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Background: Over the last 30 years, Sweden's agricultural industry has changed significantly, with land prices rising and the number of agricultural firms steadily declining as they are replaced by larger farms. In the near future, there will be a considerable increase in the number of ownership transfers initiated in Sweden, this since in 2020 one-third of agricultural entrepreneurs with sole proprietorships were 65 or older. Purpose: The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to identify factors influencing family farm succession intentions, as well as (2) to address the theoretical deficit within family farm research by establishing the two implicit economic and emotional paradigms with a theoretical foundation, and ultimately contribute towards determining which theoretical approach is best for explaining succession in family farms. Method: The researchers used a positivist research philosophy in conjunction with a deductive research approach. The quantitative technique was utilized to collect data, with the researchers employing a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to Swedish farmers. Pearson correlation and binary logistic regression tests were used to further analyze the data. Conclusion: The findings show that family farm exposure is significant for intra-family succession in Swedish family farms; a factor derived from intergenerational solidarity theory. This implies that a theory from another domain is applicable to family farm research, and that the emotional perspective has a greater influence on farmer succession intentions than the economic perspective.

[pt] Em 2003, o Congresso Nacional aprovou uma lei regulamentando o crédito consignado, o que causou um grande impacto no crédito a pessoas físicas. No capítulo 1, forneço evidências que o crédito consignado teve um efeito pequeno, mas não desprezível, nas escolhas ocupacionais. Em particular, eu encontro evidências que o crédito consignado está associado positivamente com escolhas ocupacionais com características de empreendedorismo. Esse efeito é mais forte em indivíduos que estão numa faixa etária onde dificilmente será um aposentado e residem em famílias com aposentados e pensionistas, o que sugere a existência de mecanismos de transferência intra-familiares. No Capítulo 2, eu apresento evidências de que o crédito consignado tem um efeito pequeno, mas não desprezível, nos indicadores de saúde dos idosos. Em particular, o crédito consignado está: 1) negativamente associado com as taxas de mortalidade nas faixas etárias de 60 a 69 anos e 70 a 79 anos. 2) negativamente associado com indices de dificuldades físicas. Esse efeito é maior em famílias com menor renda. 3) positivamente associado com um número de consultas médicas por ano. Usando uma abordagem diff-diff, encontro evidência de que um possível mecanismo é um aumento de gastos com saúde nas famílias com maior proporção de ganhos oriundos de aposentadorias nas suas rendas. / [en] In 2003, the Brazilian Congress passed a law regulating payroll lending, which had a large impact on consumer lending (Coelho et al [2011]). In Chapter 1, I present evidence that that payroll lending had a small but non-negligible impact on occupational choice. In particular I find that payroll lending is positively associated with more entrepreneurial-like occupations. The effect is stronger for individuals in age ranges unlikely to have retirees in families with retirees or pensioners, suggesting that intra-family transfer mechanisms are operative. In Chapter 2, I present evidence that that payroll lending had a small but non-negligible impact on health outcome for elderly citizens. In particular, we find that Payroll Lending: 1) is negatively associated with death rates on age ranges of 60-69 and 70-79 years old; 2) is associated with less physical disabilities. The effect is stronger for individuals in families with lower incomes; 3) is associated with more medical consultations per year. Using a diff-diff approach, I also find evidence that one possible mechanism is more health care spending in families with more proportion of retirement benefits in their income.

This article aimed to analyze two cases of sexual abuse against girls, one with three years old and another with six years old, which was perpetrated by their progenitors, and examined by a psychosocial team of a South Brazilian Forum. In both cases the mothers had a family history of incestuous sexual abuse, were living alone with their daughters and the proper disclosure of the abuse committed against the girls only happened after the guard reversal. The fathers showed a passive behavior against the ex-wives and they were still sexually attached to them. With regard to the sexual violence, they had trouble believing it had been perpetrated by the mothers. It was also observed the difficulty of specialized services (police stations) to receive and register the complaint / Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar dos casos de abuso sexual contra niñas, una con 3 y la otra con 6 años de edad, cometidos por sus progenitoras, y que fueron periciados por el equipo psicosocial de un Foro del sur de Brasil. En ambos casos las madres abusivas tenían una historia familiar de abuso sexual incestuoso y vivían solas con sus hijas, la revelación del abuso ocurrió solamente después de la reversión de guardia. Los padres de las niñas tenían un comportamiento pasivo en relación a las ex mujeres, aun siendo sexualmente unidos a ellas. En relación a la violencia sexual, los padres tenían problemas para creer lo que había sido perpetrado por ellas. Se observó también la dificultad de servicios especializados (comisarías de policía) para recibir y registrar la denuncia. / Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar dois casos de abuso sexual contra meninas, uma com 3 e a outra com 6 anos de idade, cometidos por suas genitoras, que foram periciados por equipe psicossocial de um Fórum do Sul do Brasil. Em ambos os casos as mães abusivas tinham uma historia familiar de abuso sexual incestuoso e viviam sozinhas com as filhas e a revelação do abuso ocorreu somente depois da reversão de guarda. Os pais das meninas apresentavam comportamento passivo em relação as ex mulheres ainda estando sexualmente ligados a elas. Em relação a violência sexual, eles tinham dificuldade em acreditar que havia sido perpetrada por elas. Se observou ainda a dificuldade dos serviços especializados (delegacias de policia) de receber e registrar a queixa.