Högskolestudenters upplevda livskvalitet har varit ett eftersatt forskningsområde. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur studenter på grund- respektive forskarutbildningen vid Stockholms universitet upplevde sin livskvalitet och jämföra resultaten med tidigare insamlade data från en normalgrupp. För att mäta den upplevda livskvaliteten användes formuläret Quality of life inventory, QOLI. Totalt inkom 1300 enkäter från studenter på grundutbildningen och 115 enkäter från studenter på forskarutbildningen. Resultaten visar att både studenter på grund- respektive forskarutbildningen skattar sin upplevda livskvalitet som signifikant lägre än normalgruppen. Vidare framkom att kvinnor skattar sin livskvalitet som högre än män och att gifta och samboende skattar sin livskvalitet som högre än ogifta. Resultaten överrensstämmer med den forskning som tidigare genomförts för högskolestudenters subjektivt upplevda livskvalitet.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between household food inventories (HFI) and dietary recalls among Mexican-origin children (ages 6-11 years old) who reside in Texas border region colonias. Household food availability is a known influence upon children's diets; however, this population faces unique influences upon children's dietary intake and household food availability may not exhibit the same influence upon children's dietary intake that it does in other areas of the United States. This study utilized promotoras (community healthcare workers native to the Texas border region) to collect data from participants due to their rapport with residents of the community. These promotoras collected a series of surveys, HFI's and 24-hour dietary recalls with each mother-child dyad participant. Data from the HFI-s and 24-hour recalls were entered into the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R) from the University of Minnesota and the nutrient profiles for each were analyzed. The HFI data was then adjusted for household composition to obtain a more accurate representation of what nutrients are available to each specific member of the household. After analysis, participant children reported living in households with 5.7 adults and children (range 3-10). All children participated in school breakfast and lunch programs. Age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI) percentiles indicated that 42% were considered overweight or obese. Lower food security was associated with greater energy, total sugar, and added sugar intakes. The largest correlations between HFI's and 24-hour intakes were for total protein, total sugar, sodium, and added sugar. Sodium was the only nutrient with a significant correlation between household availability and children's dietary intake. HFI was independently associated with greater intake of sodium and lower intakes of total sugar and added sugar. Results show a relationship between household food availability and children's dietary intake. However, at the nutrient level, this association is only statistically significant for sodium and almost significant for total sugar. Colonia children are likely eating many meals outside of the home; the traditional HFI might not be useful in determining what foods are available for these children to eat.

Supply chain management addresses the management of materials and information across the entire chain from suppliers to producers, distributors, retailers, and customers. In the past few decades, scholars gave ample attention about the impact of inventory on Supply Chain Management (SCM). Roughly speaking, research on supply chain management has been mainly focused on three major issues. One is the behavior of information flow; the second issue deals with inventory management; the third issue is orientated to planning and operations management. In this paper the second issue, namely inventory management will be discussed. The author will follow the phases of classifying inventory; identify cost factors; assess cost components; calculate EOQ; giving suggestion and effect of inventory on supply chain will be discussed. The result is going to become clear under the analysis of two alternatives by using MCDM (Multiple Criteria Decision Making) method. The conclusion is when optimizing the inventory management, both up stream and down stream activities will run effectively.

Risk management is one of the critical issues in supply chain management. Supply chain disruptions negatively impact on the performance and the business continuity of a firm, and the disruptions should be managed proactively if possible. One of the approaches for supply disruption management is to raise the level of inventory: supply disruptions can be reduced by simply increasing the safety stock level. However, inventory costs will be increased at the same time. Therefore it is assumed that having extra safety stock when and where needed is better than keeping a high safety stock all of the time. In this thesis, the concept of dynamic inventory management by supplier behavior monitoring is suggested and explored. Key to the concept is the assumption that out-of-control situations at a supplier can be causal triggers for stockouts, and that these triggers can be potentially predicted by using statistical monitoring tools. In the suggested approach, the statistical process control approach of using run tests is employed to monitor and evaluate the supplier behavior. The supplier’s yield rate is monitored as the performance measure, and the receiver’s safety stock level is increased when the supplier’s performance is detected to be potentially out-of-control (or about to reach an out-of-control situation). The simulation results under different yield rates indicate that stockouts can be reduced by monitoring the supplier behavior and dynamically adjusting inventory policy when production capacity is relatively loose and enough variability can be seen in the performance measure.

