Abstract The goal with this study was to investigate the possibility for bird watching tourism in the northernmost national park in Sweden, Vadvetjåkka and to enhance the knowledge of bird species that occur in the area.  To find out which and how many species of birds that nest in Vadvetjåkka a field study in form of bird inventories and spontaneous bird watching was done in the period 1-12 / 7 2014. Line tax was chosen as a method of bird inventory. Together 43 species of birds and 248 individuals of birds were observed. The three most common bird species along the line transects were: brambling (Fringilla montifringilla), willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) and meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis). During the spontaneous bird observations 20 bird species and 65 individuals were found and the three most common species there was: redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus), chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) and hawk owl (Surnia ulula). International studies on bird tourism indicate that bird watching is a very popular nature activity. In Sweden there is no research on bird tourism, but there is a variety of nature companies that engaged in birdwatching tourism in combination with other nature activities. There are attractive and rare species found in Vadvetjåkka national park, so the potential is there to attract birdwatchers. To promote nature tourism in Vadvetjåkka national park the Swedish government has decided to make it easier for nature companies to engage in commercial activities in Vadvetjåkka. If eco-tourism companies and nature conservation authorities work together to minimize the potential negative influence of tourism on birds and nature bird tourism can contribute to a positive development in the area.

Syftet med detta arbete är att öka förståelsen för hur kärnprocesser kan förbättra lagerhållningen i ett företag. Genom att först kartlägga vilka företagets kärn- och stödprocesser är och sedan undersöka hur kärnprocesserna påverkar lagerhållningen kan syftet uppnås. Därmed besvaras problematiseringsfrågan som är följande; På vilka sätt kan lagerhållningen, genom identifiering av kärnprocesserna förbättras på ett företag med E-handel? Arbetet har genomförts på ett av koncernen Nordic E-Commerce Groups dotterbolag, Nordic Inc som är ett E-handelsföretag som säljer bläckpatroner och kontorsmaterial till både företag och privatpersoner. Inledningsvis genomfördes en kartläggning av Nordic Incs processer genom observationer och intervjuer med koncernens VD. När kartläggningen var sammanställd visade det sig att de kärnprocesser som fanns på Nordic Inc var Lager, Inköp och Kundservice. Dessa behandlades sedan mer ingående genom intervjuer med cheferna för varje kärnprocess för att se hur kärnprocesserna påverkar lagerhållningen. Det visade sig vara på sådant sätt att kundservice inte påverkar lagerhållningen på något sätt. Snarare tvärt om då kundservice blir lidande på grund utav den bristande lagerhållningen. Tillvägagångssätten på lagret påverkar lagerhållningen genom bristande artikelplacering, svårtillgänglighet, bristande kontroll över lagersaldo och artiklarnas skick. Vilket i sin tur påverkar kostnader för inventarier och personal. Inköp är den kärnprocess som påverkar lagerhållningen mest då beslut som tas i inköpsprocessen återspeglas i den bristande lagerhållningen. / The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of how primary activities can improve the inventory management in an E-commerce company. By first identifying the company's primary and support activities, and then exam how the primary activities affect the inventory management, the purpose is achieved and the thesis question can be answered which is; By identifying the primary activities, in what ways could the inventory management be improved in an E-commerce company? The study has been carried out at Nordic E-commerce Group’s affiliate Nordic Inc. The affiliate is an E-commerce company that sells ink cartridges and office supplies to both businesses and individuals. Initially, the different processes of Nordic Inc.’s were found through observations and interviews with the CEO. When the analyze of the processes was completed, the primary activities found at Nordic Inc were inventory in the warehouse, purchasing and customer service. These were then processed thoroughly, by interviews with the managers of each activity to discover how each one effect the inventory management. The results showed that customer service does not affect inventory in any way. Instead the opposite could be found as customer service is suffering because of inventory. The approaches when working with inventory affect the inventory management through a lacking article placement, inaccessibility, lack of control over stock levels and the condition of articles. This in turn affects the cost of products and personnel. Purchase is the primary activity that affects inventory the most, as the decisions taken in the purchasing process are reflected in inventory.

