My Diploma Thesis has a theoretical character. I dealt with fairy tales as a genre. I worked only with the folkloric fairy tales that are different from the modern ones in the way of universality. In the first part I looked for characteristic features of these stories from the literary and psychological point of view. I focused on time and place expression and how the fairy tale deals with the identity of characters and typical phenomenon of the good and the bad. Through these principles children can easily identify with the heroes of stories and therefore they help to solve specific developmental crisis and also to reach individual autonomy and integrity. For me, the theoretical basis was psychoanalysis and thus I followed the fairy tales theory of Bruno Bettelheim. I used this theory in the second part of my thesis as well. The interpretation of four fairy tales: Litte Red Riding-hood (Červená Karkulka), Jack an Jill (Perníková chaloupka), The Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Sněhurka) and Hrnečku, vař! are given. It is about the determination of the main topic and the interpretation of individual motives. Besides the different options how to interpret it I also compared the different versions of these stories. At the end I tried to have a critical view on Bettelheim's approach and also to find...

TITLE: Developing activity and creativity in teaching fractions in grades 6 to 7 AUTHOR: Bc. Lenka Svobodová DEPARTMENT: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education SUPERVISOR: Mgr. Marie Tichá, CSc. ABSTRACT: The thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part looks at the cognitive process of pupils and possible ways of their motivation during fractions teaching. Furthermore, it outlines causes of lack of understanding of fractions and re-education interventions. The empirical part is based on a qualitative research whose main objective was to determine how the pupils are able to solve fractions exercises independently and creatively and what mistakes they make. Various methods of data collection were used, such as interview with teachers on issues of fractions teaching in elementary schools, non- standardised test with fractions exercises and additional interview with the tested pupils. This part also describes the preparation of the research, the research itself and its results KEYWORDS: fractions, interpretations, representations, models, misunderstandings, mistakes, teaching approaches

Il existe de nombreuses approches développées par la communauté Implicit Computational Complexity (ICC) permettant d'analyser les ressources nécessaires à la bonne exécution des algorithmes. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement au contrôle des ressources à l'aide d'interprétations sémantiques. Après avoir rappelé brièvement la notion de quasi-interprétation ainsi que les différentes propriétés et caractérisations qui en découlent, nous présentons les différentes avancées obtenues dans l'étude de cet outil : nous étudions le problème de la synthèse qui consiste à trouver une quasi-interprétation pour un programme donné, puis, nous abordons la question de la modularité des quasi-interprétations. La modularité permet de diminuer la complexité de la procédure de synthèse et de capturer un plus grand nombre d'algorithmes. Après avoir mentionné différentes extensions des quasi-interprétations à des langages de programmation réactifs, bytecode ou d'ordre supérieur, nous introduisons la sup-interprétation. Cette notion généralise la quasi-interprétation et est utilisée dans des critères de contrôle des ressources afin d'étudier la complexité d'un plus grand nombre d'algorithmes dont des algorithmes sur des données infinies ou des algorithmes de type diviser pour régner. Nous combinons cette notion à différents critères de terminaison comme les ordres RPO, les paires de dépendance ou le size-change principle et nous la comparons à la notion de quasi-interprétation. En outre, après avoir caractérisé des petites classes de complexité parallèles, nous donnons quelques heuristiques permettant de synthétiser des sup-interprétations sans la propriété sous-terme, c'est à dire des sup-interprétations qui ne sont pas des quasi-interprétations. Enfin, dans un dernier chapitre, nous adaptons les sup-interprétations à des langages orientés-objet, obtenant ainsi différents critères pour contrôler les ressources d'un programme objet et de ses méthodes / There are several approaches developed by the Implicit Computational Complexity (ICC) community which try to analyze and control program resources. In this document, we focus our study on the resource control with the help of semantics interpretations. After introducing the notion of quasi-interpretation together with its distinct properties and characterizations, we show the results obtained in the study of such a tool: We study the synthesis problem which consists in finding a quasi-interpretation for a given program and we tackle the issue of quasi-interpretation modularity. Modularity allows to decrease the complexity of the synthesis procedure and to capture more algorithms. We present several extensions of quasi-interpretations to reactive programming, bytecode verification or higher-order programming. Afterwards, we introduce the notion of sup-interpretation. This notion strictly generalizes the one of quasi-interpretation and is used in distinct criteria in order to control the resources of more algorithms, including algorithms over infinite data and algorithms using a divide and conquer strategy. We combine sup-interpretations with distinct termination criteria, such as RPO orderings, dependency pairs or size-change principle, and we compare them to the notion of quasi-interpretation. Using the notion of sup-interpretation, we characterize small parallel complexity classes. We provide some heuristics for the sup-interpretation synthesis: we manage to synthesize sup-interpretations without the subterm property, that is, sup-interpretations which are not quasi-interpretations. Finally, we extend sup-interpretations to object-oriented programs, thus obtaining distinct criteria for resource control of object-oriented programs and their methods

Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar processos cognitivos na Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras), presentes em duas interpretações da música Aquarela. Os processos cognitivos foram investigados à luz da corporificação, da metáfora conceptual (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 2002), da metonímia conceptual (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 2003; EVANS; GREEN, 2006; KÖVECSES, 2010) e da iconicidade cognitiva (WILCOX, 2000; QUADROS, 2004; WILCOX, 2004). Além desses processos de construção de sentidos, analisam-se os esquemas imagéticos (EVANS; GREEN, 2006; GIBBS; COLSTON apud GEERAERTS, 2006) que lhes fundamentam. A partir dessa fundamentação, foram encontrados nas intepretações sinais categorizados icônico-metonímicos, icônico-metonímico-corporificados, de acordo com Nunes (2014), e icônicos-corporificados. Verificaram-se os esquemas imagéticos subjacentes aos sinais e classificadores. Considerando-se que esses sinais e classificadores estão presentes em interpretações de uma música, analisam-se também procedimentos e técnicas utilizados em traduções e interpretações em Libras. A partir da análise, constatou-se, entre os processos cognitivos subjacentes às interpretações da música, que as principais metáforas conceptuais subjacentes à letra de Aquarela em português mantêm-se nas interpretações em Libras. Contudo, na versão em Libras, uma nova metáfora foi postulada. Assim, buscou-se, com esta pesquisa, fornecer questionamentos sobre processos cognitivos em sinais e classificadores em interpretações na Libras / This study aims to analyze cognitive processes in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), present in two interpretations of Aquarela music. The cognitive processes were investigated based on embodiment, conceptual metaphor (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 2002), the conceptual metonymy (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 2003; EVANS; GREEN, 2006; KÖVECSES, 2010) and cognitive iconicity (Wilcox, 2000; TABLES, 2004; WILCOX, 2004). In addition to these senses construction processes, it was analyzed the image schemes (EVANS; GREEN, 2006; GIBBS; COLSTON apud GEERAERTS, 2006). From this foundation, were found signs classified as iconic-metonymic signs, iconic- metonymic-embodied signs, according to Nunes (2014), and iconic-embodied. It was studied image schemas in signs and classifiers. Considering that these signs and classifiers are present in music interpretations, its also analyzed procedures and techniques used in Libras translations and interpretations. From the analysis, it was found among the cognitive processes at these interpretations that the main conceptual metaphors in Portuguese remain in Libras interpretations. However, in Libras, a new metaphor was postulated. Thus, this research provides questions about cognitive processes in signs and classifiers in Libras interpretations

Resumo: Nesta dissertação de mestrado, que trata da interpretação mítica e psicológica do enredo dos quatro filmes: Caixa de Pandora (1928); Helena de Tória (1955) e Kill-Bill - Vol.1 e 2 (2003), analiso o comportamento das personagens principais e estabeleço uma conexão com as seguintes deusas gregas: Pandora, Afrodite e Deméter, numa leitura junguiana. Por mais racionais que possamos ser, nossos cérebros não resistem ao ímpeto de adotar relatos metafísicos para o entendimento dos mistérios naturais que determinam nossa existência. Os mitos possuem características humanas e, por meio de suas lendas, podemos compreender melhor nossas questões existênciais, na busca de sentido para vida humana. Os temas mitológicos contemplam tanto a sociedade, o coletivo, como a subjetividade humana, o individual, tornando-se universal, com seu poder de nos emocionar e de nos ensinar as verdades profundas da psique humana. Ao associar cinema, psicologia e mitologia, encontro uma nova leitura entre imagem e verbo e que poderá dar novo significado à leitura e a compreensão de um filme. / Abstract: This master's degree thesis studies the mythical and psycological interpretations of the plot of the following four films: Pandora's Box (1928); Helen of Troy (1955); and Kill Bill - Vol. 1 and 2 (2003). The behavior of the main characters is studied and a connection with the following Greek goddesses is made: Pandora, Aphrodite and Demeter, according to Jungian analysis. No matter how rational we might attempt to be, our brains do not resist the urge to adopt metaphysical accounts in order to understand the mysteries and natural phenomena that determine our existence. Myths have human characteristics and, by means of their legends, one can better understand our existential issues, in search of the meaning of human life. Mythological themes embrace both society - the collective - and human subjectivity - the individual-, becoming universal, with their power to stir up our emotions and teach us the deepest truths of human psyche. By associating cinema, psychology and mythology I find a new reading of image and words which might give a new meaning to the reading and understanding of a film. / Orientador: Pelópidas Cypriano de Oliveira / Coorientador: Claudete Ribeiro / Mestre

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects more than 60% of Cambodian immigrants in the United States. However, researchers do not yet know why less than 5% of Cambodian immigrants are accessing mental health services. This qualitative study involved investigation of participants' perceptions of how PTSD is manifested in the Cambodian immigrant community to understand barriers to mental health services access. The social ecological theory provided a frame for understanding how traditions, values, culture, and beliefs affect Cambodian immigrants' perceptions of PTSD and the mental health system. Data was collected from semi structured interviews of 13 participants, 18 to 70 years of age, residing in Stockton, California, who shared their perceptions of PTSD. NVIVO was used to organize each data category for thematic analysis. The themes included: (a) hearing of PTSD, (b) meaning of PTSD, (c) contributing factors, (d) healing practices, (e) recognition of PTSD, (f) reactions, (g) reasons most often given, (h) encouraging family members, (i) healing practices, (j) ways of helping, (k) counseling, (l) medications, (m) mental health support, (n) mental health resources, and (o) want more information. The findings indicated that stigma continues to be one of the barriers in accessing mental health services, and that Cambodian immigrants have a strong desire to learn more about mental health and mental health services in San Joaquin County. Results from this study contribute to an area of mental health research that is limited, and they may be used by researchers and mental health practitioners to improve cultural understanding and awareness among diverse communities and help reduce the stigma regarding mental health issues.

