No description available.

In this work, transparent and rigid organogels suitable for intravitreal drug delivery applications were produced with pharmaceutical/food grade polar and amphiphilic solvents with HLB values ranging from 0-19. Maximum sterol solubility was obtained with solvents with approximately HLB=6. Solvents with high sterol solubility also required higher sterol concentrations to produce a gel. However, the strength of all the organogels increased with increasing sterol concentration. Furthermore, DSC and SAXS data suggest that the structure of all the organogels was similar. An in vitro release of dexamethasone was performed over a 5.5 month period using novel organogel- dexamethasone implants. The release of dexamethasone varied from 2 to 5.5 months (or more) depending on the organogel used for the implant. These multiple-month release in vitro profiles are comparable and/or exceed the release of commercially available and FDA approved dexamethasone delivery system Ozurdex (~2 month dexamethasone release).

In this work, transparent and rigid organogels suitable for intravitreal drug delivery applications were produced with pharmaceutical/food grade polar and amphiphilic solvents with HLB values ranging from 0-19. Maximum sterol solubility was obtained with solvents with approximately HLB=6. Solvents with high sterol solubility also required higher sterol concentrations to produce a gel. However, the strength of all the organogels increased with increasing sterol concentration. Furthermore, DSC and SAXS data suggest that the structure of all the organogels was similar. An in vitro release of dexamethasone was performed over a 5.5 month period using novel organogel- dexamethasone implants. The release of dexamethasone varied from 2 to 5.5 months (or more) depending on the organogel used for the implant. These multiple-month release in vitro profiles are comparable and/or exceed the release of commercially available and FDA approved dexamethasone delivery system Ozurdex (~2 month dexamethasone release).

PURPOSE. To determine the intravitreal pharmacokinetic properties and to study the systemic biodistribution characteristics of 1-124-labeled bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept with positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in a nonhuman primate model. METHODS. Three groups with four owl monkeys per group underwent intravitreal injection with 1.25 mg/0.05 mL 1-124 bevacizumab, 0.5 mg/0.05 mL 1-124 ranibizumab, or 2.0 mg/0.05 mL 1-124 aflibercept in the right eye of each subject. All subjects were imaged using PET/CT on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Serum blood draws were performed at hours 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and days 1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Radioactivity emission measurements were used to determine the intravitreal half-lives of each agent and to study the differences of radioactivity uptake in nonocular organs. RESULTS. The intravitreal half-lives were 3.60 days for 1-124 bevacizumab, 2.73 days for 1-124 ranibizumab, and 2.44 days for 1-124 aflibercept. Serum levels were highest and most prolonged for bevacizumab as compared to both ranibizumab and aflibercept. All agents were primarily excreted through the renal and mononuclear phagocyte systems. However, bevacizumab was also found in significantly higher levels in the liver, heart, and distal femur bones. CONCLUSIONS. Among the three anti-VEGF agents used in clinical practice, bevacizumab demonstrated the longest intravitreal retention time and aflibercept the shortest. Significantly higher and prolonged levels of bevacizumab were found in the serum as well as in the heart, liver, and distal bones. These differences may be considered by clinicians when formulating treatment algorithms for intravitreal therapies with these agents.

orionpizango@gmail.com / Case report: A 43-year-old female presented with decreased visual acuity in the right eye.“Snowball-like” retinal lesions were found in both eyes on examination. Due to a lackof improvement with intravitreal antifungal empirical treatment, vitreous culture wasperformed and Candida glabrata was isolated. The patient then received intravitreal ampho-tericin B, as well as systemic treatment with caspofungin and amphotericin B lipid complex.Discussion: Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening condition. There arefew reports of C. glabrata endogenous endophthalmitis. Treatment regimens for Candidaendophthalmitis include combinations of systemic and/or intravitreal antifungals, as wellas vitrectomy.

No description available.

No description available.

