Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to poor behavioral outcomes of adults. Even though lots of studies have been conducted to examine the impact of family violence on children, not many studies have conducted research for understanding the long-term impact of family violence on adults later. In the current study, the long-term effect of domestic violence in childhood will be measured by using undergraduate students at University of Louisiana, Lafayette. First, the correlation between domestic violence in childhood and their current dating violence tendency will be examined. In addition, it will be examined how the experience of domestic violence in childhood is related to their academic achievement and their psychosocial status, such as depressive symptoms.

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Bakgrund En av tre kvinnor upplever våld någon gång under livet, ofta av en partner. Detta trauma kan leda till posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD) hos de utsatta kvinnorna. PTSD kan utvecklas flera år efter en traumatisk händelse. De utsatta kvinnorna påverkas negativt av stress och stress är en stor faktor till en störd sömn. De utsatta kvinnorna utsätts för olika sorters lidande i relation till traumat de upplevt och de efterföljande effekterna. Som teoretisk referensram användes därmed lidande. Sjuksköterskan, som möter dessa utsatta kvinnor i sitt arbete, har ett krav på sig att reagera tidigt vid tecken på våld i en nära relation. Syfte Att utforska hur sömnen påverkas hos kvinnor med PTSD eller symtom på PTSD till följd av våld i nära relationer. Metod Tio kvantitativa artiklar söktes fram i databaserna PsycINFO och CINAHL genom en systematisk blocksökning och kvalitetsgranskades. En allmän litteraturöversikt användes som analys. Resultat Det finns ett samband mellan våld i nära relationer, PTSD och upplevda sömnstörningar hos kvinnor som varit utsatta. Sömnstörningarna påverkar kvinnornas hälsa och sömn negativt. De som rapporterade mardrömmar uppgav till stor del att de var hemska, grafiska och störde nattsömnen. Slutsats Kvinnor som utsätts för våld i en nära relation är ett utbrett folkhälsoproblem där det inte är ovanligt att kvinnorna utvecklar PTSD och därmed lider av störd sömn. Det i sin tur kan skapa ett lidande för kvinnorna.

This study aims to examine the Swedish Social Services work with women exposed to domestic violence by their male partner. The study investigates the opportunities versus the obstacles that social workers may encounter in their purpose to help and support these women. Methods used were qualitative, semi-structured interviews with four social workers.  The study found that problems that can occur in social services work with women exposed to domestic violence are insufficient routines in the organization, inadequate opportunities to help with housing and difficulties with the cooperation within Social Services between different sections. In terms of cooperation with external professionals, the social workers found the biggest struggle with the police. There are also difficulties when it comes to motivating women to receive help and a problem seems to be that there are limited possibilities to work with the abuser. The conclusion of this study is that changes need to be done on an organizational level. Currently it seems to be a lot of responsibility laid on the individual social worker regarding cases related to intimate partner violence. There needs to be more distinct routines, better conditions for cooperation and compulsory education for social workers about intimate partner violence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a well-recognized public health issue with significant consequences for victims, families, communities, and society at large. Although IPV was once thought to be an almost exclusively male-to-female problem, in recent years it has become more widely understood that IPV also occurs in the context of women’s LGBTQ+ relationships. LGBTQ+ individuals experience ongoing stress because they live in a heterosexist society, termed minority stress, which has been associated with many negative sequelae including attachment insecurity and IPV. Thus, it is pertinent to examine how one’s context, specifically minority stress caused by oppression, may uniquely influence IPV in women LGBTQ+ couples. A sample of 64 LGBTQ+ identified women currently in same-gender relationships filled out self-report questionnaires on minority stress, attachment style, and IPV. Contrary to expectations, it was determined that two types of minority stress, internalized homophobia and experiences of discrimination and heterosexism, were not associated with physical or psychological IPV. However, internalized homophobia was significantly associated with attachment avoidance, but not attachment anxiety. Both attachment anxiety and avoidance were significantly associated with psychological, but not physical, IPV. Mediation analysis revealed an inconsistent significant mediation for the effect of internalized homophobia on psychological IPV; this occurs when the mediator acts as a suppressor variable or a variable that masks any direct effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. In the current study, the overall indirect effect of internalized homophobia on psychological IPV through attachment avoidance and anxiety was significant. The direct effect of internalized homophobia on psychological IPV was significant but the association was negative, such that once attachment (the suppressor variable) was included in the model, lower internalized homophobia was associated with greater psychological IPV. Overall, internalized homophobia uniquely contributed to attachment insecurity, particularly attachment avoidance, which is a significant risk factor for IPV in women’s same-gender relationships The global COVID-19 pandemic onset occurred before data collection commenced, thus questions were added to measure related changes in psychological symptoms, relationship stress, and IPV related to the pandemic. Psychological symptoms including sadness, loneliness, anxiety, and grief increased in the current sample since the pandemic onset. Similarly, self-reported relationship stress due to work, childcare, and health increased since pandemic onset. An increase in relationship stress was significantly positively correlated with an increase in psychological IPV since the pandemic onset. Thus, there was already an impact on participant’s mental health and stress even within the first six months of the pandemic, although most participants did not report an increase in IPV at that time. Overall, the current study highlights the importance of attachment avoidance as a risk factor for IPV in women’s same gender relationships. Additionally, the startlingly high prevalence rates of IPV and discrimination among LGBTQ+ women speaks to the urgent need to continue fighting against oppression and heterosexism to reduce minority stress and to develop IPV resources that better serve the LGBTQ+ population. / Graduate