The purposes of this study were to analyze and synthesize the research findings on the MMPI performance of blacks and to determine the relationship between demographic variables and the MMPI performance of black college students. A comprehensive review of the literature revealed that blacks and whites differ in MMPI performance, with blacks generally scoring higher than whites, especially on scales F, 8 and 9. Hypotheses about the reasons for these differences included greater psychopathology among blacks and racial differences in socioeconomic factors.The research findings did not support the first hypothesis. No association was found between black-white MMPI differences and greater psychopathology among black subjects. Factor studies of the items to which blacks and whites respond differently indicated that black-white NMPI differences reflect racial differences in values, perceptions and expectations, rather than racial differences in psychological adjustment. It was found that some MMPI scales do and others do not discriminate among levels and types of abnormality among blacks. However, it was found that the white-based MMPI norms are invalid for the assessment of blacks and black-based MMPI norms have not been developed. These findings suggest that the MMPI scales do not contain the most effective item combinations for efficient discrimination among blacks. The use of white MNPI norms to interpret the MMPI profiles of blacks was shown to have negative consequences for black individuals, the psychological professions, the scientific community, and the American society. Of several proposed solutions to this problem, the most effective seemed to be the use of the present MMPI item pool to construct and validate MMPI scales for the black population.The findings of some studies of deviant groups suggested that black-white MMPI differences and the MMPI scores of blacks may be associated with education and other socioeconomic factors. To test this hypothesis in a group of normal subjects, the MMPI and a demographic questionnaire were administered to 205 black females (n=126) and males (n=79) attending two predominantly black southern colleges. Canonical correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to determine the relationships between 25 NMPI scale scores and 15 demographic variables. The highest levels of significance obtained were reported, and probabilities greater than .05 were considered nonsignificant. The following results were obtained: (a) The variance in MMPI scale scores was due primarily to sex and secondarily to geographic region of the students' present residence. (b) Sex accounted for 55 percent of the variance of scale 5 scores; and also influenced scores on scales 3, Es, 1 and Dy, accounting for 2 to 5 percent of the variance. (c) Females scored higher on scales 5, 3, 1 and Dy, and lower on Es than did males. (d) Geographic region accounted for 12 percent of the variance of scores on Es; and also influenced scores on scales 7, Dy, A, Pr, Ca, K, 2, 8, Re, 1 and 0, accounting for 3 to 6 percent of the variance. (e) Southern residents ncorol lower on scales K, Es and Re, and higher on scales 7, Dy, A, Pr, Ca, 2, 8, 1 and 0 than did nonsouthern residents. (f) Family size accounted for 4 to 5 percent of the variance of scores on scales 8, 7, A and St; education accountedfor 6 percent of the variance of scores on scale 3; and childhood residence accounted for 6 percent of the variance of scores on scale Ca. (g) Relationships between MMPI scores and age, income, urban-rural present residence, marital status, church membership, and church attendance accounted for less than 3 percent of scale score variance. (h) No relationship was found between MMPI scores and number of children, number of siblings, and preference for the dominant black religious denomination (Baptist).

Coynes interpersonal model of depression has attracted considerable empirical attention, although many of the studies are based on experimentally contrived relationships, and fail to control for the presence of psychopathology other than depression. The present study used the MMPI to select and classify 80 college students who were depressed, non-depressed but disturbed, or normal. All students selected reported that they had been living on campus with a randomly assigned roommate for at least 10 weeks. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, perceptions, and rejection responses in these roommates was assessed shortly after the initial screening. A barely significant elevation in depressive symptomatology in roommates of depressed students was subsequently shown to be attributable to a subgroup of students displaying depression in conjunction with other pathology. Rejection was suggested by a disproportionately high incidence of roommate breakups involving students with this profile. Roommates who remained with these students also differed from roommates in other conditions in their inability to accurately simulate students' earlier responses to the MMPI depression scale. The nature and/or severity of overall psychopathology, rather than depression per se, appears to be central to the interpersonal responses made by significant others.

This thesis explored the ability of the Minnesota Multi-phasic Personality Inventory to predict the during-treatment behavior of drug addicts. The MMPI's of eighty-five male patients of the Indianapolis Veterans Administration Drug Treatment Unit were compared to counselorr ratings of each addict's behavior while on inpatient status. It was found that the MMPI was significantly related (p <.01) to the counselor ratings. The strongest predictor was the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale which had a mean raw score of 28.55. The utility of the resulting regression formula for giving information about future behavior of the individual drug abuser was also discussed.

The purpose of this study was to develop and conduct initial validation of a special MMPI scale for the detection of bulimia. Existing measures all contain content-obvious items that require the individual to self-disclose regarding their bulimia symptomatology. Such measures are not effective in identifying those reluctant or unwilling to self-disclose. A measure which utilizes nonobvious items would be useful in identifying those undetected by other measures. The MMPI item pool was utilized to develop such a nonobvious measure. A number of treatment centers were contacted to solicit MMPI response sheets and diagnostic and demographic information from existing client files. A random 80% subsample was drawn from the total sample with the remaining 20% reserved for cross-validation analyses.Item analysis and discriminant analysis were conducted to identify items which differentiated between criterion and comparison groups. The 31 items chosen by these analyses became the B-scale. The bulimic individuals were found to be differentiated from those in the comparison groups by significantly higher scores on the new B-scale Two-way cross-classification frequency analysis established a cutoff score of 21. Through evaluation of K-scale corrections it was determined that such correction did not add to the accuracy of the B-scale and is, therefore, unnecessary.The discriminant validity of the B-scale was then examined. Discriminant function analysis established the B-scale as a better predictor of group membership than the existing clinical scales. In addition, the existing clinical scales were not found to add significantly to prediction when compared with the B-scale alone. Cross-validation analyses were conducted on the independent 20% random sample, demonstrating that the B-scale effectively identifies bulimics when applied to a new sample. Implications of this scale construction and suggestions for future research are presented. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