Påverkar vår personlighet de utbildningsval vi gör i livet? Denna fråga ligger till grund för studien som gjordes på ekonom- och sjuksköterskestudenter på Uppsala Universitet. I studien deltog 120 personer och undersökningsdeltagarna (Ud) var jämnt fördelademellan ekonomer/sjuksköterskor och kvinnor/män. Studien genomfördes genom att Ud fick svara på 48 stycken påståenden som utgick från Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). Tidigare forskning har påvisat skillnader i personlighet mellan ekonom- och vårdstudenter. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det fanns någon skillnad i personlighet mellan ekonom- och sjuksköterskestudenter. Studien visade inga signifikanta skillnader i personlighet mellan studentgrupperna. Den slutsats som drogs i denna studie, var att vår personlighet inte påverkar utbildningsvalen ekonom- och sjuksköterska.

In order to maintain higer competitive power, perfect quality of products and services are requested by enterprises nowadays.What¡¦s more , employees are the important media to carry out it.The media roles employees play are related to personal characteristics-perfectionism. We know that strive for perfectionism is native and inner need during development of human beings.In addition,the reasons which cause perfectionism are not only from rigorous standard of self but also possibly from others¡¦ stringent request or social expectation by significant others.Proper demand and standard are drives which make employees achieve their goals,however,extreme ones lead to burnout or high turnover intention .It deserved to be paid more attention to because they will diminish performance of organization,group and individuals,even bring about the loss of human capital.In this study,we will have the preliminary exploration of the relationship among perfectionism from different requiring sources,burnout and turnover intention.MBI was used mostly in past studies,nevertheless,it is criticized during these times and is possible not to measure the actural burnout result.To improve the situation,we use CBI instead in this study and look forward to observe the effect of perfectionism on burnout and turnover intention. Objets of this study are the full-time employees of science &technology, financial and service industry.We take the questionnaire survey method with convenient sampling to execute this study. Totally we sent out 334 numbers of paper copies and obtained 256 ones.Besides,we got 131 copies from on-line survey.Finally we have 364 valid samples out of the 387 combined sources.We adopted the hierarchical regression modeling to test the hypothesis. The findings are as the following¡GSelf-oriented perfectionism (SOP) is positively associated with personal burnout and personal burnout is also positively associated with turnover intention.However,SOP is negatively associated with turnover intention.This reveals that employees of SOP still have the possibility to increase their turnover intention owing to increasing personal burnout.Other-oriented perfectionism(OOP) shows no significant influence on burnout and is negatively associated with turnover intention.Social- prescribed perfectionism(SPP) is positively associated with both personal & job-related burnout and these two kinds of burnout are also positively related to turnover intention.Nevertheness,SPP can¡¦t predict the relationship with turnover intention directly.Further,burnout is not the mediator variable between perfectionism and turnover intention.Finally,we will offer concrete suggestions for following studies and practical implement .Research limitation is also included .

This dissertation is focused on investigating the integration of inventory and facility location decisions in different supply chain settings. Facility location and inventory decisions are interdependent due to the economies of scale that are inherent in transportation and replenishment costs. The facility location decisions have an impact on the transportation and replenishment costs which, in turn, affect the optimal inventory policy. On the other hand, the inventory policy dictates the frequency of shipments to replenish inventory which, in turn, affects the number of deliveries, and, hence, the transportation costs, between the facilities. Therefore, our main research objectives are to: • compare the optimal facility location, determined by minimizing total transportation costs, to the one determined by the models that also consider the timing and quantity of inventory replenishments and corresponding costs, • investigate the effect of facility location decisions on optimal inventory decisions, and • measure the impact of integrated decision-making on overall supply chain cost performance. Placing a special emphasis on the explicit modeling of transportation costs, we develop several novel models in mixed integer linear and nonlinear optimization programming. Based on how the underlying facility location problem is modeled, these models fall into two main groups: 1) continuous facility location problems, and 2) discrete facility location problems. For the stylistic models, the focus is on the development of analytical solutions. For the more general models, the focus is on the development of efficient algorithms. Our results demonstrate • the impact of explicit transportation costs on integrated decisions, • the impact of different transportation cost functions on integrated decisions in the context of continuous facility location problems of interest, • the value of integrated decision-making in different supply chain settings, and • the performance of solution methods that jointly optimize facility location and inventory decisions.