While a growing body of literature in the field of criminal justice documents the relationship between victimization and offending, only recently has this knowledge been applied to the study of intimate partner violence (IPV). Accordingly, questions remain with regard to the theoretical origins of mutual violence between intimates. In an effort to fill this void in the literature, the current study examines the etiology of moderate forms of mutual IPV, specifically assessing self-control theory's applicability to the victim-offender overlap in IPV. Data were obtained from Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to investigate whether low self-control at Wave I predicts IPV victimization, IPV offending, or both IPV victimization and offending at Wave IV. The present study extends prior literature examining the role of self-control in IPV by (1) investigating the influence of self-control on the victim-offender overlap in IPV, (2) using longitudinal data, and (3) utilizing a sample of U.S. adults ages 24 to 33. While low self-control was found to significantly predict IPV offending and the overlap in IPV victimization and offending, low self-control failed to significantly predict IPV victimization. Policy implications, study limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Denna kvalitativa studie ämnar till att undersöka hur kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relation upplever bemötandet av myndigheter när de söker hjälp. Myndigheterna som främst ligger till fokus är polismyndigheten och socialtjänsten. Underlaget har insamlats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer där sex kvinnor delat tankar, känslor och upplevelser av mötet med myndigheter efter att de hade utsatts för våld. Studiens teoretiska ramverk är Papakostas (2009) tillit och misstro, Bourdieus (Bourdieu & Wacquant 1992) fält och symboliskt våld samt Goffmans (1998) framträdandet och intrycksstyrningen som har tillämpats som verktyg för att analysera resultatet. Intervjuerna har transkriberats och kodats för att sedermera utvärderas med tematisk analys.Studiens resultat visar att detta möte är en ömsesidigt förståelse där myndighetens mål till att tillgodose kvinnans behov kan bli svårt om kvinnan inte berättar vad hon behöver. Kvinnas kunskap om myndigheterna påverkar hennes inställning och förväntning av mötet med myndigheten. Vidare framkom att ett negativt upplevt möte och bemötande kan vara tillräckligt för att den redan skambelagda kvinnan ska ge upp och tappa tilliten till att få hjälp från välfärdsstaten. / The aim of this qualitative study is to investigate how women who have been subjected to violence in a close relationship experience the treatment of the authority when they look for help. The authorities that are the focus of this study is the police and social services. The studies data is collected from semi structured interviews with six women who were a part of this violence and have been in contact with these named authorities. The theoretical framework of the study is Bourdieu's (Bourdieu & Wacquant 1992) field and symbolic voilence. Papakosta's (2009) trust and mistrust and Goffman's (1998) appearance which has also been applied as a tool to analyze the results. The empirical data is transcribed, coded and evaluated with the help of thematic analysis among which by means of those selected theories, it shows how the experience of a woman from the meeting can lead into trust and suspicion to the committed police and social service authorities. The result of this study makes it clear that a mutual understanding of both sides is an important factor. The authorities’ goal is to please the women's needs and requires that women clarify her needs. The knowledge that women have from the authorities is crucial for their attitudes and expectation of the meeting with the authorities. Furthermore, it emerged that negatively experienced meetings and treatment may be enough for the already disgraced woman to give up and lose confidence in receiving help from the welfare state.