<p>Elevated levels of anxiety are a common response to stressful competitive sports situations, are known to moderate athletic performance and are referred to as an unpleasant emotional state associated with perceptions of situational threat. The empirical studies in this dissertation considered primarily psychometric, methodological and conceptual issues of relevance for the study of anxiety and sports performance. In Study I, athletes were followed across a full competitive season to explore patterns of inter- and intra-individual variability of anxiety and self-confidence in relation to performance. The findings imply intra-individual anxiety and self-confidence variability to affect performance differently than the specific intensity level and are discussed in relation to more stable personality dispositions such as private self-consciousness. Study II evaluated the psychometric properties of the 27-item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) and alternative versions of this scale. General support for a 17-item version (CSAI-2R) was found, but there are also psychometric limitations future research needs to resolve. Study III investigated assessment of intensity and directional ratings on single anxiety items with reference to the conceptualisation of anxiety symptoms as interpreted on a debilitative-facilitative continuum. The findings question the importance and rationale of assessing anxiety direction and revealed serious concerns with assessment procedures and statistical techniques applied in previous research. These concerns were also supported in Study IV, which explored athletes’ idiosyncratic experiences of debilitative and facilitative anxiety symptoms in terms of intensity and emotional valence. The findings are discussed and summarised in a model in order to increase conceptual clarity and provide implications for future research regarding anxiety and related emotional performance states.</p>

<p>The aim of this essay is to debate the narrow contextualization of the works of Swedish artist Maria Friberg, in which she is interpreted as a female, feminist artist engaged in masculinity studies. Art reviews and exhibition catalogues regarding a great part of Friberg’s work have formed the core body of information in this study, selecting the more recent works entitled Still lives (2003- ) as the main focus. These show a change in Friberg’s artistic expression.</p><p>Subjects concerning group belonging, identity and existential questions have always been present in Maria Friberg’s art, but they are more clearly expressed in her latest works. Art critics have acknowledged the change of motifs in Still lives as a negative development and have expressed disappointment in the absence of Friberg’s renown portrayals of men in business suits. This attire and the gendered motif man have ascribed Friberg to an agenda surrounding masculinity and feminism, leaving little room for other interpretations.</p><p>The subordinate aim of the study is to suggest alternative readings of Friberg’s art in general and of the Still lives-series in particular. The great majority of art critics are accentuating Friberg’s interest in men, overlooking reasons for her supposed fascination of them. This creates a need for further examination of the depths of Friberg’s photographs. Hence, the last chapter presents a theory of the artists’ use of men as carriers of non-gender related meanings in which the human being is a small part of the impressive machinery composed of nature, culture and the industrialised world which absolutely devours humans.</p>

<p>This study looks at Laleh Bakhtiar´s ambitions when it comes to <em>The Sublime Quran</em>, her English translation of the Quran. It also contains a look at how it was received in English and American media, and how Bakhtiar and her like-minded defend her interpretation and translation against critics, focusing on verse 4:34.</p>

Elevated levels of anxiety are a common response to stressful competitive sports situations, are known to moderate athletic performance and are referred to as an unpleasant emotional state associated with perceptions of situational threat. The empirical studies in this dissertation considered primarily psychometric, methodological and conceptual issues of relevance for the study of anxiety and sports performance. In Study I, athletes were followed across a full competitive season to explore patterns of inter- and intra-individual variability of anxiety and self-confidence in relation to performance. The findings imply intra-individual anxiety and self-confidence variability to affect performance differently than the specific intensity level and are discussed in relation to more stable personality dispositions such as private self-consciousness. Study II evaluated the psychometric properties of the 27-item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) and alternative versions of this scale. General support for a 17-item version (CSAI-2R) was found, but there are also psychometric limitations future research needs to resolve. Study III investigated assessment of intensity and directional ratings on single anxiety items with reference to the conceptualisation of anxiety symptoms as interpreted on a debilitative-facilitative continuum. The findings question the importance and rationale of assessing anxiety direction and revealed serious concerns with assessment procedures and statistical techniques applied in previous research. These concerns were also supported in Study IV, which explored athletes’ idiosyncratic experiences of debilitative and facilitative anxiety symptoms in terms of intensity and emotional valence. The findings are discussed and summarised in a model in order to increase conceptual clarity and provide implications for future research regarding anxiety and related emotional performance states.