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A Head Start to Learning: Exploration of a Parent-Directed Intervention to Promote Early Literacy Skill DevelopmentSundman-Wheat, Ashley Nicole 01 January 2012 (has links)
This study examined the effects of a parent-led intervention focused on developing children's early literacy skills within the home setting. The lesson plans contain scripted steps for completing activities to teach letter names and phonological awareness skills. Archival data were analyzed from a study conducted with 26 families from three Head Start centers. Thirteen families completed the intervention and thirteen families were enrolled in a control condition which provided information on shared reading strategies. Children in the intervention group performed at statistically significant higher levels on measures of letter naming, phonological awareness, vocabulary/oral language, and comprehension. Parents rated both the intervention and control conditions as highly acceptable. Most parents (n= 10) within the intervention group completed the vast majority of the lesson plans. Changes within the home revealed that parents in both groups engaged in the same types of early learning activities, but that parents in the intervention group reported engaging in these activities more frequently than the control group. This study contributes to the literature by creating a method of parental involvement in preschool targeting phonological awareness and letter naming abilities.
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Programa universal de habilidades sociais aplicado pelo professor: impacto sobre comportamentos sociais e acadêmicos / Universal social skills program applied by the teacher: Impact on social and academic behaviorsLopes, Daniele Carolina 18 March 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / School has an important socialization role and social skills contribute to the socio-emotional and academic development and also behavior problems reduction. To maximize this contribution, universal social skills programs should be tested and disseminated in schools, with effective participation of teachers, main mediators of interpersonal relationships in this environment. For this, it is necessary to investigate a set of practicable procedures, techniques, and resources in the classroom, attractive for both teachers and students. This study examined aspects of a universal program effectiveness, conducted by the teacher, using the audiovisual resources RMHSC-Del-Prette, which has already proved its effectiveness in selective programs conducted by a psychologist. The practicability and effectiveness of the program were evaluated in terms of: (a) impact on social skills, academic competence and behavior problems of all students from two classes, (b) impact on the repertoire of three children from each class with low academic performance, also evaluated on an ongoing basis, (c) integrity of the intervention applied by teachers. Two teachers and their students participated in three classes of fourth grade in a private school. The students evaluation was different for each class, in Class 1 only students with low academic performance (n = 3) were evaluated and in Class 2 (n = 13) and Class 3 (n = 14), all the students were evaluated. All children were assessed before and after the intervention, through the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR) in its three versions. Before the intervention, the teachers were given a brief training course. The intervention program consisted of 11 sessions of 60 minutes each focusing on differents social skills and sequenced in complexity, which were previously evaluated by teachers. The results of SSRS-BR showed an improvement in Responsibility/Cooperation and Academic Competence in the overall assessment of students from two classes according to teachers evaluation; in Kindness and Self-Control and a decrease in Internalizing Behaviors (Class 2) according to parents evaluation. In relation to children with low academic performance, teachers evaluated that most children improved Responsibility / Cooperation and Academic Competence; the parents evaluated that children improved Global social skills Score, Cooperation and also decreased at least a score of Problematic behaviors; in self-assessment the children improved Self-Control. Data from continuous assessment of students with low academic performance indicated that most improved the quality of social skills after the intervention program. The intervention was implemented with integrity of 80% for Teacher 1 (Classes 1 and 3) and 75% for Teacher 2 (Class 2). In summary, the data indicated that the universal social skill program using the RMHSC-Del-Prette produced substantial changes, especially in cooperative behaviors in academic performance and behavior problems (parental assessment) when it was applied by the teacher, including children with low academic performance. It was found that, in implementing this program, the integrity equal to or above 75% was able to produce changes in children's behavior, however, the importance of teacher training and the importance of research about characteristics of the agent's intervention during the implementation of a program is discussed. / A escola tem importante papel socializador e as habilidades sociais contribuem para o desenvolvimento socioemocional, o rendimento acadêmico e a redução de problemas de comportamento. Para maximizar essa contribuição, programas universais de promoção de habilidades sociais deveriam ser disseminados e testados no contexto escolar, com a participação efetiva do professor, principal mediador das relações interpessoais neste ambiente. Para isto, faz-se necessária a investigação de um conjunto de procedimentos, técnicas e recursos viáveis em sala de aula e atrativos tanto para o professor como para os alunos. O presente estudo avaliou aspectos da efetividade um programa universal, conduzido pelo professor, com uso de recursos audiovisuais do RMHSC-Del-Prette, que já havia se mostrado efetivo em programa seletivo, conduzido por psicóloga. A viabilidade e a efetividade do programa foram avaliadas em termos de: (a) impacto sobre o repertório de habilidades sociais, competência acadêmica e problemas de comportamento do conjunto de alunos de duas turmas; (b) impacto sobre o repertório de três crianças de cada turma, com baixo rendimento acadêmico, avaliadas também de forma continuada; (c) integridade da intervenção aplicada pelas professoras. Participaram duas professoras e seus alunos de três turmas de quarto ano de uma escola particular. A avaliação dos alunos participantes foi diferente para cada um das turmas, sendo que na Turma 1 só foram avaliados os alunos com baixo rendimento acadêmico (n = 3) e na Turma 2 (n = 13) e Turma 3 (n = 14) os alunos foram avaliadas em seu conjunto. Todas as crianças foram avaliadas, antes e depois da intervenção, por meio do Sistema de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais (SSRS-BR) em suas três versões. Antes da intervenção, as professoras receberam um breve curso de capacitação. O programa de intervenção foi composto por 11 sessões de 60 minutos, cada uma focalizando habilidades sociais, diferentes e sequenciadas em termos de complexidade, que, foram previamente valorizadas pelas professoras. Os resultados do SSRS-BR indicaram, na avaliação do conjunto de alunos de duas turmas, melhora em Responsabilidade/Cooperação e na Competência Acadêmica, na avaliação das professoras; em Amabilidade e Autocontrole passivo e diminuição de Comportamentos internalizantes (Turma 2), na avaliação dos pais. Em relação às crianças com baixo rendimento acadêmico das três turmas, na avaliação das professoras, a maioria das crianças melhorou em Responsabilidade/Cooperação e Competência Acadêmica; na avaliação dos pais, a maioria das criança melhorou no Escore global de habilidades sociais, em Cooperação e ainda houve diminuição de pelo menos um escore de Comportamentos problemáticos; na autoavaliação, as crianças melhoraram em Autocontrole. Os dados da avaliação contínua dos alunos com baixo rendimento acadêmico indicaram que a maioria melhorou a qualidade das habilidades sociais após o programa de intervenção. A intervenção foi aplicada com integridade de 80% para a Professora 1 e 75% para a Professora 2. Os dados indicaram que o programa universal de habilidades sociais com utilização do RMHSC-Del-Prette produziu mudanças relevantes nos comportamentos cooperativos, no rendimento acadêmico e nos problemas de comportamento, quando aplicado pelo professor, inclusive em crianças com baixo rendimento. Verificou-se que, na aplicação deste programa, a integridade igual ou acima de 75% foi capaz de produzir alterações no comportamento das crianças, entretanto, discute-se a importância da capacitação do professor e a investigação de características do agente da intervenção na implementação do programa.
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