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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Detection of porcine umbilical cord matrix stem cells in the intestine and other organs after oral and intraperitoneal administration to allogeneic recipients

Packthongsuk, Kreeson January 1900 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Duane Davis / Umbilical cords matrix stem cells (UCs) have been characterized most thoroughly in humans (HUCs) and are considered to have great promise for regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy. Although UCs were first identified in pigs the description of porcine UCs (PUCs) is limited. Here we reported some standard mesenchymal stem cell characteristics for PUCs. Development of knowledge about PUCs is useful because the pig is a valuable biomedical model for humans and the species is an important human food source. PUCs were isolated from Wharton’s jelly using an explant technique. They attached on the plastic and showed fibroblast-like morphology. Immunophenotype analysis showed they are positive for CD44, CD90 and CD105 and negative for CD31, CD45 and SLA-DR. Under specific in vitro conditions, PUCs were differentiated to adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes. The growth curve of PUCs exhibited a lag phase, log phase and doubling time of 24, 60 and 13.8 hour respectively. Engraftment potential of allogeneic PUCs administered orally and intraperitoneally (IP) was evaluated. Newborn, 1-day, 1-week, 2-week and 3-week old pigs were administered a dose of fluorescently labeled PUCs (1.1x107 cells/kg body weight) and their tissue incorporation were evaluated using confocal microscopy with confirmation by PCR to detect SRY gene, the Y-chromosome gene of male PUCs in female recipients. One week after PUCs administration, they were found mostly in the gastrointestinal tract and abdominal organs after either oral or intraperitoneal transplantation. The intestinal mucosa layer around the base of villi and intestinal crypts was the main location. PUCs were also detected in thoracic organs, muscle and bone marrow. Additionally, PKH26-labeled fibroblasts labeled were detected in recipient intestine 1 week after IP injection. Donor cells were not found in blood at one week post transplantation. When recipients were sacrificed at 6 h after IP injection PKH26-labeled PUCs were found mostly in omentum and diaphragm by PCR. It is likely these are the primary sites for donor cells in the peritoneal cavity to enter the circulation. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), using an SRY probe and PCR, demonstrated the PUCs isolated from recipient intestines by enzymatic digestion. Therefore, transplanted PUCs were recovered from the intestinal mucosa and were viable and able to proliferate in vitro.
32

Indução experimental do Diabetes mellitus em ratos Wistar submetidos à injeção intraperitoneal de aloxana em diferentes doses / Experimental induction of Diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats submitted to intraperitoneally injection of alloxan in different doses

Silva, Valter Dias da 27 June 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertao_Final[1].pdf: 848491 bytes, checksum: 6fe1a8632b97df927b7abf789ceb1fc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-27 / This study was to compare the effects the action diabetogenic of alloxan in different doses, through its administration intraperitoneally (ip) in Wistar rats. The animals were distributed randomly four in experimental groups: experimental control group (GC), consisting of 30 rats subjected to injection (ip) of sodium chloride solution 0.9%; Group 1 (G1), 2 (G2) and 3 (G3) consisting of 60 rats each, subject to injection (ip) alloxan 2% at doses of 120, 150 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Were evaluated during 15 days, on the following parameters: blood glucose, weight, water intake, dietary intake, urination chemical examination of urine (glucose, ketone bodies, and other parameters). It was concluded that the dose of 120 mg/kg alloxan at 2% (ip), when compared to the doses was most efficient, compared to the objectives of this study, it induced diabetes in a larger number of animals and promoted a low percentage of deaths. / Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar os efeitos da ação diabetogênica da aloxana em diferentes doses, por meio da sua administração intraperitoneal (ip) em ratos Wistar. Os animais foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em quatro grupos experimentais: grupo controle (GC), constituído por 30 ratos submetidos à injeção (ip) de solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9%; grupo 1 (G1), 2 (G2) e 3 (G3) constituídos por 60 ratos cada, submetidos à injeção (ip) de aloxana 2% nas doses de 120, 150 e 200mg/kg, respectivamente. Foram avaliados durante 15 dias, quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: glicose sanguínea, peso, ingestão hídrica, ingestão alimentar, volume urinário, exame químico da urina (glicose, corpos cetônicos e outros parâmetros). Concluiu-se que, a dose de 120mg/kg de aloxana a 2% (ip), quando comparada às demais doses foi a mais eficiente, frente aos objetivos deste estudo, pois induziu o diabetes em um maior número de animais e promoveu um baixo percentual de óbitos.
33

