional ainda é formado por uma multiplicidade complexa de normas, que deve ser interpretada no sentido de se buscar a eficácia e a economia processuais em detrimento da soberania judiciária, típica do modelo clássico. A pesquisa será conduzida através do método dedutivo, com uso de pesquisa bibliográfica nacional e estrangeira, descrevendo os modelos jurídicos internos dos países-membros do Mercosul e também das normas internacionais, traçando um paralelo com o modelo jurídico europeu. O instrumento processual utilizado para análise crítica são as cartas rogatórias que no Mercosul, tiveram sua função processual ampliada para matérias que antes eram naturais da homologação de sentenças estrangeiras. Tais inovações transformaram as rogatórias em mais importante instrumento processual, enquanto a lide está em curso, mas contrariamente não possui normas processuais claras de como devam ser cumpridas. O tratamento simplista que é dado termina com a criação de uma categoria única de rogatórias, enquanto deveriam haver ao menos três: as rogatórias executórias, de comunicação de atos processuais e de produção de provas. Cada uma delas deveria ter um rito próprio devido à necessidade de se facilitar o curso destas medidas, forçando a repensar o modelo processual vigente e, especificamente, propor algumas mudanças nas normas mercosulinas para harmonizar as normas de processo civil internacional, na tentativa de ordenar a multiplicidade normativa hoje existente. / Regional integration brings with it new State functionalities, stimulated by its members approximation. One of those is the tightening of relations among its judiciaries, amplifying the need to improve the processing of judicial acts. This correspondence turns to be a new due process, not courtesy acts anymore. Similarly, judiciaries must follow the processing must follow its Constitution, its local law, and treaties. The analysis of the question of the operator of law, in this case the judge, shows how the international process still consists of a multitude of complex rules that must be interpreted to seek procedural efficiency and economy at the expense of judicial sovereignty, typical the classical model. The research will be conducted through the deductive method, using national and international literature, describing the internal legal models of Mercosul State Parties and international laws, drawing a parallel with the European legal model. The procedural act used for review are the letters rogatory of Mercosul, which had his role expanded to procedural matters that were by its nature belonged to the foreign judgments. Such innovations transformed letters rogatory in the most important processing act while the procedure is in motion, but on the other hand, it doesn't have clear procedural rules on how it should be fulfilled. The simplistic treatment that is given to the matter, turns to create a new and uniform category of letters rogatory, while they should have at least three: enforcement letters, communication of procedural acts and taking evidence abroad. Each one should have its own procedure by reason of the need to ease the course of these measures, forcing to rethink the current process model and, specifically, to propose some changes in Mercosul laws to harmonize the international civil proceedings in an attempt to order the legal multitude that exists today.

Depuis la fin du XXème siècle, le nombre d'enquêtes et de procédures judiciaires civiles et criminelles internationales a considérablement augmenté à cause de la mondialisation de l'économie et de la facilité de transport de personnes et de biens. Toutefois, les normes de coopération juridique internationale, y compris celles existantes entre la France et le Brésil, n'ont pas accompagné cette évolution. En réalité, l'assistance juridique internationale a toujours faiblement fonctionné à cause, notamment, de la défense rigoureuse de la souveraineté étatique, de l'absence de confiance mutuelle et de coordination entre les pays. La distribution de pouvoirs dans la communauté internationale est faite horizontalement, de sorte que les normes d'assistance entre les États sont marquées par la décentralisation et le particularisme. Dans la plupart des régions du monde, l'accomplissement des demandes d'entraide judiciaire est lent et bureaucratisé, en dépit de la signature de nombreux traités bilatéraux et de conventions régionales et mondiales. L'extradition est encore réalisée presque selon la même formule inventée par les égyptiens et les hittites en 1280 av. J.-C .. La commission rogatoire, dont les racines se retrouvent dans les systèmes de la litterœ publicœ romaine et de la lettre de pareatis française, est encore le principal outil d'entraide civile et pénale. Quelques normes qui peuvent être classées comme de première génération prévoient encore l'utilisation de la voie diplomatique indirecte. Les règles de deuxième génération, créées, notamment, à partir de la fin du XXème siècle, ont amélioré la transmission de demandes, à travers les autorités centrales, mais ne résolvent pas tous les problèmes. En fait, seules les normes de l'Union européenne sont véritablement de troisième génération, parce qu'elles privilégient l'envoi direct de demandes d'entraide civile et pénale, la rapide exécution du mandat d'arrêt européen et l'accomplissement d'une grande quantité de jugements civils sans exequatur ou autre procédure intermédiaire. Les normes de coopération juridique franco-brésiliennes, qui découlent des conventions signées en 1996, sont aujourd'hui dépassées et anachroniques. Les règles de droit interne des deux pays qui visent l'assistance internationale sont franchement plus généreuses et plus efficaces que les règles d'origine conventionnelle. L'élaboration de nouvelles conventions surgit ainsi comme une solution envisageable, malgré les énormes défis politiques et juridiques. Évidemment, les conventions éventuellement parrainées par les Nations Unies ou par la Conférence de La Haye qui traitent de la coopération juridique directe semblent plus appropriées à une résolution plus ample des principales questions. Mais rien n'empêche la conclusion de textes régionaux, inter-régionaux ou même bilatéraux, mais leur étendue serait plus restreinte. / Since the end of the twentieth century, the number of international investigations and legal proceedings in civil and criminal matters has grown considerably due to the globalization of the economy and the ease of transportation of people and goods. Nevertheless, the international legal cooperation rules and regulations, including those between France and Brazil, have not kept up with this evolution. In fact, the international legal cooperation has always been flawed, mostly as a result of the rigorous defense of state sovereignty and the lack of mutual trust and coordination among countries. The authority distribution in the international community is made horizontally, thus the norms of assistance among States are marked by decentralization and particularism. In most regions of the world, the enforcement of legal cooperation claims is slow and bureaucratized, despite numerous treaties and bilateral, regional or international conventions. Extradition is still carried out in accordance with practically the same formula invented by the Egyptians and Hittites in 1280 B.C .. The letter of request, which springs from the Roman litterœ publicœ and the French lettre de pareatis, is still the major tool of civil and criminal legal cooperation. Some standards, regarded as first-generation, stipulate the use of indirect diplomatic ways. The second-generation norms established mostly at the end of the twentieth century have improved the transmission of demands through central authorit1es but have not solved all the problems. In fact, only the European Union norms are truly third-generation, since they favor the straight submission of civil and criminal legal cooperation claims, the swift execution of the European arrest warrant and the execution of a large number of civil judgments, with no exequatur or any other intermediate procedure. The French-Brazilian legal cooperation rules, which stem from conventions signed in 1996, are outdated and anachronistic. The rules of internal law of the countries that pursue international cooperation are utterly more generous and effective than those of conventional origin. The elaboration of new conventions thus arises as a significant solution, despite the enormous political and juridical challenges. Naturally, prospective conventions sponsored by the United Nations or by The Hague Convention concerning: direct legal cooperation seem more suitable to a comprehensive solution of the main issues. However, nothing precludes the conclusion of regional, interregional and bilateral texts, even though these will have a smaller reach.