Despite of all the research going on for the treatment of ocular diseases, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains one of the serious vision threatening disease worldwide. Choroidal neovascularization, a pathophysiological characteristic of wet AMD, is the growth of anomalous blood vessels in the eye choroidal layer. Neovascularization is a key factor in AMD and thus anti-angiogenic therapy is beneficial in reducing the development of new abnormal blood vessels to prevent progression of AMD. Axitinib, multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a small molecule that works by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) and platelet derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) responsible for developing neovascularization. Thus, goal of this study was to develop and characterise a sustained release formulation of Axitinib loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized for particle size and zeta potential as well as using DSC, TEM and in vitro drug release profile. The cytotoxicity of the formulation was evaluated on human retinal pigmented epithelium ARPE19 cells by MTT assay. The cellular uptake, anti-migration assay, and VEGF expression levels were found out in vitro using cells. The optimized formulation was 131.33 ± 31.20 nm in size with -4.63± 0.76 mV zeta potential. Entrapment efficiency was found to be 87.9 ± 2.7%. The cytotoxicity of ARPE19 cells was less than 12% for nanoparticles suggesting the in vitro compatibility at 10 µM concentration of drug. Cellular uptake, anti-migration assay and VEGF expression levels for the nanoparticles had greater uptake, had significant anti-angiogenic potential and exhibited inhibition of VEGF activity. The results showed successful development of axitinib loaded PLGA nanoparticles as an alternative potential treatment option for AMD.

Problemformulering: Behandling med intravitreala injektioner ökar och patienter som genomgår denna behandling upplever ofta oro och osäkerhet. Det finns behov att stärka och tydliggöra ögonsjuksköterskans roll i omvårdnaden runt patienter som får injektionsbehandling. Detta för att på bästa sätt värna om både patienten och den egna professionen. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa ögonsjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter som behandlas med intravitreala injektioner. Metod: En intervjustudie med kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade frågor och induktiv ansats genomfördes. Åtta ögonsjuksköterskor från fem ögonmottagningar i Mellansverige deltog i studien. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fem kategorier och tio subkategorier. De fem kategorierna var; Ögonsjuksköterskans roll, Meningsfullt arbete, Patientperspektiv - ögonsjuksköterskornas upplevelser, Upplevda utmaningar och Betydelsefull utveckling. Konklusion: Ögonsjuksköterskorna upplevde sitt arbete meningsfullt och positivt, där de såg sig ha en viktig roll för patienterna. Den dagliga omvårdnaden blev dock inte alltid synlig och ögonsjuksköterskorna kunde ibland ha svårt att identifiera omvårdnaden de gav. Genom att utforma en lätthanterlig och tidseffektiv omvårdnadsdokumentation och individuell vårdplan kan ögonsjuksköterskans omvårdnad synliggöras vilket i sin tur kan möjliggöra patienternas delaktighet och stärka patientsäkerheten. Gruppinformation till patienter skulle också kunna vara ett led i utvecklingen. Förslag på vidare forskning är djupintervjuer med patienter och ögonsjuksköterskor för att undersöka hur vården skulle kunna utvecklas. / Problem definition: Treatment with intravitreal injections is increasing and patients undergoing this treatment often experience anxiety and insecurity. There is a need to strengthen and clarify the ophthalmic nurse's role in the care of patients receiving injection treatment. This is to best protect both the patient and the ophthalmic nurse’s profession. Purpose: The purpose was to illustrate the ophthalmic nurses’ experiences of caring for patients being treated with intravitreal injections. Method: A qualitative interview study with semi-structured questions and an inductive approach was performed. Eight ophthalmic nurses from five ophthalmic clinics in Central Sweden participated in the study. Results: The analysis resulted in five categories and ten subcategories. The five categories were; The ophthalmic nurse's role, Meaningful work, Patient perspective - The ophthalmic nurses' experiences, Perceived challenges and Significant development. Conclusion: The ophthalmic nurses experienced their work meaningful and positively, where they saw themselves as having an important role for the patients. However, daily care did not always become visible and the ophthalmic nurses could sometimes find it difficult to identify the care they provided. By designing an easy-to-use and time-efficient nursing documentation and individual care plan, the ophthalmic nurse's nursing can be made visible, which in turn can enable patients' participation and strengthen patient safety. Group information to patients could also be part of the development. Suggestions for further research are in-depth interviews with patients and ophthalmic nurses to investigate how the care could be developed.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20975号 / 医博第4321号 / 新制||医||1026(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 川上 浩司, 教授 鈴木 茂彦, 教授 開 祐司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM