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Am 29. und 30. November 2012 fand am Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Softwaresystemtechnik GmbH in Potsdam der 5. Deutsche IPv6 Gipfel 2012 statt, als dessen Dokumentation der vorliegende technische Report dient. Wie mit den vorhergegangenen nationalen IPv6 Gipfeln verfolgte der Deutsche IPv6-Rat auch mit dem 5. Gipfel, der unter dem Motto „IPv6- der Wachstumstreiber für die Deutsche Wirtschaft” stand, das Ziel, Einblicke in aktuelle Entwicklungen rund um den Einsatz von IPv6 zu geben. Unter anderem wurden die Vorzüge des neue Internetstandards IPv6 vorgestellt und über die Anwendung von IPv6 auf dem Massenmarkt, sowie den Einsatz von IPv6 in Unternehmen und in der öffentlichen Verwaltung referiert. Weitere Themen des Gipfels bezogen sich auf Aktionen und Bedingungen in Unternehmen und Privathaushalten, die für den Umstieg auf IPv6 notwendig sind und welche Erfahrungen dabei bereits gesammelt werden konnten. Neben Vorträgen des Bundesbeauftragten für Datenschutz Peter Schaar und des Geschäftsführers der Technik Telekom Deutschland GmbH, Bruno Jacobfeuerborn, wurden weiteren Beiträge hochrangiger Vertretern aus Politik, Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft präsentiert, die in diesem technischen Bericht zusammengestellt sind. / The 5th German IPv6 Summit took place at the Hasso Plattner Institute for Software System Engineering in Potsdam at November 29-30, 2012. This technical report is summarizing the talks and presentations and serves as a documentation of the summit. Like with previous IPv6 summits, the goal of this summit was to present current developments concerning the implementation of the new IPv6 technology from political and economic perspectives, as well as from a technological point of view. According to the motto "IPv6- der Wachstumstreiber für die Deutsche Wirtschaft", the advantages of the new Internet standards have been presented. Furthermore the application of IPv6 in industry, politics and administration has been discussed. The actions and procedures have been identified, which have to be applied for the change to IPv6 in industry and private households and gained experiences have been discussed. Besides presentations of the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection, Peter Schaar and Bruno Jacob Feuerborn, CTO at Deutsche Telekom, the summit was complemented by talks and presentations of high-ranking representatives from industry, government, and research.

Am 1. und 2. Dezember 2011 fand am Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Softwaresystemtechnik GmbH in Potsdam der 4. Deutsche IPv6 Gipfel 2011 statt, dessen Dokumentation der vorliegende technische Report dient. Wie mit den vorhergegangenen nationalen IPv6-Gipfeln verfolgte der Deutsche IPv6-Rat auch mit dem 4. Gipfel, der unter dem Motto „Online on the Road - Der neue Standard IPv6 als Treiber der mobilen Kommunikation” stand, das Ziel, Einblicke in aktuelle Entwicklungen rund um den Einsatz von IPv6 diesmal mit einem Fokus auf die automobile Vernetzung zu geben. Gleichzeitig wurde betont, den effizienten und flächendeckenden Umstieg auf IPv6 voranzutreiben, Erfahrungen mit dem Umstieg auf und dem Einsatz von IPv6 auszutauschen, Wirtschaft und öffentliche Verwaltung zu ermutigen und motivieren, IPv6-basierte Lösungen einzusetzen und das öffentliche Problembewusstsein für die Notwendigkeit des Umstiegs auf IPv6 zu erhöhen. Ehrengast war in diesem Jahr die EU-Kommissarin für die Digitale Agenda, Neelie Kroes deren Vortrag von weiteren Beiträgen hochrangiger Vertretern aus Politik, Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft ergänzt wurde. / This technical report is summarizing the talks and presentations of the 4th German IPv6 Summit 2011 at the Hasso Plattner Institute for Software System Engineering in Potsdam on December 1./2. 2011. The goal of this summit was to present current developments concerning the implementation of the new IPv6 technology from political and economic perspectives, as well as from a technological point of view. According to the motto 'Online on the Road - The New Technology Standard IPv6 as Driving Force for Mobile Communications" this year's focus was on automobile networking and communication. This year's guest of honor was EU commissioner for Digital Agenda Neelie Kroes. Besides her, the conference was complemented by talks and presentations of high-ranking representatives from industry, government, and research.

