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abstract: The number of interracial marriages and multiracial individuals continues to increase rapidly in the United States (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). Black Female (BF) /White Male (WM) marriages are increasing, but not as quickly as other interracial marriages (Wang, 2012) leaving this population void in social science literature available to social workers. Consequently, there is a lack of information available to understand factors that contribute to these couple identities and how they navigate in the monoracialized systems they encounter. This qualitative study explored how BF/WM partners married in different generational cohorts experience and navigate race and identity as a couple through video recorded interviews where couples shared their narrative as a dyad. The secondary data analyzed was originally collected through snowball and convenient sampling to find BF/WM married couples that were married different generational cohorts living in the Phoenix area. Couples were asked to respond to starter questions (Linhorst, 2002) that encouraged them to share experiences as a couple interacting with community, social, and family systems. Ecological systems framework and social construction were used to guide analysis. Results from the multimodal transcript analysis and detailed review of the video data found themes of invisibility of the couples' relationships from community and family. Differences between cohorts were identified with movement from separation of racial identities within the couple identity to an infusion of both identities represented within the couple. Additionally, insights into the benefits of videography as a data collection method and its usefulness in to connecting social work research to practice were identified and align with the NASW Cultural Competence standards (NASW, 2001). / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Social Work 2014

This study examined the marriage experiences of four Chinese Canadian women who are married to Caucasian husbands in Canada. Employing a phenomenological qualitative approach, in - depth interviews were conducted with these women in the ethnically diverse city of Vancouver, exploring their lived experiences in these relationships. The findings in this study reflect upon this and tries to bring some understanding to this rather complex phenomenon. The first finding is the non - accidental nature in who we choose to bring into our world. This important element was highlighted in the findings as it speaks to the reasons why we seek certain people to be in our life, including our spouses. The women in this study all spoke about early influences and experiences which reflected a sense of being an outsider in their own world at some point. These experiences have in one form or another shaped how these women approached relationships and in particular marriage. The second finding speaks to the effortlessness which these women present when moving between their Chinese and Canadian culture. The skills of negotiating and interpreting were highlighted by one of the women as a role that she has grown up with but now also finds useful in her marriage. This role appears almost invisible to most people because of the way these women incorporate it into their day to day living. The last major finding is the importance of seeking a balance between the two cultures in intermarriage. In doing so, it allowed the women in this study to find a safe place for them to freely express the two sided nature of their culture which up until then remained separated. In some cases it also provided the impetus to revisit their culture of origin to rework another understanding of the role of Chinese culture in their lives. The findings of this study provide a beginning understanding into the work which these four women negotiated in intermarriage to achieve a balance between the Canadian and Chinese cultures in which they live. The findings from this study bridge a gap in the understanding of the phenomenon of interracial relationships in Canada and contribute to a broader cross cultural practice in social work and family therapy. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

Rasideologier och tankar om rashygien är något som präglat svensk historia sedan andra världskriget. Begreppet ras har varit, och är fortfarande idag ett kontroversiellt ämne i Sverige, och har såväl i den akademiska världen som i dagligt tal kommit att bytas ut mot begreppet etnicitet. Tankar om ras och/ eller etnicitet kopplat till sexualitet är i dagsläget föga beforskat i den svenska kontexten. Denna uppsats har som fokus att studera hur ras och/eller etniskt blandade par definierar sig själva, samt hur de upplever att de blir bemötta av sin sociala omgivning i en svensk kontext. Resultaten visar att paren definierar sig på olika sätt, med hänvisning till etnisk tillhörighet eller beskrivningar av synliga skillnader vad gäller hud- och hårfärg. Det är mindre vanligt att par talar om sig själva i termer av skillnader i rastillhörighet. Resultaten visar även att paren bemöts av stereotypa föreställningar kopplat till rasblandade relationer, mer specifikt kopplat till den icke-vita partnern, i både nära så väl som mer avlägsna sociala sammanhang. Dessa föreställningar har inte sällan både en exotifierande och sexualiserande karaktär, där antagandet om den icke-vita partnern som sexuellt exotisk görs. / Race ideologies and thoughts about racial hygiene are things that have characterized Swedish history since World War II. The term race has been, and still is today, a controversial topic in Sweden, and has been replaced by the concept of ethnicity both in the academic and public world. Thoughts of race and/ or ethnicity linked to sexuality have been explored to little extent within the Swedish context. The focus of this thesis is on how interracial and/ or interethnic couples define themselves, and how they experience being perceived and treated by their social surroundings in a Swedish context. The results reveal that the couples define themselves in different ways, referring to ethnic origin or descriptions of visible differences in regard to skin and hair color. It is less common for couples to talk about themselves in terms of racial differences. The results also show that the couples experience that they are met by stereotypical notions of interracial relationships, more specifically linked to the non-white partner, in both close as well as more distant social settings. These notions often have an exotifying and sexualized character, where the assumptions of the non-white partner being sexually exotic is made.

The number of intercultural marriages and families has grown significantly. This qualitative study explores the strengths and challenges of multicultural families and identifies key decisions that intercultural couples face, and resources that can enrich the multicultural family's experience. The findings of this study will reveal valuable insights and strategies for intentional parenting and help multicultural families maximize their strengths and minimize their challenges. Data was collected from three groups of intercultural couples. Group A consisted of 4 couples raising children birth through pre-school. Group B had 4 couples raising children pre-school through middle school, and group C had 4 couples raising children from middle school through high school. The groups were interviewed on the following areas: strengths and challenges, language, religion, family traditions, customs and food, conflict resolution, perceived difference between their children and families and monocultural children and families, and outside resources.

Over the past decade, policymakers have promoted marriage as a pathway to improve child outcomes in single-parent households. However, previous research on single mothers who later married in the United States has failed to examine how the structural advantages and disadvantages of race influence post-birth marriages and the advantage they may confer. I investigate how white advantage—the human- and social-capital benefits that come from being a white individual—acts as a resource distributed differently across three couple configurations. I predict that having access to white advantage via a white parent will improve child academic achievement. Using the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study 1998 (ECLS-K 1998) and the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study 2011 (ECLS-K 2011), I compare children from white monoracial marriages, white-Hispanic interracial marriages, and Hispanic monoracial marriages. My results suggest that white advantage in the home increases access to critical resources that improve child academic achievement. Additionally, I find further evidence of Hispanic disadvantage as children from Hispanic monoracial marriages score lower on math and reading tests than children from white monoracial marriages, even after accounting for resource and demographic factors.

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Using a year 2000 national racial poll conducted by the New York Times, I analyze Whites' approval of interracial marriage. I utilize the contact hypothesis, as originally formulated by Gordon Allport, to develop a conceptual model of White's attitudes toward interracial marriage. Specifically I propose and develop an additional dimension of the contact hypothesis, which accounts for the context in which interracial contacts occur. I do so by examining several specific social settings in which White respondents report experiencing contact with Blacks. The contexts examined are ordered in terms of the type of contact they likely provide, from close, personal contact to superficial and hierarchical contact. The results indicate that the type of contact engendered by a variety of contexts is an important factor in determining attitudes about interracial marriage. The contacts in most of the social settings are associated with friendship, yet a majority of the contexts are also related to approval of interracial marriage even when extraneous factors such as friendship, age, gender, income, political party, frequency of religious service attendance, and region are controlled for statistically. The findings provide support for the consideration and utilization of the context of contact as an additional dimension of the contact hypothesis.

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the attitudes of Vietnamese Americans towards Vietnamese interracial marriages. It also sought to extend previous research in this field and incorporate insights regarding the literature of Vietnamese, Vietnamese- American, and American culture to the literature that addresses the question of interracial marriage. The research question of this paper was, "What are the attitudes of Vietnamese Americans toward interracial marriage between Vietnamese Americans and other races?" The methodology used was a self-administered anonymous questionnaire given to a limited group of Vietnamese participants in California to gather their views on this subject. The results suggest that the Vietnamese surveyed are more accepting of interracial marriages than the literature would suggest.