Indução experimental do Diabetes mellitus em ratos Wistar submetidos à injeção intraperitoneal de aloxana em diferentes doses / Experimental induction of Diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats submitted to intraperitoneally injection of alloxan in different doses

Silva, Valter Dias da 27 June 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertao_Final[1].pdf: 848491 bytes, checksum: 6fe1a8632b97df927b7abf789ceb1fc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-27 / This study was to compare the effects the action diabetogenic of alloxan in different doses, through its administration intraperitoneally (ip) in Wistar rats. The animals were distributed randomly four in experimental groups: experimental control group (GC), consisting of 30 rats subjected to injection (ip) of sodium chloride solution 0.9%; Group 1 (G1), 2 (G2) and 3 (G3) consisting of 60 rats each, subject to injection (ip) alloxan 2% at doses of 120, 150 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Were evaluated during 15 days, on the following parameters: blood glucose, weight, water intake, dietary intake, urination chemical examination of urine (glucose, ketone bodies, and other parameters). It was concluded that the dose of 120 mg/kg alloxan at 2% (ip), when compared to the doses was most efficient, compared to the objectives of this study, it induced diabetes in a larger number of animals and promoted a low percentage of deaths. / Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar os efeitos da ação diabetogênica da aloxana em diferentes doses, por meio da sua administração intraperitoneal (ip) em ratos Wistar. Os animais foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em quatro grupos experimentais: grupo controle (GC), constituído por 30 ratos submetidos à injeção (ip) de solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9%; grupo 1 (G1), 2 (G2) e 3 (G3) constituídos por 60 ratos cada, submetidos à injeção (ip) de aloxana 2% nas doses de 120, 150 e 200mg/kg, respectivamente. Foram avaliados durante 15 dias, quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: glicose sanguínea, peso, ingestão hídrica, ingestão alimentar, volume urinário, exame químico da urina (glicose, corpos cetônicos e outros parâmetros). Concluiu-se que, a dose de 120mg/kg de aloxana a 2% (ip), quando comparada às demais doses foi a mais eficiente, frente aos objetivos deste estudo, pois induziu o diabetes em um maior número de animais e promoveu um baixo percentual de óbitos.
34

Assessment of a Light-Activated Adhesive for Hernia Mesh Repair / Utvärdering av ett ljusaktiverat klister för bråcknätreparation

Amathieu, Ludivine January 2021 (has links)
Background and objectives: TISSIUM light-activated adhesive was investigated as an alternative to tissue-penetrating products to fix meshes in intraperitoneal laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. The objective of this study was to ensure efficient polymer light activation through commercial meshes and to assess the acute and chronic fixation strength of the light-activated adhesive in a porcine model in comparison to commercial fixation products. Methods: A spectroscopic analysis was conducted on the light-activated adhesive through three different meshes (1, 2, and 3) to quantify the acrylate conversion associated with the level of polymer cross-linking. Two setups were implemented: a static (light source fixed over a drop of polymer) and a dynamic (light source rotated around a pattern of polymer to mimic the surgical procedure). Hernia defects were created in porcine models and repaired either using the light-activated adhesive or a commercial product (A, B, C, and D) to fix a mesh. For each tested condition, the acute and chronic (3 months) fixation strength performances were assessed using burst ball and t-peel mechanical tests. Results: The light activation proved to be effective (more than 90% of the acrylates converted) in static in 7 seconds through the three meshes and in dynamic between 3 min and 5 min 32 sdepending on the considered mesh. In a burst ball test, the light-activated adhesive reached between 42 and 84% of the commercial products’ acute performance with the three meshes (between 75,9 and 95,9 N) and reached 88% of the commercial product A’s chronic performance with mesh 1 (610,1 N). A t-peel test demonstrated similar strength of ingrowth for the repairs using the light-activated adhesive or the commercial product A at the 3-month timepoint with mesh 1 (2,55 and 2,37 N/cm respectively). Conclusions: Data suggest the light-activated adhesive has the potential to be used in intraperitoneal laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. In a reasonable time, the adhesive is efficiently light-activated through commercial meshes. The light-activated adhesive’s performances to fix commercial meshes, both acute and chronic, are similar to commercial products, but with a strong advantage of not being tissue penetrating.
35