The purpose of this research was to examine relationships between Scale 5 scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and adjectives endorsed on the Adjective Check List (ACL) for University Women. The groups being studied were undergraduate and graduate women, psychology and science women; and, women under 28 years old and women over 28 years old.The participants in the research were 93 women enrolled in courses at Ball State University during Spring Quarter, 1986. The sample consisted of 31 undergraduate women (15 psychology women and 16 science women), 32 graduate women (17 psychology women and 15 science women), and 30 women who were matched for area of study and level of education and then divided into two groups (Under 28 and Over 28) of 15 each.The participants were administered the MMPI, the ACL, a Demographic Data Sheet and a Closeness Rating Scale. They were asked to have a significant person in their life endorse the ACL as it applied to the participant and to complete a Closeness Rating Scale.A 2X2 ANOVA was utilized to analyze the impact of level of education and area of study on Scale 5 scores on the MMPI. A One Way Analysis of Variance was used to analyze the relationship of age and Scale 5 scores on the MMPI. Each of the 300 adjectives on the ACL's were compared using Chi Square or Fisher's Exact Test to derive lists of adjectives descriptive of the subgroups.The results of the research indicated that science women had a significantly higher 5 scale score than psychology women (49.52 vs. 44.22; probability less than .05). Lists of adjectives for each group were derived. However, the number of adjectives descriptive of each group was so small that the descriptors may be by chance.

The study examined the theoretical and statistical factor structure of the Dean-Woodcock Structured Emotional-Status Exam (D-WESE) and evaluated the prediction of representations of clinical two-point scores representing MMPI codetypes. Analyses provided greater insight into the structure of the measure and its effectiveness in classifying psychopathology. The data of 200 patients referred for a neuropsychological evaluation at a large Midwestern neurology practice was used in this study. Age of patients ranged between 13 and 96 years. An 11-factor exploratory analysis with an oblique rotation and principle axis factoring was compared to the original theoretical model of DSM diagnoses used to develop the 50-items of the measure in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the measure. Regression analyses was incorporated to assess the ability of the relatively brief, 50-item D-WESE to predict representations of 12 codetypes from the 566-item MMPI. / Department of Educational Psychology

Research that has examined the comorbid psychiatric symptoms present in neurological disorders and psychiatric symptoms has grown exponentially over the past decade. A number of authors have argued in favor of the biological basis of psychiatric symptoms and the interaction with neurological dysfunction (Noggle & Dean, 2012). These data indicate the importance of considering individuals’ emotional and medical functioning which offer psychiatric signs of neurological impairment. The use of measures of symptoms found in structured and unstructured interviews has been found to overlap significantly with measures of disorders thought to be solely neurological. This study examined the degree to which factor score of a relatively newly developed structured interview could account for the variability of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) clinical scales. All patients were administered the Dean-Woodcock Emotional Status Examination (D-WESE) and the MMPI. The purpose of the study was (1) to quantify the amount of shared variance between clinical scales of the MMPI and individual items of the D-WESE and (2) to determine the amount unique clinical information provided by each measure. As hypothesized, canonical analysis indicated that the MMPI clinical scales and the D-WESE factors significantly overlapped across six significant canonical functions. A redundancy analysis suggested both the MMPI and the D-WESE provide a relatively large amount of unique clinical information. Whether one of these measures has more relevance in current neuropsychological practice remains a question for future research. / Department of Educational Psychology

A predominance of symptomology related to neurological dysfunction has been reported for at least some learning disabled (LD) students. This investigation examined the self-reported neuropsychological symptoms of LD and normal students in grades 3 through 12. Determination of group membership based on the childrens' responses to items on the Neuropsychological Symptom Inventory (NSI) was made for all subjects in the study.A discriminant analysis was conducted in order to determine the degree of group separation based on the item responses and which reported symptoms add significantly to that separation. Out of 40 possible items, 19 added to the discriminant function. Prediction of group membership was accomplished with a high degree of accuracy. Nearly 80% of the total population examined were correctly classified according to actual group membership. Of the LD population, 32% were identified as normal but only 16% of the normal population were misdiagnosed as LD. Additionally, nine individual symptoms were identified as reported by a greater percentage of LD students than normals.The results of this investigation suggest that the NSI as a screening instrument may be valuable for some populations. The 80% accuracy rate with the low number of false-positives (16%) is extremely encouraging. Additional research with the NSI to validate the presence of the symptomology reported would add to the already existing data related to the neuropsychological implications related to learning disabilities. / Department of Educational Psychology