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This bachelor thesis is related to the phenomenon of student volunteering, in Sweden, the field of study and its own context. Our argumentation is based on the concept of “motivation” and focused on the students of universities in Sweden. In order to lead this research, we created a survey and sent it to the 14 Erasmus Student Networks (ESN) of Sweden in order to use their database and spread the survey. We wanted to answer our research question: What are the motivations behind student volunteering in a Swedish context? We obtained 123 answers related to items of interest for our study: the motivations to start volunteering, the abilities students improved, how often student volunteer and why they don’t volunteer, for example. Moreover, we proposed a typology of volunteers depending on their frequency of volunteering. Note that most of the answers came from the city of Växjö, which consist of one of the biggest limitations of the results. We answered 6 hypothesis but only 4 of them found a suitable answer. Our findings are as following: younger surveyees tend to volunteer more frequently than older ones. Regarding their origins (Swedish or international student), it is not confirmed that volunteers want to improve different abilities and have different motives to volunteer. Furthermore, it is confirmed that students volunteer following intrinsic motivations more than extrinsic ones. Finally, we pointed out that Swedish students who are not studying at their home town volunteer for organizations in order to meet new people and to make new friends.

Problem: Hög produktivitet är ett måste för dagens organisationer i strävan mot ökad konkurrenskraft. Samtidigt visar motivationsforskningen att individer som upplever inre motivation är mer produktiva. Ett arbetssystem som gör anspråk på både ökad effektivitet och en motiverad arbetskraft är lean. En industri där lean fått fäste är lagerverksamheter med ständigt höga krav på ökad produktivitet och optimerade varuflöden. Forskningen kring lean och dess påverkan på medarbetare är dock motstridig. Detta beror på att lean inte är en enhetligt definierbar arbetsmetod då konceptet innefattar allt som handlar om att eliminera slöseri. På grund av detta saknar forskningen en samsyn gällande effekterna av lean på medarbetarna. Motivation i kombination med lean är även ett relativt nytt forskningsområde. Framförallt finns det få empiriska studier gällande medarbetares upplevelser av inre motivation i en lean-baserad lagerverksamhet. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap och förståelse om medarbetare på plocklagret i en lean-baserad lagerverksamhet upplever inre motivation. Vidare ämnar studien att kartlägga hur den studerade lagerverksamheten arbetar med lean för att belysa vilken påverkan lean har på den inre motivationen. Metod: Studien utgick från ett tolkande samhällsvetenskapligt perspektiv med en kvalitativ ansats. För att erhålla kunskap och förståelse gällande ett specifikt fall användes fallstudie som forskningsdesign med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Forskningsansatsen var av ett iterativt slag där studien pendlade mellan teori och empiri fram till slutgiltigt resultat. Vidare användes en tematisk analys för bearbetning av data.   Slutsats: I studien framgick det att fallföretaget arbetar med lean utefter den teoretiska framställningen av konceptet. Resultatet visade att medarbetarna upplever meningsfullhet i arbetet men att arbetet upplevdes innebära en låg grad autonomi och feedback. Studien visade därför en tvetydig bild av medarbetarna upplevda inre motivation. Studien kunde fastslå att lean har både en positiv och negativ påverkan på medarbetarnas inre motivation. De positiva effekterna som kunde skönjas var en högre grad av delaktighet och autonomi, bättre sociala relationer, ökad självkänsla och ökad kompetens. De negativa effekterna som kunde urskiljas var högre stress i form av prestationskrav och ökad arbetsintensitet. Studien kunde därmed visa att lean hade en överhängande positiv påverkan på medarbetarnas inre motivation. / Problem: High productivity is crucial for today's organizations in the pursuit of increased competitiveness. At the same time, research on motivation shows that individuals who experience intrinsic motivation are more productive. A work system that claims to increase efficiency and lead to a motivated workforce is lean. An industry where lean has taken hold is warehousing which faces constant demands for increased productivity and optimized production flows. Research on lean and its impact on employees, however, is contradictory. This is because lean is not a unitary concept but one that includes all aspects related to eliminating waste. Because of this, research seems to lack consensus on the effects of lean on employees. Motivation in combination with lean is also a relatively new area of research. Above all, there are few empirical studies on employees' perception of intrinsic motivation in lean based warehouse operations. Purpose:The purpose of the study is to provide knowledge and understanding if warehouse stock pickers in a lean-based warehouse operation experience intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, the study aims to identify how the studied warehouse operation are working with lean to highlight the impact of lean on intrinsic motivation. Method: The study is based on an interpretive social science perspective with a qualitative approach. To obtain knowledge and understanding regarding a specific case, we applied a case study research design using semi-structured interviews. The research approach is iterative where the study has fluctuated between theory and empirics until the final results. Furthermore, a thematic analysis was used for data processing Conclusion: The study revealed that the case company is working with lean according to the theoretical description of the concept. The results showed that employees feel meaningfulness in their work but that the work was perceived to contain a low degree of autonomy and feedback. The study therefore showed an ambiguous picture of the employees perceived intrinsic motivation. We could conclude that lean has both positive and negative effects on employees' intrinsic motivation. The positive effects consisted of a greater degree of participation and autonomy, improved social relationships, self-esteem and skills. The negative effects that could be identified was higher stress due to performance requirements and increased work intensity. We could thus conclude that lean had an immediate positive impact on employees' intrinsic motivation.