Chimiohyperthermie intrapéritonéale à l’oxaliplatine dans le traitement de la carcinose péritonéale d’origine appendiculaire

Marcotte, Éric 06 1900 (has links)
Objectif : La carcinose péritonéale (CP) d’origine appendiculaire est une pathologie rare avec un pauvre pronostic à long terme. Le but de cette étude fut d’évaluer une approche agressive utilisée dans notre institution au cours des cinq dernières années. Méthodes : Les données de tous les patients avec CP d’origine appendiculaire ont été recueillies et analysées de façon prospective. Le traitement consista en une cytoréduction chirurgicale complète de la CP suivie d’une chimiohyperthermie intrapéritonéale (CHIP) à l’oxaliplatine (460 mg/m2) dans 2 L/m2 de D5% à 43°C pendant 30 minutes. Résultats : De février 2003 à mars 2007, 38 patients eurent une laparotomie à visée curative. Vingt-trois patients reçurent la CHIP. Par contre, chez 10 patients, une cytoréduction complète fut impossible et pour 5 autres patients, la chirurgie de « second-look » s’est révélée négative ; ils ne reçurent donc pas de CHIP. Le suivi moyen fut de 23 mois. La survie globale à 3 ans fut de 100% pour le groupe « second-look » négatif, 86% pour le groupe CHIP et 29% pour les patients avec maladie non-résécable (p=0.0098). La survie sans maladie (SSM) à 3 ans fut de 49% pour les patients du groupe CHIP. Le grade histologique fut identifié comme facteur pronostique en regard de la SSM dans le groupe CHIP (p=0.011). Il y eut un décès post-opératoire. Le taux de complications chez les patients traités fut de 39%, incluant les abcès intra-abdominaux (22%), les hémorragies (18%) et les fuites anastomotiques (9%). Conclusion : Bien que ces résultats soient préliminaires, cette approche thérapeutique semble à la fois faisable et sécuritaire chez des patients sélectionnés. / Background: Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) arising from the appendix is a rare disease with a poor long-term prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of an aggressive approach used at our institution over the last five years. Methods: Data from all patients with a PC arising from the appendix were prospectively collected and analyzed. Treatment consisted of complete surgical cytoreduction of the tumor followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with oxaliplatin (460 mg/m2) in 2 L/m2 of D5W at 43˚C during 30 minutes. Results: From February 2003 to March 2007, 38 patients with PC arising from the appendix underwent laparotomy with curative intent. Mean follow-up was 23 months. Twenty-three patients received HIPEC but 10 patients could not have complete cytoreductive surgery and received no HIPEC. Five patients with a negative second-look surgery also received no HIPEC. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 100% for the negative second-look patients, 86% for the HIPEC patients, and 29% for the unresectable patients (p=0.0098). The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 49% for the HIPEC patients. Histologic grade was a prognostic factor with regard to DFS for the HIPEC patients (p = 0.011). There was one postoperative mortality. The overall complication rate for treated patients was 39%, including intra-abdominal abscess (22%), hemorrhage (18%), and anastomotic leak (9%). Conclusions: Although these results are preliminary, this therapeutic approach seems both feasible and safe in selected patients.
36

Chimiohyperthermie intrapéritonéale à l’oxaliplatine dans le traitement de la carcinose péritonéale d’origine appendiculaire

