This thesis describes linguistic interpretation in the context of interpretation of law, that is defined either as discipline of law, either as social discipline. In linguistic interpretation plays basic role linguistic interpretation. In the chapter that follows the chapter with description of the linguistic interpretation and its specifics in interpretation of law, the author puts linguistic interpretation among the other methods of interpretation. Although she admits the opinion of The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, that linguistic interpretation is only the first approach to the text, she looks for argumentation that disproves this opinion. She finds one of possible arguments, when she relativizes enumeration of linguistics disciplines, because of pragmatics. Pragmatics as a linguistic discipline is not in this enumeration. The author says, that the reason is, that pragmatics would change meaning and understanding of the linguistic interpretation, bescause of presence of context as a common factor in pragmatics and in the teleological interpretation. The fourth chapter describes legal language as an object of the linguistic interpretation and also as an instrument of lawmakers. Author finds a reason for necessity of the linguistic interpretation in the fact, that lawmakers don't...

SUMMARY: Linguistic interpretation of a legal text in philosophical contexts Keywords: philosophy of law, interpretation of law, language interpretation The thesis deals in a broader sense of the word with interpretation of legal texts and in the strict sense of the word with language interpretation itself. At the beginning of my thesis I explain why this is so particularly topical and problematic issue in the contemporary law. The reason is mainly the fact that because of many changes and events the modern law is more complex and extensive than in the past. This naturally leads to the question how to interpret such law. The aim of the thesis was to compare the relationship of law and language in the context of analytical philosophy, which was one of the most influential intellectual movements of the 20th century. The language is a paradigm of many scientific theories nowadays and as such deserves more intention of lawyers. I focused mainly on the role of meaning of words used for interpretation. In particular, I discussed the issue whether a legal term can name a thing. The most important finding of my thesis is the following one: No, things can not be named by meaning of the individual expressions. To prove the theory the thesis also deals with some other philosophical issues. Chapter VIII, for...

The problem at issue and importance of the topic The subject at issue is specified in essence in the title of the thesis, it is the principles of law, their theoretical concept and consolidation of this concept in legal practice, i.e. constitutional jurisprudence. The elements of the concept of the principles of law are considered to be: a general theoretical definition of the principles, a linguistic notion of the principles of law, the basic features of their expression in a legal text, the role and meaning of the principles of law in the general system of standards of perfect behaviour, which are attributed to law, as well as functions of the principles of law in the legal process, and the features of and differences between interpretation of standards of direct and indirect regulatory effect on social relations and behaviour of abstract type, in comparison to ordinary norms of law. The realities of legal life, especially the activity of the constitutional and administrative control institutions, as well as powers of the courts of general jurisdiction to question the constitutionality of acts of positive law, determine the fact that entities of legal relations can direct and must direct their own behaviour and that of others not only by taking into consideration the standards of behaviour, which are traditionally entrenched in primary sources of law, the normative legal acts adopted by the law-maker and/or other authorised law-making entities, but taking into... [to full text]

Teleological interpretation in private law Abstract This thesis deals with the problem of teleological interpretation in private law which, after the re-codification of private law in the Czech Republic has become a vital interpretative method in the process of interpretation of private legal rules. This PhD thesis describes the historical development of approaches to teleological interpretation and its relation to the other interpretative methods. Interpretation of the law is a complex process and individual interpretative methods cannot be approached separately but, on the contrary, in their mutual context. Such procedure is also encouraged by the interpretative provisions contained in the introduction to the new Civil Code. In this thesis, the so-called four-element scheme, namely the division of interpretative methods to teleological, historical, linguistic and systematic interpretation were chosen which also correspond to the categorization that can be inferred from the wording of the new Civil Code. The work is divided into chapters with the content of chapter two to seven forming the focal point, while the first chapter is the introduction and the eighth chapter is the conclusion. In the second chapter, the question of private and public law and the concept of interpretation itself are examined....

A presente dissertação aborda o tema dos precedentes judiciais, visando estabelecer uma teoria dos precedentes vinculantes no processo penal. Parte-se de um exame dos fundamentos de base, especialmente acerca da crise do princípio da legalidade e da sua limitação frente ao que se pensava no contexto do Iluminismo. Isso se deu em face da mudança no que significa interpretar o direito, que, contemporaneamente, é percebida como uma atividade adscritiva de sentido aos dispositivos normativos e aos elementos não textuais, ou seja, reconhece-se, em alguma medida, um papel criativo do intérprete. Ainda, contribui para o estado de crise da legalidade o fato de o legislador penal passar a se utilizar também da técnica de redação legislativa aberta, o que potencializa a discricionariedade judicial. Daí que advém a necessidade de precedentes vinculantes no processo penal, como forma de maximização da segurança jurídica, da liberdade e da igualdade. Além disso, busca-se tratar de como o sistema de precedentes deve funcionar no âmbito do processo penal brasileiro. Abordam-se os conceitos básicos de operacionalização do sistema, como a definição de precedente e suas diferenciações, a distinção e a superação, bem como, a função das Cortes Supremas. Ainda, objetiva-se delimitar como deve funcionar no quotidiano forense o sistema de precedentes no Brasil, apontando-se diferenças frente a uma teoria geral dos precedentes (como a (ir)retroatividade em matéria penal). / This paper addresses the issue of judicial precedents, aiming to establish a theory of criminal procedural binding precedents. It is based on an examination of the basic foundations, especially on the crisis of the principle of legality and its limitation compared to what was thought in the context of the Enlightenment. This was due to a change in what it means to interpret law, which at the same time is perceived as an adjectival activity of meaning to normative devices and to non-textual elements, that is, to some extent a creative role of the interpreter is recognized. Moreover, it contributes to the state of crisis of legality the fact that the criminal legislature is also using the technique of open legislative drafting, which enhances judicial discretion. Hence the need for binding precedents in criminal proceedings as a means of maximizing legal certainty, freedom and equality. In addition, it seeks to address how the precedent system should work within the Brazilian criminal procedure. It addresses the basic concepts of operationalization of the system, such as the definition of precedent and its differentiations, distinguishing and overruling, as well as the function of the Supreme Courts. Also, it aims to delimit how the system of precedents in Brazil should work in daily forensics, pointing to differences in relation to a general theory of precedents (such as retroactivity in criminal matters).

A presente dissertação aborda o tema dos precedentes judiciais, visando estabelecer uma teoria dos precedentes vinculantes no processo penal. Parte-se de um exame dos fundamentos de base, especialmente acerca da crise do princípio da legalidade e da sua limitação frente ao que se pensava no contexto do Iluminismo. Isso se deu em face da mudança no que significa interpretar o direito, que, contemporaneamente, é percebida como uma atividade adscritiva de sentido aos dispositivos normativos e aos elementos não textuais, ou seja, reconhece-se, em alguma medida, um papel criativo do intérprete. Ainda, contribui para o estado de crise da legalidade o fato de o legislador penal passar a se utilizar também da técnica de redação legislativa aberta, o que potencializa a discricionariedade judicial. Daí que advém a necessidade de precedentes vinculantes no processo penal, como forma de maximização da segurança jurídica, da liberdade e da igualdade. Além disso, busca-se tratar de como o sistema de precedentes deve funcionar no âmbito do processo penal brasileiro. Abordam-se os conceitos básicos de operacionalização do sistema, como a definição de precedente e suas diferenciações, a distinção e a superação, bem como, a função das Cortes Supremas. Ainda, objetiva-se delimitar como deve funcionar no quotidiano forense o sistema de precedentes no Brasil, apontando-se diferenças frente a uma teoria geral dos precedentes (como a (ir)retroatividade em matéria penal). / This paper addresses the issue of judicial precedents, aiming to establish a theory of criminal procedural binding precedents. It is based on an examination of the basic foundations, especially on the crisis of the principle of legality and its limitation compared to what was thought in the context of the Enlightenment. This was due to a change in what it means to interpret law, which at the same time is perceived as an adjectival activity of meaning to normative devices and to non-textual elements, that is, to some extent a creative role of the interpreter is recognized. Moreover, it contributes to the state of crisis of legality the fact that the criminal legislature is also using the technique of open legislative drafting, which enhances judicial discretion. Hence the need for binding precedents in criminal proceedings as a means of maximizing legal certainty, freedom and equality. In addition, it seeks to address how the precedent system should work within the Brazilian criminal procedure. It addresses the basic concepts of operationalization of the system, such as the definition of precedent and its differentiations, distinguishing and overruling, as well as the function of the Supreme Courts. Also, it aims to delimit how the system of precedents in Brazil should work in daily forensics, pointing to differences in relation to a general theory of precedents (such as retroactivity in criminal matters).

A presente dissertação aborda o tema dos precedentes judiciais, visando estabelecer uma teoria dos precedentes vinculantes no processo penal. Parte-se de um exame dos fundamentos de base, especialmente acerca da crise do princípio da legalidade e da sua limitação frente ao que se pensava no contexto do Iluminismo. Isso se deu em face da mudança no que significa interpretar o direito, que, contemporaneamente, é percebida como uma atividade adscritiva de sentido aos dispositivos normativos e aos elementos não textuais, ou seja, reconhece-se, em alguma medida, um papel criativo do intérprete. Ainda, contribui para o estado de crise da legalidade o fato de o legislador penal passar a se utilizar também da técnica de redação legislativa aberta, o que potencializa a discricionariedade judicial. Daí que advém a necessidade de precedentes vinculantes no processo penal, como forma de maximização da segurança jurídica, da liberdade e da igualdade. Além disso, busca-se tratar de como o sistema de precedentes deve funcionar no âmbito do processo penal brasileiro. Abordam-se os conceitos básicos de operacionalização do sistema, como a definição de precedente e suas diferenciações, a distinção e a superação, bem como, a função das Cortes Supremas. Ainda, objetiva-se delimitar como deve funcionar no quotidiano forense o sistema de precedentes no Brasil, apontando-se diferenças frente a uma teoria geral dos precedentes (como a (ir)retroatividade em matéria penal). / This paper addresses the issue of judicial precedents, aiming to establish a theory of criminal procedural binding precedents. It is based on an examination of the basic foundations, especially on the crisis of the principle of legality and its limitation compared to what was thought in the context of the Enlightenment. This was due to a change in what it means to interpret law, which at the same time is perceived as an adjectival activity of meaning to normative devices and to non-textual elements, that is, to some extent a creative role of the interpreter is recognized. Moreover, it contributes to the state of crisis of legality the fact that the criminal legislature is also using the technique of open legislative drafting, which enhances judicial discretion. Hence the need for binding precedents in criminal proceedings as a means of maximizing legal certainty, freedom and equality. In addition, it seeks to address how the precedent system should work within the Brazilian criminal procedure. It addresses the basic concepts of operationalization of the system, such as the definition of precedent and its differentiations, distinguishing and overruling, as well as the function of the Supreme Courts. Also, it aims to delimit how the system of precedents in Brazil should work in daily forensics, pointing to differences in relation to a general theory of precedents (such as retroactivity in criminal matters).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Fernando Steinberg.pdf: 574055 bytes, checksum: 13ab267a0826d15d38280ac14eb0c6cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-23 / Handles this dissertation analyzing the incident uniform interpretation of law, under the special courts of the States and Federal District, in accordance positivized by art. Federal Law N. 18 12.153/2009, which established the special courts of the Exchequer. At first, it was shown a little about the general philosophy of specialized courts, and the peculiarities of his appeal system, settled exclusively by judges of first instance, as a rule, without being given access to the courts of justice. But despite the excellent results in terms of speed, until 2009, no attention had been paid to the possibility of delivery of disparate decisions by numerous colleges around the country considering the impossibility of bringing the special appeal for the preservation of the unity of interpretation of federal law (No 203 Summary, STJ), and low viability of the extraordinary appeal, reserved for strictly constitutional and representative issues. As a result of that, people in general were submitted to a not very coherent and harmonious system, although rapid, as seen in the famous case of telephone operators tried by the Supreme Court in RE 571572, rapporteur of the minister Ellen Gracie. Hence the need to create a mechanism for the preservation of the jurisprudence of the superior courts. It was demonstrated the beneficial effect of the adoption of binding precedents, but the serious prejudice to the principle of speed in the creation of a "special feature" stealth incident intra muros. Accordingly, it was analyzed the functioning of the real asset, owing to the peculiarities shown in the new Law 12.153/2009, which is not limited to the discipline of the courts of the Exchequer city and state, but that spreads throughout the system rite summary. Still, attempts aim to strengthen the culture of the foregoing, as seen, for example, the new incident resolution demands the constant repetitive design of the new CPC, approved by the Senate, but, pending consideration by the House of Representatives (PL n . 166/2010 or n. 8.046/2010).Even the President of the Supreme Court is facing the Brazilian bankruptcy appellate system, which can be prevented or remedied by the SGP No 15/2011, of his own intellectual, and proposes that the anticipation of a final and unappealable decisions on the occasion of delivery of the second degree. The approximation of systems of common law and civil law, with the increasing objectification of the process, but since our culture is respected and that there is no legal unnecessary immobilization can be a good way to increase the speed. For the last, there are some suggestions so that law students can think of legislative and administrative changes aimed at the balance between legal certainty and reasonable duration of the process / Cuida a presente dissertação de mestrado da análise do incidente de uniformização de interpretação de lei, no âmbito dos juizados especiais dos Estados e do Distrito Federal, nos termos positivados pelo art. 18 da Lei federal n. 12.153/2009, a qual instituiu os juizados especiais da fazenda pública. De início, discorreu-se um pouco sobre a filosofia geral dos juizados especiais, e as peculiaridades do seu sistema recursal, dirimido, exclusivamente, por juízes de primeiro grau, como regra, sem que seja facultado o acesso aos tribunais de justiça. Mas, apesar dos excelentes resultados em termos de celeridade dos julgamentos, até 2009, nenhuma atenção havia sido dispensada à possibilidade da prolação de decisões díspares por parte dos inúmeros Colégios Recursais espalhados pelo país. Considerando-se a impossibilidade de interposição do recurso especial para a preservação da unidade da interpretação do direito federal (Súmula n. 203, STJ), e a escassa viabilidade do recurso extraordinário, reservado para questões estritamente constitucionais e de repercussão geral, o jurisdicionado via-se submetido a um sistema pouco coerente e harmônico, apesar de célere, como ocorreu no célebre caso das operadoras de telefonia julgado pelo STF no RE 571.572, de relatoria da ministra Ellen Gracie. Daí a necessidade da criação de um mecanismo para a preservação da jurisprudência dos Tribunais Superiores. Procurou-se demonstrar o efeito benéfico da adoção de precedentes obrigatórios, mas, o grave prejuízo ao princípio da celeridade na criação de um recurso especial camuflado de incidente intra muros. Nesse sentido, analisou-se o funcionamento desse verdadeiro recurso, mercê das peculiaridades inscritas na nova Lei n. 12.153/2009, a qual não se limita à disciplina dos juizados das fazendas públicas municipal e estadual, mas, que se espraia por todo o sistema do rito sumaríssimo. Ainda, apontaram-se tentativas de fortalecimento da cultura dos precedentes, como se vê, por exemplo, no novo incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas constantes do projeto do novo CPC, aprovado pelo Senado Federal, mas, pendente de apreciação pela Câmara dos Deputados (PL n. 166/2010 ou n. 8.046/2010). O próprio Presidente do Supremo Tribunal Federal está a apontar a falência do sistema recursal brasileiro, o que pode, segundo o autor, ser evitado ou remediado pela PEC n. 15/2011, de sua autoria intelectual, e que propõe a antecipação do trânsito em julgado das decisões por ocasião da prolação do acórdão de segundo grau. A aproximação dos sistemas de common law e de civil law, com a crescente objetivação do processo, mas, desde que seja respeitada a nossa cultura jurídica e que não haja engessamentos desnecessários, pode ser um bom caminho para o incremento da celeridade. Por derradeiro, foram deixadas algumas sugestões para que se possa pensar em alterações legislativas e administrativas voltadas ao equilíbrio entre a segurança jurídica e a razoável duração do processo

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-30T13:22:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Junior Trindade dos Santos.pdf: 3502323 bytes, checksum: 30604802d8651d8265f61cf37e1103fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-30T13:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Junior Trindade dos Santos.pdf: 3502323 bytes, checksum: 30604802d8651d8265f61cf37e1103fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-05 / Nenhuma / Tem-se como tema o Ativismo Judicial e a criação do Direito pela via Interpretativa. O problema que se demonstra reflete quanto o Poder Judiciário é legitimado para a criação de direito, uma vez que a produção de direito somente era cabível ao Poder Legislativo. Assim, avaliar-se-á a Estrutura e as Funções do Estado para que assim se justifique a atividade de criação judicial do Direito (sempre se atentando ao binômio inércia-ativismo). Neste sentido, é de crucial importância apresentar a transformação do Estado Liberal de Direito ao Estado Democrático de Direito, pois somente com a organização dos poderes do Estado Moderno é que se pode falar evidentemente em Ativismo Judicial. Na inércia dos demais Poderes, o Poder Judiciário apresentou presença ativa para com a sociedade e para com a construção e reconfiguração do aparelho Estatal. No primeiro capítulo será evidenciada a construção do Estado de Direito e seus pressupostos; no segundo capítulo, demonstrar-se-á, a rígida técnica da separação dos poderes que se instituiu no Estado Liberal e Social de Direito, e em um segundo momento apresentar-se-á a divisão dos poderes formada com o objetivo do poder de revisão dos órgãos judiciais sob os atos dos demais Poderes. Feito isso, segue-se com o que se refere ao fortalecimento da Jurisdição Constitucional, em que em um primeiro momento mostrar-se-á sua evolução, e em um segundo momento avaliar-se-á sua contemporaneidade frente ao Estado Democrático de Direito. E por fim, apresentar-se-á a defesa da sua Legitimação Democrática, esta sempre tão questionada. Na terceira e última parte, apresentar-se-ão os conceitos e fundamentos do Ativismo Judicial, haja vista, ser um termo que se apresenta indefinido e encontra diversas conceituações. O Ativismo Judicial ganha configuração de duas correntes distintas, quais sejam, a procedimentalista e a substancialista. Deste modo, defender-se-á o Ativismo Judicial Substancialista pela via da interpretação criadora do Direito, para que não se tenha uma interpretação autêntica do Direito. Para tanto, buscar-se-á demonstrar que, com uma Filosofia do Direito, com o auxílio da Hermenêutica Jurídica, é possível fazer a construção criativa do Direito por meio do Ativismo Judicial de forma mais adequada para com a criação do Direito. A fusão de dois horizontes, a Hermenêutica Jurídica e criação do Direito, pela via Judicial, ocorre na seguinte premissa: interpretar é aplicar, e aplicar é criar direito e, assim, justifica-se o presente trabalho. / The theme is the creation of Judicial Activism and the Law: through the Interpretative route. The problem that reflects demonstrates how the judiciary is legitimized for the creation of law, since the production of the law was only applicable to the legislative branch. Thus, the Structure and Functions of the State will be evaluated, so that appropriate activity for judicial creation of law (always paying attention to the binomial inertia-activism). In this sense, it is crucial to present the transformation of Liberal State of law to the Democratic State of Law, because only with the organization of the powers of the modern state we can speak clearly to Judicial Activism. On the inertia of the other branches, the judiciary had an active presence to society and to the construction and reconfiguration of the State apparatus.In the first chapter will be evidenced building of the State of Law and its assumptions, in the second chapter, will prove that the rigid technique of separation of powers was instituted in Liberal and Social State of Law, and in a second stage to present it will be the division of powers formed with the purpose of the power of judicial organs review under the actions of other branches. That done, it follows with regard to the strengthening of Constitutional Jurisdiction, in which at first it will prove its evolution, and in a second phase will be evaluated its contemporaryatic agaisnt Democratic State of Law. Finally, the defense of Democratic Legitimacy will present itself, always questioned. In the third and final section it will present the concepts and fundamentals of Judicial Activism, considering, be a term that is undefined and has found various conceptualizations. The Judicial Activism wins configuration of two distinct streams, namely, the proceduralist and substantialist. Thus, the Judicial Activism substantialist will defend itself, by means of creative interpretation of the law, so they do not have an authentic interpretation of the law. To do so, will seek to demonstrate that, with a philosophy of law, with the assistance of Legal Hermeneutics, you can make the creative construction of the Law through Judicial Activism most appropriate way for the creation of law. The fusion of two horizons, Legal Hermeneutics and creation of law, via Judicial, occurs in the following premise: to interpret is to apply, and apply it to create law and thus is justified in this paper

This thesis attempts to critically and comparatively analyse the doctrine of exemption/frustration /force majeure under the United Nations Convention on the Contract for International Sale of Goods (CISG) the UNIDRIOT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (UNIDROIT) and the English Law. The doctrine of exemption/frustration/force majeure is very important in the area of contract and commercial law, it is a doctrine deeply rooted in fairness and allows a party to be excused from performing an obligation in a contract if at the conclusion of the contract an inhibition beyond the foreseeable control of the party happens to render the performance of the contract impossible. However, it is not easy to effectively streamline this doctrine and properly determine its applications. It has been observed in this thesis that, the doctrines of exemption/frustration /force majeure are not exactly the same; this thesis explores in details severally and jointly the various differences and similarities in the interpretations and applications of these impossibility doctrines. For instance, the open and flexible use of words in the definition of this doctrine under the CISG and the UNIDROIT Principles left much to be desired. Thus, it is one of the succinct arguments of this thesis that couching international law in loose words will work against the uniformity of application of this law, due to the different interpretations national law courts will be subjecting it to. This among other issues retarded the growth and development of the doctrine of exemption and force majeure. Furthermore, English law stance on the doctrine of frustration which can be gleaned from both the Sale of Goods Act of 1979 and the Common law are far from being adequate and need to be updated. This thesis therefore incisively laid bare the applications, interpretations and way forward for the doctrine of exemption/frustration/force majeure under the legal instruments of focus of this work. The thesis also comparatively compares the relationship between the doctrine of frustration/force majeure/exemption and other related doctrines like mistake, termination, avoidance, risk, and hardship. The thesis is concluded with a Draft Model Frustration Clause (DMFC) which is an attempt to rise above the status quo doctrine of frustration in the extant laws and develop a frustration clause that will be able to provide answers to the many flaws that trail these laws.