<p>Background: The Uppsala model is the most accepted paradigm regarding the internationalisation process of the firm. This thesis tries to complement the Uppsala model with Porter's theories regarding internationalisation. </p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to study to what extent the Uppsala model is applicable to a small manufacturing firm, and to see if the theory, combined with the Porterian framework, can provide a more solid framework for the description of the internationalisation process of the firm. </p><p>Method: The master thesis is based on one personal interview with the CEO of the study object, Bukowski design. </p><p>Results: The internationalisation process of the firm can to some extent be explained using the Uppsala model. It is, however, valuable to complete the picture with, for example, Porter’s theories, that permit a deeper understanding.</p>

Background: The Uppsala model is the most accepted paradigm regarding the internationalisation process of the firm. This thesis tries to complement the Uppsala model with Porter's theories regarding internationalisation. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to study to what extent the Uppsala model is applicable to a small manufacturing firm, and to see if the theory, combined with the Porterian framework, can provide a more solid framework for the description of the internationalisation process of the firm. Method: The master thesis is based on one personal interview with the CEO of the study object, Bukowski design. Results: The internationalisation process of the firm can to some extent be explained using the Uppsala model. It is, however, valuable to complete the picture with, for example, Porter’s theories, that permit a deeper understanding.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

蘇聯解體以後，中共對西方的戰略價值隨之下降，世界由兩極走向多極化，中共從1978年採取經濟改革路線，從階級鬥爭到發展生產力為中心，從內部封閉到對外開放，從追求平均到追求富裕，每一階段過程均代表著經濟成長的軌跡與意義，中共摸著石頭過河從過去苦難中所得之經驗教訓，在改革的實踐中學習改革，隨著改革深入逐步地接近目標，以市場經濟取代毛澤東主義的平均式經濟政策，經濟競爭取代了軍備競賽，已逐漸成為經濟大國。中共要謀求發展，擺脫貧窮落後就必須改革開放，沒有經濟作基礎的世界大國，地位不可能持久，沒有軍事力量的經濟大國，做不了世界大國，中共不能走沒有條件的軍事優先道路，只能走經濟優先發展，在經濟發展的基礎上提高軍事力量的路。 經濟全球化的趨勢，給世界經濟發展和國際合作帶來巨大的動力，也使國際競爭更加激烈，面臨更多風險和挑戰，中共如何利用國際合作與競爭中的機遇，化解風險推進現代化建設，關係到根本的國家利益。十六大提出全面建設小康社會，為中共的發展提供了機會，為了避免衝突，和平發展最符合國家利益，最能被鄰國、大國接受，化解可能的衝突與矛盾。 國際社會對中共正在崛起懷有不同的心態，一種是中國威脅論，擔憂未來中共強大威脅地區的安全，一種是中國崩潰論，唱衰中國，另一種是中國機遇論，希望搭乘中共的經濟快車共謀發展，國際社會對崛起的中國心態是複雜的，如何使國際社會化阻力為助力，關鍵在於和平發展為中共的國際戰略抉擇。 台灣不可能甩掉大陸而找到台灣出路，大陸亦不可能採取玉石俱焚的手段來解決台灣問題，兩岸必須降低彼此敵意，藉經貿交流，以務實態度突破困境，企能從和平解決台海問題，建構一個可長可久共創雙贏的局面，為兩岸人民謀求最大的福祉。 關鍵詞：國際戰略、和平崛起、市場經濟 / The PRC’s （Peoples’ Republic of China ）strategic value had been descending toward western society following the break down of the Soviet Union. The world had been led from bipolar to multi-polar. PRC took the opportunity to reform its economy, changing the core of economy from class struggle to productive orientation, open policy versus close policy, seeking wellness instead of fair income. Every phase represented the trace and meaning of economical growth. PRC adopts try-and-error methods, learned experience from past adversities and approaches object by reforms. Beijing accepts market economy which replace Mao, Ze-Don’s (毛澤東) thinking of an even economy. Economical competition replace arms race which made Beijing to become economically powerful in the world. In order to pursue wellness and get rid of poverty, Beijing was forced to conduct economical reform because PRC knows that she can’t be a powerful nation without economical backbone. Thus, PRC choose reforming economy over building up her military power. The trend of globalization in economy provides a great momentum for world economical development and transnational cooperation. In addition, it has made the competition even worse than before. How PRC make use of the opportunity of international cooperation and competition to solve risks and to push modern construction correlate her national interest. The sixteenth convention brought out a family of comfortable means intention, offered an opportunity for development, avoid conflicts, and conform to national interest by building close tie with her neighbor country. The international society has a different view on the rise of PRC. They have many aspects towards China; one is threat of China, which endangers the region safety. The other is the collapse of China, which by saying that Beijing might tumble in future. Finally, the opportunity for China, the neighboring nations would take this opportunity to grow with China. It is very complicated when the international society concerns about China, how to turn the resistance into assistance. The key is to build up with peaceful development. Taiwan can’t find a road by breaking away with PRC and PRC can’t resolve Taiwan issue by crushing together. Both China and Taiwan should give up hostile and provocative attitude. Develop economical exchange to breach the conflicts so as to peacefully resolve the cross strait problem and create a win-win situation. Key word : international strategy, rise in peace, marketing economy.

A evolução da sociedade no último século trouxe consigo uma mudança de paradigma na gestão organizacional, percebida pelos próprios pesquisadores de avaliação de empresas: o valor de uma companhia não está sendo corretamente representado em seu Patrimônio Líquido, uma vez que uma parcela significativa de seus ativos é constituída de itens intangíveis não gerados de uma base transacional histórica. Esta dissertação buscou, portanto apresentar o interelacionamento entre ativos intangíveis e economia industrial dentro de um contexto de mudanças organizacionais percebidas nos últimos anos. / The evolution of society in the last century has brought a change in the paradigm of organizational management, which is perceived by company evaluation researchers: the real value of a company is not being truly represented by its Equity Capital, since a significant deal of its assets involves intangible items that do not come from a historical transactional basis. This dissertation has tried, therefore, to present the relationship between intangible assets and industrial economy in the context of the organizational changes seen in the last few years.

A evolução da sociedade no último século trouxe consigo uma mudança de paradigma na gestão organizacional, percebida pelos próprios pesquisadores de avaliação de empresas: o valor de uma companhia não está sendo corretamente representado em seu Patrimônio Líquido, uma vez que uma parcela significativa de seus ativos é constituída de itens intangíveis não gerados de uma base transacional histórica. Esta dissertação buscou, portanto apresentar o interelacionamento entre ativos intangíveis e economia industrial dentro de um contexto de mudanças organizacionais percebidas nos últimos anos. / The evolution of society in the last century has brought a change in the paradigm of organizational management, which is perceived by company evaluation researchers: the real value of a company is not being truly represented by its Equity Capital, since a significant deal of its assets involves intangible items that do not come from a historical transactional basis. This dissertation has tried, therefore, to present the relationship between intangible assets and industrial economy in the context of the organizational changes seen in the last few years.

A evolução da sociedade no último século trouxe consigo uma mudança de paradigma na gestão organizacional, percebida pelos próprios pesquisadores de avaliação de empresas: o valor de uma companhia não está sendo corretamente representado em seu Patrimônio Líquido, uma vez que uma parcela significativa de seus ativos é constituída de itens intangíveis não gerados de uma base transacional histórica. Esta dissertação buscou, portanto apresentar o interelacionamento entre ativos intangíveis e economia industrial dentro de um contexto de mudanças organizacionais percebidas nos últimos anos. / The evolution of society in the last century has brought a change in the paradigm of organizational management, which is perceived by company evaluation researchers: the real value of a company is not being truly represented by its Equity Capital, since a significant deal of its assets involves intangible items that do not come from a historical transactional basis. This dissertation has tried, therefore, to present the relationship between intangible assets and industrial economy in the context of the organizational changes seen in the last few years.

The aim of this master thesis is to define fast fashion and fast fashion retailing, and describe specifics of their business activities with deep focus on the Czech market. The theoretical part reviews literature dealing with international strategy and management and fashion and fast fashion retailing. The empirical part then focuses on real-life business cases. In order to illustrate the behaviour of fast fashion retailers on the Czech market, a case study method is employed. The attention is narrowed on three chosen fast fashion retailers MANGO, Zara and H&M. The separate case studies on MANGO, Zara and H&M focus on retailers' presence in the Czech market. The retailers' position on the market and strategies are then compared with the aim to identify the most successful fast fashion retailer and verify whether the hypothesis that the first mover to the market gains the competitive advantage is true for the chosen fast fashion retailers in the Czech market. Further, the work tries to find possible factors of the retailers' success in the Czech market.

In the wake of globalization, an increasing amount of firms must consider internationalization strategies to remain competitive. The strategic decision of where to expand is complex by nature. This is particularly true for retailers, and despite this being generally accepted, relatively little is in fact known about retailers ́ choice of foreign markets. Hence, this study investigates international market selection (IMS) strategies of Swedish retailers with global operations. The purpose of this study is twofold; first, to explore which criteria Swedish retailers use upon making international market selection decisions and investigate the relative importance among these criteria. Second, to assess the possibilities of creating a weighted IMS model for retailers, which can be use as guidance for marketing practitioners. The research questions which will be answered are: How do Swedish international retailers select foreign markets? What are the possibilities of creating a weighted IMS model for retailers? The study embraces a qualitative strategy with an exploratory research approach and a multiple case study design. Through extensive literature review, a conceptual framework is constructed, and subsequently developed, post gaining insight in practitioners’ reasoning. The empirical data was gathered through interviews with managers of Swedish retailers with international presence, as well as strategy consultants who routinely work with strategy conformation for Swedish retailers. Our findings show that criteria which influence IMS decisions among Swedish retailers are quite similar among firms and can be arranged under three main categories; market attractiveness, psychic distance and internal factors. Moreover, as a result of the empirical findings, we suggest previous IMS research lack one important factor which influences the IMS decisions, namely “gut-feeling”/coincidence. The relative importance among factors proved to vary among firms. Consequently, four concepts aiming at explaining the variations were developed. The four concepts include firm size, firm objective, industry of the firm, and ownership structure. Finally, with support from respondents, we arrived at a conclusion suggesting that construction of a weighted IMS model for all types of retailers is unfeasible. However, if the scope is limited to only include firms of similar characteristics as proposed by the four concepts, such model could potentially yield solid validity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monique_Fernandes_dos_ Santos_ Aragao.pdf: 1698137 bytes, checksum: 650f6195d335893b30d038c4a58381c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-23 / Entre uma gama de possíveis escolhas estratégicas para diversos países do mundo, o Banco do Brasil S.A. maior banco estatal brasileiro optou por incrementar, via aquisição, suas posições no mercado bancário argentino, em 2009. A partir desta constatação, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal compreender quais foram os fatores determinantes para que o Banco do Brasil tomasse a decisão estratégica de incrementar, via aquisição de um banco, sua posição na Argentina, em detrimento de mercados de maior porte e potencial econômico. Adicionalmente o trabalho analisa as influências do ambiente institucional Argentino no processo de internacionalização do banco para aquele país. O referencial teórico se baseia nas teorias clássicas de internacionalização de empresas e suas aplicações à internacionalização de bancos, com estudos feitos principalmente em economias desenvolvidas e com bancos privados. Através de um estudo de caso único, este trabalho levanta especificidades e idiossincrasias presentes na internacionalização de um banco estatal de grande porte, a partir de um país emergente para outro país emergente. A aquisição de um banco na Argentina foi a primeira investida deste tipo para o Banco do Brasil que, desde 1941 vinha praticando uma internacionalização baseada na abertura de escritórios, agências e estabelecimento de subsidiárias no exterior. Esta pesquisa demonstra quais foram os fatores determinantes para esta mudança no comportamento estratégico de internacionalização: A vontade do governo à época como acionista controlador, a crise financeira internacional, os movimentos dos concorrentes e consequente necessidade de proteção da base de clientes e as limitações impostas pelo modelo de crescimento orgânico. Após a tomada de decisão de alteração no modo de entrada, o banco optou por analisar possíveis mercados na América do Sul. Foram fatores determinantes para este recorte geográfico: O gigantismo do BB na região, a pretensão do acionista controlador e a menor distância psíquica percebida em relação a outras regiões geográficas. Já a opção pela Argentina, para implementação da estratégia de aquisição, teve como fatores determinantes: a menor distância psíquica percebida, a presença de empresas brasileiras, a necessidade de proteção da base de clientes, o fluxo comercial, o potencial do agronegócio no país, fatores geopolíticos, o retorno sobre o investimento e a experiência prévia no mercado Argentino. Após analisadas as influências do ambiente institucional argentino no processo de internacionalização do Banco para aquele país, encontrou-se que o BB, sendo uma empresa proveniente de um país emergente, acredita que sabe lidar com ambientes instáveis. Adicionalmente, os executivos da instituição acreditam no fortalecimento das instituições Argentinas no longo prazo.