Marcotte, Éric 06 1900 (has links)
Objectif : La carcinose péritonéale (CP) d’origine appendiculaire est une pathologie rare avec un pauvre pronostic à long terme. Le but de cette étude fut d’évaluer une approche agressive utilisée dans notre institution au cours des cinq dernières années. Méthodes : Les données de tous les patients avec CP d’origine appendiculaire ont été recueillies et analysées de façon prospective. Le traitement consista en une cytoréduction chirurgicale complète de la CP suivie d’une chimiohyperthermie intrapéritonéale (CHIP) à l’oxaliplatine (460 mg/m2) dans 2 L/m2 de D5% à 43°C pendant 30 minutes. Résultats : De février 2003 à mars 2007, 38 patients eurent une laparotomie à visée curative. Vingt-trois patients reçurent la CHIP. Par contre, chez 10 patients, une cytoréduction complète fut impossible et pour 5 autres patients, la chirurgie de « second-look » s’est révélée négative ; ils ne reçurent donc pas de CHIP. Le suivi moyen fut de 23 mois. La survie globale à 3 ans fut de 100% pour le groupe « second-look » négatif, 86% pour le groupe CHIP et 29% pour les patients avec maladie non-résécable (p=0.0098). La survie sans maladie (SSM) à 3 ans fut de 49% pour les patients du groupe CHIP. Le grade histologique fut identifié comme facteur pronostique en regard de la SSM dans le groupe CHIP (p=0.011). Il y eut un décès post-opératoire. Le taux de complications chez les patients traités fut de 39%, incluant les abcès intra-abdominaux (22%), les hémorragies (18%) et les fuites anastomotiques (9%). Conclusion : Bien que ces résultats soient préliminaires, cette approche thérapeutique semble à la fois faisable et sécuritaire chez des patients sélectionnés. / Background: Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) arising from the appendix is a rare disease with a poor long-term prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of an aggressive approach used at our institution over the last five years. Methods: Data from all patients with a PC arising from the appendix were prospectively collected and analyzed. Treatment consisted of complete surgical cytoreduction of the tumor followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with oxaliplatin (460 mg/m2) in 2 L/m2 of D5W at 43˚C during 30 minutes. Results: From February 2003 to March 2007, 38 patients with PC arising from the appendix underwent laparotomy with curative intent. Mean follow-up was 23 months. Twenty-three patients received HIPEC but 10 patients could not have complete cytoreductive surgery and received no HIPEC. Five patients with a negative second-look surgery also received no HIPEC. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 100% for the negative second-look patients, 86% for the HIPEC patients, and 29% for the unresectable patients (p=0.0098). The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 49% for the HIPEC patients. Histologic grade was a prognostic factor with regard to DFS for the HIPEC patients (p = 0.011). There was one postoperative mortality. The overall complication rate for treated patients was 39%, including intra-abdominal abscess (22%), hemorrhage (18%), and anastomotic leak (9%). Conclusions: Although these results are preliminary, this therapeutic approach seems both feasible and safe in selected patients.
37

Nutritional regulation of central fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) expression, and its association with the central melanocortin signaling in the regulation of energy homeostasis

Poritsanos, Nicole Joanna 22 November 2010 (has links)
The central nervous system (CNS) melanocortin signaling pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolism. However, the regulatory effects of CNS melanocortin signaling on hepatic lipid metabolism and fatty liver disease have not been well established. Although the activity of the CNS melanocortin system is regulated by metabolic signals, the mechanism for this regulation is not fully understood. Variants of the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene are associated with obesity and FTO is expressed in the hypothalamic neurons including proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Therefore, it is hypothesized that hypothalamic FTO plays a role in the regulation of metabolism by mediating the effect of metabolic signals on hypothalamic melanocortinergic neurons, and that impairments in this regulation may cause metabolic impairments including obesity and fatty liver disease. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) treatment with SHU9119, a melanocortin antagonist, increased hepatic lipid accumulation and the expression of genes encoding lipogenic enzymes in lean mice. Conversely, i.c.v. treatment with MTII, a melanocortin agonist, reduced the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes in association with reduction in body weight in ob/ob mice, a mouse model of fatty liver disease. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that Fto is co-expressed in both POMC and agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons in the mouse hypothalamus. Fto mRNA and protein expression was reduced by fasting and increased by glucose treatment in nutritionally important hypothalamic nuclei. Fasting-induced reduction in hypothalamic Fto expression was observed in both lean wild-type and obese ob/ob mice, while the stimulatory effect of glucose on hypothalamic Fto expression was absent in ob/ob mice. These findings support the hypothesis that central melanocortin signaling regulates hepatic lipid metabolism in part by regulating de novo lipogenesis. Impairments in the central melanocortin signaling lead to the development of hepatic steatosis, while enhanced melanocortin signaling may be beneficial in reversing abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism in fatty liver disease (Poritsanos et al., 2008). These findings also support the hypothesis that Fto is expressed in the hypothalamic melanocortinergic neurons and is regulated by metabolic signals involving changes in CNS glucose availability and/or glucose action. Impairments in this regulation may cause metabolic impairments including obesity and fatty liver disease.
38

