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Les aliments font partie intégrante de nos vies, par leur rôle primordial dans notre survie. L’impact de nos choix alimentaires sur la santé a entraîné plusieurs recommandations nutritionnelles. L’alimentation intuitive (AI) est une approche novatrice qui vise à favoriser une relation saine avec l’alimentation. Ses 10 principes considèrent les signaux de faim et satiété, abordent l’impact des émotions et des pensées sur l’alimentation, et explorent le rôle de l’image corporelle et l’activité physique dans la santé. L’étude actuelle, par la méthode Delphi, a fait ressortir les recommandations d’experts lorsqu’une approche d’AI est utilisée auprès d’adolescents, au Québec. Cette méthodologie permet de consulter des experts dans la matière et de les faire réagir aux commentaires des autres experts afin de dégager un consensus sur les questions énoncées. Les résultats ont fait ressortir l’importance de chaque principe et la pertinence d’adapter l’approche pour l’âge. Une durée optimale est constatée entre 45 à 60 minutes, alors que des séances répétées sont essentielles (fréquence hebdomadaire à mensuelle). L’expérimentation des principes par les participants et la formation des intervenants sont particulièrement importantes et une attention particulière est requise au langage utilisé. Les experts ont aussi confirmé la pertinence de plusieurs contextes d’interventions, tant scolaires que cliniques, ainsi que les multiples possibilités d’activités interventions, allant des discussions interactives aux dégustations et ateliers de cuisine. Plusieurs effets sont attendus tels que l’augmentation de la confiance et la reconnaissance de leurs signaux de faim et satiété, une hausse de la permissivité dans leurs choix alimentaires et une évolution vers une alimentation en réponse aux demandes physiologiques plutôt d’émotionnelles. L’ensemble de ces résultats viennent rejoindre les études effectuées sur l’AI chez les adultes, celles faites sur une population avec un trouble du comportement alimentaire, ainsi que les quelques études en milieu scolaire. Cette étude vient ajouter des précisions sur l’utilisation de l’AI, mais pour la clientèle adolescente québécoise. Plusieurs pistes de recherches demeurent à explorer. L’utilisation d’études expérimentales permettrait de valider les recommandations d’experts, alors que des études sur le vocabulaire à privilégier et l’impact sur l’adolescent seraient grandement utiles pour les intervenants. / Food is an integral part of our lives. Humans rely on it to survive. The impact of our food choices on our health has led to many nutritional recommendations. Intuitive eating is a novel approach that strives for a healthy relationship with food. Its 10 principles favor the consideration of hunger and fullness signals, understand the impact of emotions and thoughts on food choice and behavior, and explore the roles of body image and physical activity on overall health. This study aims to obtain experts’ recommendations to facilitate intuitive eating in adolescents in Quebec. Using the Delphi method, expert nutritionists in the topic will be consulted and react to each other’s comments, allowing a consensus to emerge on the questions addressed within the study. The results indicated the importance of each principle and the relevance of adapting the approach according to the participants’ ages. An optimal duration of 45 to 60 minutes was expressed, as was the necessity of having multiple sessions (weekly to monthly frequency). Participants’ experimentation of the principles and training for the instructor were deemed particularly important and special attention must be paid to the language used. The experts also confirmed the many applicable contexts, from the school context to clinical environments, as well as the multiple possibilities for interventions, from interactive discussions to tasting sessions and cooking lessons. The effects that are expected ranged from a heighted recognition and confidence in their hunger and fullness signals, a rise in their permissiveness in their food choices and an evolution towards an eating pattern responding to their physical rather than emotional needs. These results agree with studies done with intuitive eating in the adult population, studies with food disorders as well as with the few studies done in the school setting. However, this study adds information on how to use intuitive eating precisely with Quebec adolescents. Additional research is necessary to validate the experts’ recommendations, such as in an experimental study. Also, research into the type of vocabulary to employ would be of use to the instructors themselves.

Text in English / In order to address the paucity of knowledge in regard to the psychological and physiological processes associated with lifelong weight loss (>20 years), this study adopts a qualitative approach informed by phenomenology to explore the experience of lifelong weight loss and maintenance of women who participated in the ITAND Programme. The research questions guiding the exploration of the current research are: (i) Which strategies from the ITAND Programme do women perceive as assisting with initial weight loss? (ii) What are the processes mediating lifelong weight loss? (iii) What strategies and skills mediate the maintenance of lifelong weight loss? (iv) What feelings or beliefs motivate women to continue attempts to lose weight after experiencing multiple failures on diets? and (v) Which psychological, cognitive and behavioural processes are identified as mediating lifelong weight loss? Eight overweight and obese women were invited to write their narratives and engage in interviews in regard to exploring their relationships with food, their bodies and their weight, after a period of more than 20 years following their participation in an integrative, transactional analysis, anti-diet programme (the ITAND Programme). Narratives were used to explore their beliefs about constructs, processes and strategies mediating long-term weight loss maintenance. The participants’ narratives and interviews were analysed through applying narrative analysis and interpretive phenomenological analysis. In addition to a non-diet paradigm, four processes definingweight loss maintenance were identified, including the adult learning process of transformative learning, the psychological process of transactional analysis, the physiological process of intuitive eating and the cognitive-behavioural processes relating to weight loss maintenance. This study contributes an integrative, transactional analysis, non-diet treatment model (ITAND model) which is enabled by the processes of transformative learning, intuitive eating and cognitive-behaviour modification to the successful long- term treatment of overweight and obesity. This model may be applied in whole or in part in a primary health care or community context. The findings of this study may be used to inform future research into the development and implementation of non-diet weight loss maintenance interventions in the treatment of overweight andobesity. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)