Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2009. / Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Creative Technologies and Media. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-222)

Thesis (Licenciado en Nutriciʹon y Dietʹtica)--Universidad Tʹecnica del Norte. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud Escuela de Nutriciʹon y Dietʹeica. / Abstract in Spanish and English.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2010.

Proefschrift - Amsterdam. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-14Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:48:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000814852.pdf: 541054 bytes, checksum: 7e6d631c5a458171562beda9fbdd0c54 (MD5) / A administração de lidocaína é indicada em equinos com cólica devido aos seus efeitos anti-inflamatório, analgésico visceral e pró-cinético. Objetivando avaliar os efeitos da administração de lidocaína sistêmica sobre a complacência, motilidade intestinal e parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, foram utilizados sete equinos, divididos em dois grupos. Estes foram compostos pelos mesmos animais, em estudo cego, com intervalo mínimo de 15 dias entre os tratamentos. O grupo lidocaína (GL) recebeu bolus de 1,3 mg/kg (IV), durante 5 minutos, seguido de infusão contínua de 0,05 mg/kg/min (IV), durante 60 minutos. O grupo controle (GC) recebeu volume equivalente de solução NaCl 0,9% ao administrado no GL. Trinta dias antes do estudo, os animais foram submetidos à tiflostomia e implantação de cânula cecal. No dia do estudo, os animais foram submetidos à distensão intraluminal de íleo por meio de balão e mantidos em posição quadrupedal. A manifestação de desconforto abdominal e os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios foram avaliados por 90 minutos e a motilidade intestinal e concentração plasmática de lidocaína por 720 minutos. A complacência intestinal foi avaliada pela pressão do balão ileal durante 60 minutos ou até que dois sinais de desconforto abdominal fossem manifestados. Os valores de frequência cardíaca, temperatura retal, altura de cabeça, motilidade e pressão do balão não variaram entre GL e GC. Os valores da pressão arterial média variaram no GL, havendo incremento após dois e redução após 90 minutos de avaliação. A frequência respiratória no GL sofreu redução após 60 minutos, entretanto, no GC houve incremento após dois e quatro minutos da distensão do balão. O modelo desenvolvido para este estudo apresentou resultados confiáveis e expressivo potencial de replicação. A administração de lidocaína não apresenta influência sobre os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios ... / Lidocaine administration is indicated for horses with colic due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and prokinetic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic lidocaine administration on intestinal wall compliance, motility and the cardiorespiratory parameters in seven horses. Animals were divided in two groups, in a double-blinded study, with a wash out period of 15 days in between treatments. The lidocaine group (LG) received a bolus of 1.3 mg/kg (IV) over five minutes, followed by a constant rate infusion of 0.05 mg/kg/h during 60 minutes. The control group (CG) received the same volume of saline that animals from LG were treated. Thirty days before the study, animals were submitted to a typhlostomy. At the day of the study, intraluminal ileum distension was performed using a balloon with animals under quadrupedal position. Signs of abdominal pain and cardiorespiratory parameters were evaluated for 90 minutes, and intestinal motility and lidocaine plasma concentration for 720 minutes. Intestinal complacence was evaluated by the pressure of the balloon during 60 minutes or until two signs of abdominal discomfort were observed. Heart rate, rectal temperature, height of the head, intestinal motility and pressure of the balloon were not different between LG and CG. Arterial blood pressure increased after two minutes and decreased after 90 minutes of evaluation. Respiratory rate reduced after 60 minutes for the LG, however, for the CG this parameter increased after two and four minutes of evaluation. The experimental model for intestinal distension was trustful and is potentially replicable. Lidocaine administration did not influence the cardiorespiratory parameters and the intestinal complacence evaluated using the pressure of the balloon in the equine ileus