Nutritional regulation of central fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) expression, and its association with the central melanocortin signaling in the regulation of energy homeostasis

Poritsanos, Nicole Joanna 22 November 2010 (has links)
The central nervous system (CNS) melanocortin signaling pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolism. However, the regulatory effects of CNS melanocortin signaling on hepatic lipid metabolism and fatty liver disease have not been well established. Although the activity of the CNS melanocortin system is regulated by metabolic signals, the mechanism for this regulation is not fully understood. Variants of the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene are associated with obesity and FTO is expressed in the hypothalamic neurons including proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Therefore, it is hypothesized that hypothalamic FTO plays a role in the regulation of metabolism by mediating the effect of metabolic signals on hypothalamic melanocortinergic neurons, and that impairments in this regulation may cause metabolic impairments including obesity and fatty liver disease. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) treatment with SHU9119, a melanocortin antagonist, increased hepatic lipid accumulation and the expression of genes encoding lipogenic enzymes in lean mice. Conversely, i.c.v. treatment with MTII, a melanocortin agonist, reduced the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes in association with reduction in body weight in ob/ob mice, a mouse model of fatty liver disease. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that Fto is co-expressed in both POMC and agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons in the mouse hypothalamus. Fto mRNA and protein expression was reduced by fasting and increased by glucose treatment in nutritionally important hypothalamic nuclei. Fasting-induced reduction in hypothalamic Fto expression was observed in both lean wild-type and obese ob/ob mice, while the stimulatory effect of glucose on hypothalamic Fto expression was absent in ob/ob mice. These findings support the hypothesis that central melanocortin signaling regulates hepatic lipid metabolism in part by regulating de novo lipogenesis. Impairments in the central melanocortin signaling lead to the development of hepatic steatosis, while enhanced melanocortin signaling may be beneficial in reversing abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism in fatty liver disease (Poritsanos et al., 2008). These findings also support the hypothesis that Fto is expressed in the hypothalamic melanocortinergic neurons and is regulated by metabolic signals involving changes in CNS glucose availability and/or glucose action. Impairments in this regulation may cause metabolic impairments including obesity and fatty liver disease.
39

Euthanasia in laboratory rodents : alternatives to intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital

Laferriere, Colin 09 1900 (has links)
L'utilisation du pentobarbital de sodium (PB), injecté par voie intrapéritonéale (IP), est décrite comme une technique acceptable par les directives d'euthanasie de l'AVMA et du CCPA pour tuer les rongeurs. Cependant, de plus en plus de preuves contestent l'acceptabilité de l'IP PB. Celle-ci a été décrite comme inconsistante et il existe des données suggérant que cette technique pourrait induire de la douleur et du stress. L'objectif de cette thèse était donc de développer et d'évaluer des méthodes alternatives d'euthanasie. Au cours de l'étude pilote, nous avons développé un protocole d'injection pour les injections intrahépatiques (IH) de PB. Ensuite, nous avons testé cette injection sur des souris et des rats. Comme objectif secondaire, nous avons évalué l'utilisation de l'éthanol (ET) comme alternative au PB pour l’euthanasie des souris. Pour les souris, quatre-vingts souris CD1 adultes (mâles et femelles- 26,8 g [23-34 g], moyenne [intervalle]) ont été assignées au hasard à 6 groupes de traitement et ont été tuées par des injections IH ou des injections IP, en utilisant soit ET ou PB. Le taux de mauvaise injection (mauvais placement du contenu de l'injection) pour les essais IH était de 93% (28/30), y compris 14% intrathoracique (4/28), le reste ayant abouti dans la cavité péritonéale telle une injection IP. Ainsi, seulement 7% (2/30) des injections ont donné lieu à une administration hépatique (selon l’évaluation d'autopsie). Les injections IH ayant abouti dans le foie ont entraîné des décès quasi instantanés. Ces données montrent que les injections IH ne sont pas réalisables chez la souris étant donné la difficulté à frapper le foie et le risque d'injections intrathoraciques. D'autre part, l'IP ET a produit des temps significativement (p = 0.010; Mann-Whitney) plus courts de l'injection à l'arrêt du rythme cardiaque (CHB) (115s [88-185] médian [intervalle]) par rapport à l'IP PB (176s [123-260]), confirmant que l'ET est une alternative viable et potentiellement supérieure à la PB. Pour les rats, 66 injections IH et 14 injections IP ont été tentées sur des rats Sprague-Dawley mâles et femelles adultes (poids médian 371g, plage 170-730g), et ont entraîné un délai significativement plus rapide pour la perte du réflexe de redressement (LORR) (p < 0.0001, 95%CI 68 to 88s, Mann-Whitney) et temps de CHB (p < 0.0001, 95%CI 82 to 234s, Mann-Whitney) par rapport aux injections IP. Le temps médian de LORR et CHB après les injections IH était de 4s [1 to 96] et 142.5s [2 to 330] respectivement; alors que le temps médian de LORR et CHB après les injections IP était de 89.5s [73 to 110] et 275s [237 to 423], respectivement. Le taux de mauvaise injection, basé sur les évaluations d’autopsie, était plus élevé avec les injections IH qu'avec les injections IP (IH: 59%, IP: 29%); cependant, 97% des mauvaises injections IH ont tout de même produit une euthanasie réussie et rapide (LORR: 29s [1 to 96], CHB: 216s [12 to 330]. Les injections IH sont donc une alternative efficace aux injections IP pour l'euthanasie chez le rat, et présentent moins de risques d'échec des tentatives d'euthanasie. / The use of sodium pentobarbital (PB), injected intraperitoneally (IP), for killing rodents is described as an acceptable technique by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) euthanasia guidelines. However, there is a growing body of evidence challenging the acceptability of IP PB. It has been described as inconsistent and there is evidence that it may induce pain and stress. The objective of this thesis was to develop and evaluate alternative methods of euthanasia. During the pilot study, an injection protocol for intrahepatic (IH) injections of PB was developed and then tested on both mice and rats. As a secondary objective, the use of ethanol (ET) was evaluated as an alternative to PB for mice. For mice, eighty adult (male and female) CD1 mice (26.8g [23-34g], mean [range]) were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups and were killed by IH injections or IP injections, using either ET or PB. the misinjection rate (misplacement of injectate) for IH injections was 93% (28/30), including 14% intrathoracic (4/28), and the remainder were IP delivery. Only 7% (2/30) of IH attempts resulted in successful IH delivery, per necropsy evaluation. These yielded quasi-instantaneous deaths. These data show that IH injections are not feasible in mice given the difficulty in hitting the liver and the risk of intrathoracic injections. On the other hand, IP ET produced significantly (p = 0.010; Mann-Whitney) shorter time from injection to cessation of heartbeat (CHB) (115s [88-185] median [range]) compared with IP PB (176s [123-260]), confirming that ET is a viable and potentially superior alternative to PB. For rats, 66 IH injections and 14 IP injections were attempted on adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (median weight 371g, range 170-730g), and resulted in significantly faster time to loss of righting reflex (LORR) (p < 0.0001, 95%CI 68 to 88s, Mann-Whitney) and time to CHB (p < 0.0001, 95%CI 82 to 234s, Mann-Whitney) compared with IP injections. Time to LORR and CHB following IH injections were: LORR of 4s [1 to 96], CHB of 142.5s [2 to 330]; compared with IP injections: LORR of 89.5s [73 to 110], CHB of 275s [237 to 423). The misinjection rate was higher with IH injections than with IP injections (IH: 59%, IP: 29%); however, 97 % of IH misinjections resulted in fast and successful euthanasia (LORR: 29s [1 to 96], CHB: 216s [12 to 330]. IH injections are thus an efficacious alternative to IP injections for rat euthanasia and pose less risk of failed euthanasia attempts.
40

Anesthésie injectable sans opioïde avec ou sans analgésie multimodale chez les chatons subissant une ovariohystérectomie