Introduction: In order to maintain strong relationships with customers, a lot of firms have invested in improving quality; this has led to an increase of quality programs. One of the most prominent quality standards is the ISO 9000 series, however prior research has different views whether or not the standards are beneficial. Two of the areas where disagreement exists regarding ISO 9000, are its effect on customer satisfaction and furthermore how the different motives behind the implementation can affect the outcome of ISO 9000. Hence this paper aimed to seek an explanation between these two matters and fill the research gap, where it was conducted on companies deployed in Sweden. Purpose: The purpose with this research is to explain how the different motives behind the implementation of ISO 9000 effect customer satisfaction. Methodology: A quantitative study was performed, with a cross-sectional research approach, where a questionnaire was used to collect the data. This resulted in 102 answers, where the questionnaire was sent out by e-mail to one representative for each firm. Conclusion: The study concluded that it was no difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to implement ISO 9000 and its effect on perceived quality, perceived value and customer expectations. It was also discovered that those who had the ISO 9000 series performed well with regards to their customer satisfaction

This essay analyzes Enclave, discusses the different outcomes of using an intrinsic or an extrinsic approach and argues that there is a lack of aesthetic objectives in the English syllabus in Swedish upper secondary school. Initially it introduces the novel Enclave and states what kind of syllabus Sweden utilizes and what the syllabus' goals are for the students. Secondly, it acknowledges the relationship between the two approaches recognizing a debate and the fact that an intrinsic approach has been ignored by schools and scholars in England. In this context it includes the relationship the English subject in Sweden has with literature. Furthermore, the essay provides thorough definitions of the intrinsic and extrinsic approaches which are used to analyze Enclave. Finally, it concludes that it is more difficult to relate the intrinsic approach to the syllabus because of its lack of aesthetic values in the content of communication, reception, production and interaction objectives. The results yielded were similar in that both required intensive reading but an aesthetic experience only occurred with the intrinsic approach done to Enclave.

According to the dual valuing process model (Grouzet, 2013), the social context can either facilitate the natural human tendency to pursue intrinsic goals, or thwart it by promoting extrinsic goals. Congruent with this idea, research in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000) suggests that parental autonomy support (PAS) is associated with the development of intrinsic goals, whereas more controlling parenting styles, such as conditional regard (PCR), are expected to facilitate extrinsic goals. Results from two preliminary studies suggest that mothers tended to use PAS to promote goals that were more intrinsic, as well young adults were more likely to autonomously internalize these goals, whereas PCR was associated with more extrinsic goals. In the current study, we sought to extend these findings by including a general measure of perceived parenting style, as well as asking participants to recall a goal that was promoted during adolescence (i.e., 13-16 years). Results from this study indicate no difference in the type of goal that was promoted or the way in which it was internalized when mothers used either autonomy support or conditional regard, over and above general parenting style. Results will be further discussed in with respect to parenting, self-determination theory, and the dual valuing process model. / Graduate

The purpose of this research project was to give a better understanding of the relationship between sustainable development and employee motivation. More specifically, this study focused on the influence of sustainable development over intrinsic and extrinsic employee motivation, and aimed to identify and explain the different motivators at stake in this connection.   We decided to select sustainable development and motivation as our two main theories, and we carefully developed them in our theoretical framework. Beside that, we chose to follow an interpretivist paradigm and to conduct qualitative interviews with employees.   For this research project, we contacted Brocard, a French wine producer seriously involved in sustainable development for almost 20 years. After having designed an interview guide thanks to our theoretical framework and our own knowledge, we carried out six semi-structured interviews via Skype with the company and collected almost three hours of data.   After the retranscription and the translation of these interviews, we presented the empirical results and analyzed the data by following a thematic analysis. We managed to group a great number of concepts under three themes (satisfaction, working environment, and performance) and discussed them. The results showed several motivators at stake when employees were confronted to sustainable development, either intrinsic and extrinsic.   Several limitations can be underlined in our research project, as the difference of language between the respondents and the final writing thesis, which probably caused the loss of some information, or the fact that this study is partly limited to France, due to the company we contacted. To go beyond those results, we suggested to develop the same type of study in other countries or other areas of the world, and then compare the results.

Students´ achievements in scientific subjects, such as biology, have stringently declined during the past decade. In order to disrupt these declining results in scientific subjects it´s important to identify factors leading to decreased academic achievements within the scientific subjects. This study aims to investigate the association between students´ achievements in biology and self-efficacy beliefs, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation among 120 Swedish students with an age between thirteen and fifteen years s. A self-efficacy sub-scale of the “Motivational for Learning Questionnaire” (MSLQ) was used to evaluate students´ self-efficacy beliefs and an “Academic Motivation Scale for Learning Biology” (AMSLB) was used to determine students´ motivation to learn biology. The results showed a significant positive correlation between students´ biology achievement and self-efficacy beliefs, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Further, a significant negative correlation was found between students´ biology achievement and amotivation. These findings indicates that both self-efficacy beliefs, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation could be important underlying factors that positively impact students´ achievements in biology.

The study examined the effects of positive verbal reinforcement on intrinsic motivation by determining differential effects over four multidimensions of Ryan's Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Subjects (N=60) were 30 male and 30 female college students. The subjects were blocked by gender and randomly assigned to a positive verbal reinforcement group or a control group. The subjects received 10 trials on the stabilometer. The results of the study indicated that there were significant group differences for composite intrinsic motivation and for perceived competence; however, there were no significant gender differences found. Furthermore, no group differences were reported for the underlying factors of interest/enjoyment, effort, or pressure/tension.

I have worked together with three Swedish families with small children, focusing on their intrinsic goals as a way to increase well-being in their everyday life.  I have designed ceremonial objects for the families to use to create their own ceremony, as a way to practice togetherness by being more present in the moment. These objects are made in a do-it-yourself manner so that other people can make their own objects from the instructions.  By practicing togetherness people can have an entry way for focusing more on what they actually want and need, on a personal level, but it could also cause a ripple effect and support a more sustainable society, both socially and environmentally.