Bakgrund En av tre kvinnor har någon gång under deras livstid blivit utsatta för våld i nära relation. Mäns våld mot kvinnor är ett jämställdhetsproblem som hindrar kvinnor från sina mänskliga rättigheter. Hälso- och sjukvården ska förespråka att våld i nära relation är oacceptabelt. För att kunna vårda dessa kvinnor behöver hälso- och sjukvården tid, beredskap, kunskap och goda rutiner. Syfte Att beskriva vilka erfarenheter kvinnor som utsätts för våld i nära relation har av kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården. Metod En strukturerad litteraturstudie som baseras på 10 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ och kvantitativ design. Artiklarna i studien eftersöktes i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och PsycInfo. En kvalitetsgranskning gjordes med hjälp av SBU:s granskningsmallar och analyserades efter Fribergs analysmodell. Resultat I resultatet framkommer det att kvinnorna i de olika studierna har ett behov av trygghet, ett bra bemötande, stöd, integritet och att bli frågade om våldet. Utifrån det delades resultatet in i fem olika teman, bemötande, stöd och information, vikten av integritet, trygghet och tillit samt att ställa frågan. Slutsats Kvinnor som lever i våld i nära relation har liknande erfarenheter av kontakt med hälso-och sjukvården. De positiva erfarenheter präglas av ett gott bemötande och god information, vilket visar sig kunna lindra lidandet hos kvinnorna. De negativa erfarenheterna präglades av ett dåligt bemötande av hälso-och sjukvårdspersonalen vilket orsakade ett ökat vårdlindande. Studien visar att en god relation till kvinnorna och ett gott bemötande är viktigt. / Background One in three women has at some point in their lives been exposed to violence in a close relationship. Men's violence against women is a gender equality problem that prevents women from their human rights. The health care system must advocate that violence in a close relationship is unacceptable. To be able to care for these women, the health service needs time, preparedness, knowledge and good routines. Aim To describe what experiences women who are exposed to violence in close relationships have from contact with health care. Method A structured literature study based on 10 scientific articles with qualitative and quantitative design. The articles in the study were searched in the databases Cinahl, PubMed and PsycInfo. A quality review was performed with the help of SBU's review templates and was analyzed according to Friberg's analysis model. Results The results show that the women in the various studies have a need for security, a good treatment, support, integrity and to be asked about the violence. Based on this, the results were divided into five different themes, attitudes, support and information, the importance of integrity, security and trust and asking the question. Conclusions Women who live in violence in close relationships have similar experiences of contact with health care. The positive experiences are characterized by a good treatment and good information, which proves to alleviate the suffering of women. The negative experiences were characterized by a poor treatment of the health care staff, which caused an increase in care relief. The study shows that a good relationship with women and a good attitude are important.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts the lives of millions of individuals, devastating survivors, and damaging families. Many survivors are unsure of how to get help, and many have limited access to resources. In recent years, those affected by IPV have turned online for answers and support, including forums such as Reddit, to anonymously disclose their experiences. This study examined the dialogue online between survivors of violence and those who respond to their posts on Reddit. The aim is to better understand the kinds of conversations and responses that are occurring in online communities discussing IPV. Analysis of the domestic violence subreddit highlighted positive conversations focused on helping survivors as commenters offered support, advise, understanding, education, access to resources and additional information to aid survivors in receiving help.

Background: Internal migration, a consequence of the demographic transition towards urbanization driven by globalization, represents a particular public health challenge. Change in residence from one sociocultural geographic context to another, with not only economic implications, but also changes in women’s long-established relationships of family interdependence, influences gender relations and can influence Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) against women. Different migratory trajectories may be related to IPV. The aim of this study was to identify the association between internal migration and physical and/or sexual violence against women in the last 12 months. Methods: A secondary analytical cross-sectional analysis of the publicly accessible 2015–2017 Demographic and Family Health Survey (DHS) was performed. The outcome variable was reported physical and/or sexual violence inflicted by the partner (IPV) during the last 12 months. Exposure variable was internal migration, operationalized from three questions: current place of residence, principal place of residence before 12 years of age and number of years of residence in the current place. Migrants were classified as those who reported having lived for 5 years or more in the current location and were categorized as rural-rural migrants, urban-urban migrants, urban–rural migrants and rural–urban migrants, recent migrants and nonmigrants those who resided in the same place all their lives. To identify the association between internal migration and physical violence, a generalized linear model (GLM) of the family and the log Poisson link log option was used, and the results are presented as prevalence ratios (PRs). A crude model and a model adjusted for confounding variables were performed. Results: Rural–urban migrant women had a 15.0% higher probability of experiencing IPV than nonmigrant women (PRa 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.29, p = 0.015), while the probability of experiencing IPV in the last 12 months for urban–rural, rural-rural,urban-urban migrantand recent migrant women was not significantly different from that of nonmigrant women. Conclusion: Rural–urban migration among women of childbearing age is a factor associated with a higher probability of IPV in the last 12 months. The identification of women with this rural–urban migration pattern could help prioritize those that may experience a greater probability of physical and/or sexual violence in Peru, it must be studied if this pattern is the same in other countries. / Revisión por pares