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of conducting multiple household food inventories over the course of 30 days to examine weekly food variability. Household food availability influences the foods individuals choose to consume; therefore, by assessing the home food environment a better understanding of what people are eating can be obtained. Methods of measuring home food availability have been developed and tested in recent years; however most of these methods assess food availability on one occasion only. This study aimed to capture "usual" availability by using multiple assessments. After the development and pre-testing of the 171-item home observation guide to determine the presence and amount of food items in the home (refrigerator, freezer, pantry, elsewhere), two trained researchers recruited a convenience sample of 9 households (44.4% minority), administered a baseline questionnaire (personal info, shopping habits, food resources, and food security), and conducted 5 in-home assessments (5-7 day interval) over a 30-day period. Each in-home assessment included shopping and fast food activities since the last assessment and an observational survey of types and amounts of foods present. The final in-home assessment included an audio recorded interview on food habits and beliefs. Complete data were collected from all 9 women (32.8 y +/- 6.0; 3 married; 4 +/- 1.6 adults/children in household; 4 SNAP; 6 food insecure) and their households. Weekly grocery purchases (place, amount, and purpose) use (frequency) varied from once (n=1) to every week (n=5); 4 used fast food 2-3 times/wk for 4 weeks. Quantity and types of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables varied by week and by family. The feasibility of conducting multiple in-home assessments was confirmed with 100% retention from all participants. This methodology is important in that it provided detailed information on intra-monthly variation in food availability. The findings suggest the inadequacy of a single measure to assess food availability in the home.

This dissertation focuses on the recent supply chain initiatives, such as Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) and Third-Party Logistics (3PL), enabling the coordination of supply chain entities; e.g., suppliers, buyers, and transporters. With these initiatives, substantial savings are realizable by carefully coordinating inventory, transportation, and pricing decisions. The impact is particularly tangible when the transporter's role and the transportation costs are explicitly incorporated into decision mechanisms that aim to coordinate the supply channel. Furthermore, expanding the perspective of channel coordination by introducing the transporter as an individual party in the channel provides tangible benefits for each member of the channel. Recognizing the need for further analytical research in the field of multi-echelon inventory and channel coordination, we developed and solved a class of integrated inventory and transportation models with explicit shipment consolidation considerations. Moreover, we examined transporter-buyer and supplier-transporter-buyer channels and solved centralized and decentralized models for these channels with the aim of investigating the impact of transporters on channel performance. In this dissertation, we also developed efficient coordination mechanisms between the transporter and the other parties in the channel.

This dissertation considers the problems of coordinating different supply chain inventory systems with private information under deterministic settings. These systems studied are characterized by the following properties: (a) each facility in the system has self decision-making authority, (b) cost parameters of each facility are regarded as private information that no other facilities in the system have access to, and (c) partial information is shared among the facilities. Because of the above properties, the existing approaches for systems with global information may not be applicable. Thus, new approaches for coordinating supply chain inventory systems with private information are needed. This dissertation first studies two two-echelon distribution inventory systems. Heuristics for finding the replenishment policy of each facility are developed under global information environment. In turn, the heuristics are modified to solve the problems with private information. An important characteristic of the heuristics developed for the private information environment is that they provide the same solutions as their global information counterpart. Then, more complex multi-echelon serial and assembly supply chain inventory systems with private information are studied. The solution approach decomposes the problem into separate subproblems such that the private information is divided as required. Global optimality is sought with an iterative procedure in which the subproblems negotiate the material flows between facilities. At the core of the solution procedure is a node-model that represents a facility and its corresponding private information. Using the node-model as a building block, other supply chains can be formed by linking the node-models according to the product and information flows. By computational experiments, the effect of the private information on the performance of the supply chain is tested by comparing the proposed approach against existing heuristics that utilize global information. Experimental results show that the proposed approach provides comparable results as those of the existing heuristics with global information.