Orientador: Carlos Augusto Araújo Valadão / Coorientador: Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória / Banca: Paulo Aléscio Canola / Banca: Juliana Regina Peiro / Resumo: A administração de lidocaína é indicada em equinos com cólica devido aos seus efeitos anti-inflamatório, analgésico visceral e pró-cinético. Objetivando avaliar os efeitos da administração de lidocaína sistêmica sobre a complacência, motilidade intestinal e parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, foram utilizados sete equinos, divididos em dois grupos. Estes foram compostos pelos mesmos animais, em estudo cego, com intervalo mínimo de 15 dias entre os tratamentos. O grupo lidocaína (GL) recebeu bolus de 1,3 mg/kg (IV), durante 5 minutos, seguido de infusão contínua de 0,05 mg/kg/min (IV), durante 60 minutos. O grupo controle (GC) recebeu volume equivalente de solução NaCl 0,9% ao administrado no GL. Trinta dias antes do estudo, os animais foram submetidos à tiflostomia e implantação de cânula cecal. No dia do estudo, os animais foram submetidos à distensão intraluminal de íleo por meio de balão e mantidos em posição quadrupedal. A manifestação de desconforto abdominal e os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios foram avaliados por 90 minutos e a motilidade intestinal e concentração plasmática de lidocaína por 720 minutos. A complacência intestinal foi avaliada pela pressão do balão ileal durante 60 minutos ou até que dois sinais de desconforto abdominal fossem manifestados. Os valores de frequência cardíaca, temperatura retal, altura de cabeça, motilidade e pressão do balão não variaram entre GL e GC. Os valores da pressão arterial média variaram no GL, havendo incremento após dois e redução após 90 minutos de avaliação. A frequência respiratória no GL sofreu redução após 60 minutos, entretanto, no GC houve incremento após dois e quatro minutos da distensão do balão. O modelo desenvolvido para este estudo apresentou resultados confiáveis e expressivo potencial de replicação. A administração de lidocaína não apresenta influência sobre os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios ... / Abstract: Lidocaine administration is indicated for horses with colic due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and prokinetic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic lidocaine administration on intestinal wall compliance, motility and the cardiorespiratory parameters in seven horses. Animals were divided in two groups, in a double-blinded study, with a wash out period of 15 days in between treatments. The lidocaine group (LG) received a bolus of 1.3 mg/kg (IV) over five minutes, followed by a constant rate infusion of 0.05 mg/kg/h during 60 minutes. The control group (CG) received the same volume of saline that animals from LG were treated. Thirty days before the study, animals were submitted to a typhlostomy. At the day of the study, intraluminal ileum distension was performed using a balloon with animals under quadrupedal position. Signs of abdominal pain and cardiorespiratory parameters were evaluated for 90 minutes, and intestinal motility and lidocaine plasma concentration for 720 minutes. Intestinal complacence was evaluated by the pressure of the balloon during 60 minutes or until two signs of abdominal discomfort were observed. Heart rate, rectal temperature, height of the head, intestinal motility and pressure of the balloon were not different between LG and CG. Arterial blood pressure increased after two minutes and decreased after 90 minutes of evaluation. Respiratory rate reduced after 60 minutes for the LG, however, for the CG this parameter increased after two and four minutes of evaluation. The experimental model for intestinal distension was trustful and is potentially replicable. Lidocaine administration did not influence the cardiorespiratory parameters and the intestinal complacence evaluated using the pressure of the balloon in the equine ileus / Mestre

Doctorat en sciences médicales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Human gut harbors 100 trillion microbial organisms that is intrinsically linked to individual’s health and diseases, including cancer. Food fiber and phytochemicals such as polyphenols are considered as prebiotic-like dietary modifiers. They can influence the gut microbial communities, and in turn to modulate disease outcome and drug responses of the host. Saponins belong to a family of phytochemicals commonly found in many medicinal and edible plants. Herbal saponins have raised keen interest among scientists for their health-promoting effects, but have not been investigated for their potential as prebiotics. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Gp) is riched in triterpenoid saponins and has been consumed in China and other part of the world as an herbal tea and as a folk medicine. In our lab, we have demonstrated that Gp possesses strong anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Whether Gp possesses prebiotic property and whether gut microbiota plays any part of the anticancer effect of Gp are the questions addressed in the present study. Thus, we hypothesized that Gp saponins (GpS) might modulate the gut microbiota, which in turn enhance its anticancer activities. In the study, the gut microbiome analysis were carried out using two main techniques, neamly the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) and 16S pyrosequencing approaches. Both xenograft nude mice and Apcmin/+ mice were employed as the animal models to investigate the interaction between the herbal saponins and the gut microbiota in the host. Athymic nude mice have been employed for tumorigenic research for decades, however, the relationships between the gut microbiome and host’s response to the grafted tumors and drug treatments are unexplored. For the first part of the thesis, we investigated the relationship between the gut microbiota and grafted tumor in the nude mice under the treatment of Gp saponins. Partial least squared discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of ERIC-PCR data showed that the microbiota profile of xenograft nude mice departed from that of the nonxenograft mice. However, prolonged treatment of GpS seems to realign the fecal microbiota with the pretreatment control. Pyrosequencing data reiterated the differences in fecal microbiome between the nonxenograft and xenograft animals. GpS treatment had a much stronger impact on the phylotypes of the xenograft than the nonxenograft mice. In addition, GpS treatment markedly induced the relative abundance of Clostridium cocleatum and Bacteroides acidifaciens, for which the beneficial effects on the host have been well documented. ApcMin/+ colorectal cancer mouse model was further employed for the investigation of the association of the gut microbiota and cancer occurred inside the gut, which was a more direct site to interact with the gut microbiota. In the ApcMin/+ mouse model, we found distinct difference of fecal microbiome between the ApcMin/+ and the wild-type littermates. GpS treatment significantly reduced the number of intestinal polyps. GpS also increased the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes and reduced the sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria lineage and potential opportunistic pathogens, which might cause certain deleterious effects to the host. The impact of GpS on the gut mucosal environment was also examined. We found GpS treatment improved the gut barrier function by increasing the numbers of Paneth cells, goblet cells, up-regulating the expression of E-cadherin and down-regulating the expression of N-cadherin in the intestine. In addition, GpS treatment down-regulated the protein expression of beta-catenin and p-STAT3. Furthermore, higher levels of anti-inflammatory and tissue repair-related cytokines as well as Arginase I, but lower level of iNOS expression were found in GpS-treated ApcMin/+ mice, indicating increased anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype M2 (associated with tissue repair) and reduced proinflammatory phenotype M1. Furthermore, in addition to GpS, other herbal saponins also showed prebiotic-like effects in C57BL/6 mice. In summary, this study provides first hand evidence for the impact of herbal saponins on the gut microbial ecosystem and new insight into mechanisms responsible, at least in part, for the activities of GpS. We demonstrate that tumor growth induce intestinal dysbiosis. GpS treatment can inhibit tumor progression and concurrently alter the microbiome by increasing symbionts and/or decreasing pathobionts, which may contribute to its chemopreventive effect against tumorigenesis. Herbal saponins showing prebiotic-like effects may be used for improving the health of the host by manipulation of the gut microbiota.

The placenta and fetal intestines are two key nutrient transport organs that sustain and nurture growing fetus. Insufficient placental development and consequently inadequate fetal nutrient supply can lead to IUGR resulting in low birth weight offspring. Our experimental objectives were to investigate the effects of elevated maternal nutrition, IUGR, and E2 supplementation during mid-gestation (in an attempt to rescue IUGR offspring) on placental and fetal intestinal cell proliferation, angiogenic gene expression, and vascularity. Limited responsiveness in placental development and vascularization to E2 supplementation was observed, likely due to inappropriate timing or dose of E2. However, maternal E2 supplementation increased fetal small intestinal length and GUCY1b3 mRNA expression, suggesting that E2 supplementation has positive effects on IUGR fetal intestinal growth. In conclusion, understanding molecular mechanisms associated with IUGR and possible effects of E2 supplementation in rescuing IUGR may lead to enhanced human health and livestock production efficiency.

The parasitic nematodes Ancylostoma caninum and Oesophagostomum radiatum were collected and analyzed for intestinal inorganic granules. Three means of identification were utilized to determine the composition granules, including birefringence, x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometric (EDS) analysis. Initial x-ray diffraction results of the two worms showed a calcium sulfide presence within the worms. Closer examination of the granules within Ancylostoma caninum however, utilizing EDS analysis revealed their composition to be zinc sulfide. These results concur with those of Rogers (1940) and Clark (1956) who found zinc sulfide granules in several species of Strongylus. The ZnS granules seem to be a result of a detoxification function that binds excess zinc and sulfhydryl groups present from the ingestion and breakdown of dietary blood meals.