Malo, Annie 12 1900 (has links)
Ce manuscrit rapporte une étude comparant un protocole d’anesthésie injectable sans opioïde avec ou sans analgésie multimodale chez des chatons subissant une ovariohystérectomie. Cette étude clinique, prospective, randomisée et à l’aveugle, inclut 29 chatons âgés entre 10 semaines et 6 mois. L’anesthésie générale était induite avec une injection intramusculaire de dexmédétomidine (40 μg/kg), kétamine (4 mg/kg) et midazolam (0,25 mg/kg). Le groupe multimodal (MMG; n=14) bénéficiait de méloxicam (0,1 mg/kg) sous-cutané et de bupivacaïne 0,25% intrapéritonéale (2 mg/kg), mais pas le groupe contrôle (CG; n=15). À quinze minutes post-opératoire, 0,4 mg/kg d’atipamézole était injecté intramusculaire. La douleur et la consommation de nourriture étaient évaluées pendant 24 heures post-opératoire. Une analgésie de secours (buprénorphine 0,02 mg/kg intramusculaire [CG et MMG] et méloxicam sous-cutané [CG]) était donnée lors de douleur ≥4/12 sur l’échelle de douleur multidimensionnelle féline de UNESP-Botucatu – forme courte. Les analyses statistiques ont été réalisées avec des modèles linéaires suivis de comparaisons pairées post-hoc avec correction de Benjamini-Hochberg (p<0,05). L'analgésie de secours était plus fréquente dans CG (n=15/15) que dans MMG (n=1/14) (p<0.001). Les scores de douleur (moyenne ± SD) étaient supérieurs dans CG à 1h, 2h et 4h post-opératoire (4.1±2.8, 4.8±3.0, 5.3±1.2, respectivement) que dans MMG (1.6±1.0, 1.1±1.0, 0.9±0.8, respectivement) (p<0.001). La consommation de nourriture (moyenne ± SD), en pourcentage, après 2 et 60 minutes, était supérieure dans MMG (9.7±9.1 et 74.2±29.1, respectivement) que dans CG (1.4±2.4 et 24.5±26.3, respectivement) à 1h post-opératoire (p<0.001). Ce protocole multimodal sans opioïde fournit une analgésie adéquate et supérieure au contrôle chez les chatons subissant une ovariohystérectomie. La douleur diminue la consommation de nourriture post-opératoire. / The study reported in this manuscript compared an opioid-free injectable anesthetic protocol with or without multimodal analgesia in kittens undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Twenty-nine healthy kittens aged between 10 weeks and 6 months were included in this prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial. Anesthesia was performed with an intramuscular injection of dexmedetomidine (40 μg/kg), ketamine (4 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.25 mg/kg). In the multimodal group (MMG), cats (n=14) received subcutaneous meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg) and intraperitoneal bupivacaine 0.25% (2 mg/kg), but not in the control group (CG, n=15). Atipamezole (0.4 mg/kg) was given intramuscular 15 minutes after surgery. Postoperative pain and soft food intake were evaluated at specific time points up to 24 hours. Rescue analgesia (intramuscular buprenorphine 0.02 mg/kg [in MMG and CG] and subcutaneous meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg [only in CG]) was administered when pain scores ≥4/12 according to the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional feline pain assessment scale – short form. Statistical analyses were performed with linear models and post-hoc pairwise comparison with Benjamini-Hochberg corrections (P<0.05). Prevalence of rescue analgesia was higher in CG (n=15/15) than MMG (n=1/14) (P<0.001). Pain scores (mean ± SD) were higher in CG at 1h, 2h and 4h postoperatively (4.1±2.8, 4.8±3.0, 5.3±1.2, respectively) than MMG (1.6±1.0, 1.1±1.0, 0.9±0.8, respectively) (P<0.001). Food intake (mean ± SD), in %, after 2 and 60 minutes was higher in MMG (9.7±9.1 and 74.2±29.1, respectively) than in CG (1.4±2.4 and 24.5±26.3, respectively) at 1h postoperatively (P<0.001). The multimodal opioid-free protocol produced superior postoperative analgesia than control in kittens undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Pain decreased postoperative food intake.

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