Les protocoles historiques d’Internet (TCP/IP) qui servaient à interconnecter les tous premiers ordinateurs ne sont plus adaptés à la diffusion massive de contenus qui en est fait aujourd’hui. De nouveaux protocoles réseau centrés sur les contenus (Information-Centric Networking) sont actuellement conçus pour optimiser ces échanges en pariant sur un changement de paradigme où les contenus, plutôt que les machines sont adressables à l’échelle d’Internet. Cependant, un tel changement ne peut se faire que progressivement et si tous les impératifs opérationnels sont assurés. Ainsi, cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier et de lever les principaux verrous technologiques empêchant l’adoption du protocole NDN (Name Data Networking) par les opérateur en garantissant la sécurité, les performances, l’interopérabilité, la bonne gestion et le déploiement automatisé d’un réseau NDN. Dans un premier temps, nous évaluons les performances actuelles d’un réseau NDN à l’aide d’un outil de notre conception, ndnperf, et constatons le coût élevé pour un serveur utilisant ce protocole. Puis nous proposons un ensemble de solutions pour améliorer l’efficacité d’un serveur NDN pouvant être jusqu’à 6,4 fois plus efficient que les paramètres de base. Ensuite nous nous intéressons à la sécurité de NDN à travers l’évaluation de l’attaque par empoisonnement de contenus, connue pour être critique mais jamais caractérisée. Cette étude se base sur deux scénarios, en utilisant un serveur et un client pour effectuer la pollution, ou en exploitant une faille dans le traitement des paquets au niveau du routeur. Nous montrons ainsi la dangerosité de l’attaque et proposons une correction de la faille la permettant. Dans un troisième temps, nous cherchons à adapter le protocole HTTP pour qu’il puisse être transporté sur un réseau NDN à des fins d’interopérabilité. Pour ce faire, nous avons développé deux passerelles qui effectuent les conversions nécessaires pour qu’un contenu web puisse rentrer ou sortir d’un réseau NDN. Après avoir décrit notre solution, nous l’évaluons et l’améliorons afin de pouvoir bénéficier d’une fonctionnalité majeure de NDN, à savoir la mise en cache des contenus dans le réseau à hauteur de 61,3% lors de tests synthétiques et 25,1% lors de simulations de navigation avec plusieurs utilisateurs utilisant une loi Zipf de paramètre 1,5. Pour finir, nous proposons une architecture à base de microservices virtualisés et orchestrés pour le déploiement du protocole NDN en suivant le paradigme NFV (Network Function Virtualization). Les sept microservices présentés reprennent soit une fonction atomique du routeur, soit proposent un nouveau service spécifique. Ces fonctions peuvent ensuite être chaînées pour constituer un réseau optimisé. Cette architecture est orchestrée à l’aide d’un manager qui nous permet de pleinement tirer parti des avantages des microservices comme la mise à l’échelle des composants les plus lents ou encore le changement dynamique de topologie en cas d’attaque.Une telle architecture, associée aux contributions précédentes, permettrait un déploiement rapide du protocole NDN, notamment grâce à un développement facilité des fonctions, à l’exécution sur du matériel conventionnel, ou encore grâce à la flexibilité qu’offre ce type d’architecture. / Internet historical protocols (TCP/IP) that were used to interconnect the very first comput-ers are no longer suitable for the massive distribution of content that is now being made. New content-based network protocols (Information-Centric Networking) are currently being designed to optimize these exchanges by betting on a paradigm shift where content, rather than machines, are addressable across the Internet. However, such a change can only be made gradually and if all operational imperatives are met. Thus, this thesis aims to study and remove the main tech-nological obstacles preventing the adoption of the NDN (Name Data Networking) protocol by operators by guaranteeing the security, performance, interoperability, proper management and automated deployment of an NDN network. First, we evaluate the current performance of an NDN network thanks to a tool we made, named ndnperf, and observe the high cost for a provider delivering fresh content using this protocol. Then, we propose some optimizations to improve the efficiency of packet generation up to 6.4 times better than the default parameters. Afterwards, we focus on the security of the NDN protocol with the evaluation of the content poisoning attack, known as the second more critical attack on NDN, but never truly characterized. Our study is based on two scenarios, with the usage of a malicious user and content provider, or by exploiting a flaw we found in the packet processing flow of the NDN router. Thus, we show the danger of this kind of attacks and propose a software fix to prevent the most critical scenario. Thirdly, we are trying to adapt the HTTP protocol in a way so that it can be transported on an NDN network for interoperability purposes. To do this, we designed an adaptation protocol and developed two gateways that perform the necessary conversions so that web content can seamlessly enter or exit an NDN network. After describing our solution, we evaluate and improve it in order to make web content benefit from a major NDN feature, the in-network caching, and show up to 61.3% cache-hit ratio in synthetic tests and 25.1% in average for browsing simulations with multiple users using a Zipf law of parameter 1.5. Finally, we propose a virtualized and orchestrated microservice architecture for the deploy-ment of an NDN network following the Network Fonction Virtualization (NFV) paradigm. We developed seven microservices that represent either an atomic function of the NDN router or a new one for specific purposes. These functions can then be chained to constitute a full-fledged network. Our architecture is orchestrated with the help of a manager that allows it to take the full advantages of the microservices like scaling the bottleneck functions or dynamically change the topology for the current needs (an attack for example). Our architecture, associated with our other contributions on performance, security and in-teroperability, allows a better and more realistic deployment of NDN, especially with an easier development of new features, a network running on standard hardware, and the flexibility allowed by this kind of architecture.

The well-known Dijkstra's algorithm uses weights to determine the shortest path. The focus here is instead on the opposite problem, does there exist weights for a certain set of shortest paths? OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is one of several possible protocols that determines how routers will send data in a network like the internet. Network operators would however like to have some control of how the traffic is routed, and being able to determine the weights, which would lead to the desired shortest paths to be used, would be a help in this task.The first part of this thesis is a mathematical explanation of the problem with a lot of examples to make it easier to understand. The focus here is on trying to combine several routing patterns into one, so that the result will be fewer, but more fully spanned, routing patterns, and it can e.g. be shown that there can't exist a common set of weights if two routing patterns can't be combined.The second part is a program that can be used to make several tests and changes to a set of routing patterns. It has a polynomial implementation of a function that can combine routing patterns. The examples that I used to combine routing patterns, showed that this will increase the likelihood of finding and significantly speed up the computation of a “valid cycle”. / Egentligen 30p/45hp, men det fanns inte som alternativ.

<p>The well-known Dijkstra's algorithm uses weights to determine the shortest path. The focus here is instead on the opposite problem, does there exist weights for a certain set of shortest paths? OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is one of several possible protocols that determines how routers will send data in a network like the internet. Network operators would however like to have some control of how the traffic is routed, and being able to determine the weights, which would lead to the desired shortest paths to be used, would be a help in this task.The first part of this thesis is a mathematical explanation of the problem with a lot of examples to make it easier to understand. The focus here is on trying to combine several routing patterns into one, so that the result will be fewer, but more fully spanned, routing patterns, and it can e.g. be shown that there can't exist a common set of weights if two routing patterns can't be combined.The second part is a program that can be used to make several tests and changes to a set of routing patterns. It has a polynomial implementation of a function that can combine routing patterns. The examples that I used to combine routing patterns, showed that this will increase the likelihood of finding and significantly speed up the computation of a “valid cycle”.</p> / Egentligen 30p/45hp, men det fanns inte som alternativ.

Traditionally, communication systems have been dominated by voice applications. Today with the emergence of smartphones, focus has shifted towards packet switched networks. The Internet provides a wide variety of services such as video streaming, web browsing, e-mail etc, and IP trac models are needed in all stages of product development, from early research to system tests. In this thesis, we propose a multi-level model of IP traffic where the user behavior and the actual IP traffic generated from different services are considered as being two independent random processes. The model is based on observations of IP packet header logs from live networks. In this way models can be updated to reflect the ever changing service and end user equipment usage. Thus, the work can be divided into two parts. The first part is concerned with modeling the traffic from different services. A subscriber is interested in enjoying the services provided on the Internet and traffic modeling should reflect the characteristics of these services. An underlying assumption is that different services generate their own characteristic pattern of data. The FFT is used to analyze the packet traces. We show that the traces contains strong periodicities and that some services are more or less deterministic. For some services this strong frequency content is due to the characteristics of cellular network and for other it is actually a programmed behavior of the service. The periodicities indicate that there are strong correlations between individual packets or bursts of packets. The second part is concerned with the user behavior, i.e. how the users access the different services in time. We propose a model based on a Markov renewal process and estimate the model parameters. In order to evaluate the model we compare it to two simpler models. We use model selection, using the model's ability to predict future observations as selection criterion. We show that the proposed Markov renewal model is the best of the three models in this sense. The model selection framework can be used to evaluate future models.

Today the internet is a world wide web connecting billions of devices. All these devices need an IP-address to be able to communicate with one another. With the current version of the internet protocol, IPv4, the address space is limited. To solve this problem a transition to the latest version, IPv6, has begun. But the transition is going slowly partly because of a temporary solution called NAT, Network Addressing Translation. With the help of interviews with highly appointed employees from large IT companies in Sweden, this study examines the impact of factors other than NAT that are affecting the speed of the transition, and why a technically advanced country like Sweden is so far behind in this process. The results show that the demand of the consumers is not high enough and that cost versus incentives is not balanced well enough for a transition to go quicker. But in time the speed will increase and further research could perhaps help the speed of the transition grow. / Idag är internet världsomspännande och miljarder av enheter är uppkopplade. Alla dessa enheter behöver en IP-adress för att kommunicera med varandra. Med den nuvarande versionen av internetprotokollet, IPv4, är adressrymden begränsad. För att lösa detta problem har en övergång till den senaste versionen, IPv6, påbörjats. Övergången går dock långsamt bland annat på grund av en temporär lösning kallad NAT, Network Addressing Translation. Med hjälp av intervjuer med högt uppsatta anställda på IT-företag i Sverige undersöker denna studie faktorer utöver NAT som påverkar hastigheten för övergången, och varför ett tekniskt avancerat land som Sverige ligger så långt efter med sin övergångsprocess. Resultaten visar att efterfrågan hos konsumenter inte är hög nog och att kostnad kontra incitament inte är tillräckligt välbalanserat för att övergången ska gå fortare. Med tiden kommer dock hastigheten att öka och vidare forskning skulle kunna hjälpa till att öka hastigheten för övergången ytterligare.

Traffic Engineering (TE) is the stage which deals with geometric design planning and traffic operation of networks, network devices and relationship of routers for the transportation of data. TE is that feature of network engineering which concentrate on problems of performance optimization of operational networks. It involves techniques and application of knowledge to gain performance objectives, which includes movement of data through network, reliability, planning of network capacity and efficient use of network resources. This thesis addresses the problems of traffic engineering and suggests a solution by using the concept of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS). We have done simulation in Matlab environment to compare the performance of MPLS against the IP network in a simulated environment. MPLS is a modern technique for forwarding network data. It broadens routing according to path controlling and packet forwarding. In this thesis MPLS is computed on the basis of its performance, efficiency for sending data from source to destination. A MATLAB based simulation tool is developed to compare MPLS with IP network in a simulated environment. The results show the performance of MPLS network in comparison of IP network. / YASSAR AZIZ, +46 73 9135296 MUHAMMAD NAEEM ASLAM +46 70 4918985