19 Dec 2004. / Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "IS-T 1944" Lisa M. Ponton. 12/19/2004. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung funktionalisierter Cellulose-Tiefenfilterschichten. Dazu werden kommerzielle Kationenaustauscher in einer Kugelmühle nass zerkleinert und bei der Herstellung in die Tiefenfilterschichten eingebettet. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften und das Filtrationsverhalten dieser Schichten sind vergleichbar mit kommerziellen Produkten. Der maximale, technisch einsetzbare Masseanteil an Ionenaustauscher beträgt dabei ca. 40 %. In Durchströmungsversuchen wird die Funktion der eigesetzten Partikel innerhalb der Cellulose-Matrix untersucht. Die Adsorptionskinetik kann mit Hilfe eines in der Arbeit weiterentwickelten Modells nach Langmuir beschrieben werden. Für die Austauschkinetik wird auf der Basis dieses Modells eine abweichende Gesetzmäßigkeit ermittelt. Zudem wird eine Anlagen-Auslegung zur maximalen Kapazitätsausnutzung für einen Adsorptionsprozess vorgestellt.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-03-23T20:01:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JULYANNA DAMASCENO PESSOA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2015..pdf: 3056060 bytes, checksum: f1c90789fd3af9574cb10fbc1d69a075 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-23T20:01:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULYANNA DAMASCENO PESSOA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2015..pdf: 3056060 bytes, checksum: f1c90789fd3af9574cb10fbc1d69a075 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-15 / Em decorrência da degradação dos recursos hídricos e da crescente preocupação com microrganismos específicos na água, a utilização de membranas cerâmicas para separação de materiais contaminantes, passa a ser uma opção de tratamento para a produção de água potável, devido a motivos como, por exemplo, sua resistência ao ataque de produtos químicos, requerer uma menor área de construção do equipamento, maior economia de energia, dentre outros. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar o desempenho de um sistema híbrido, composto por membrana cerâmica tubular de microfiltração, recheadas por resinas trocadoras iônicas, para tratamento de água de qualidade inferior. As membranas utilizadas nesse trabalho são do tipo α-alumina (α-Al2O3), tamanho nominal de poro de aproximadamente 0,8 µm, produzidas pelo Laboratório de Membranas Cerâmicas (LABCEM) do Laboratório de Referência em Dessalinização (LABDES) na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG). O sistema foi avaliado em função do fluxo e vazão do permeado, nas pressões de operação 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 3,0 bar; teste de presença / ausência e contagem bacteriológicas na água da alimentação e permeado para o sistema: membrana cerâmica; análises físicoquímicas realizadas para o sistema: membrana cerâmica/ RTI; e tempo de residência hidráulica ( ), nas pressões de operação 1,0; 2,0 e 3,0 bar. A membrana cerâmica removeu completamente os Coliformes totais e fecais (Escherichia coli) da água. O comportamento do fluxo do permeado variou com a pressão de operação. No sistema híbrido: membrana cerâmica/ RTI, o tempo de residência foi de 15,55 segundos na pressão de operação 1,0 bar, removendo 71,9% dos íons da água de alimentação, para 66% na pressão 2,0 bar ( =11,73 segundos) e 61% na de 3,0 bar ( = 10,11 segundos). O sistema híbrido mostrou-se eficiente na remoção dos parâmetros físico-químicos e produziu água tratada de boa qualidade quanto aos parâmetros bacteriológicos nas águas de qualidade inferior, com baixo consumo energético. / Due to the degradation of water resources and the increasing concern about specific microorganisms in water, the use of ceramic membranes for separation of contaminating materials, becomes a treatment option for the production of drinking water, due to reasons such as its resistance to chemicals, requires a smaller area of equipment construction, greater energy savings, among others. This study investigated the performance of a hybrid system consisting of a tubular microfiltration ceramic membrane, filled with ion exchange resins for substandard water treatment. The membranes used in this work are the α-alumina type (α-Al2O3), with pores which have a nominal diameter of about 0.8 microns produced by Laboratório de Membranas Cerâmicas (LABCEM), at Desalination in Reference Laboratory (LABDES) at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG). The system was evaluated by the flow and permeate flow, the operating pressure 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 bar; presence / absence and bacteriological count tests in the feed and permeate water for the system: ceramic membrane; Physical and chemical analysis for the system: ceramic membrane / RTI; and hydraulic residence time (τ), at the operating pressures of 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 bar. The ceramic membrane completely removed the Total and fecal (Escherichia coli) Coliform of the water. The permeate flux behavior varied with the operating pressure. In the hybrid system: ceramic membrane / RTI residence time was 15.55 seconds at the operating pressure of 1.0 bar by removing 71.9% of the feed water ions, to 66% at 2.0 bar pressure ( = 11.73 seconds), and 61% for the 3.0 bar ( = 10.11 seconds). The hybrid system was efficient in the removal of physical and chemical parameters and produced good quality treated water as for the bacteriological parameters in lower quality water with low power consumption.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:41:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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La demande sans cesse croissante des besoins des télécommunications a mis en relief les limites intrinsèques de l’électronique. La photonique s’est révélée comme une solution appropriée à ses limitations. STMicroelectronics a développé une plateforme photonique sur silicium dénommée PIC25G permettant une transmission monocanale à 25 Gb/s. Cependant, l’augmentation du débit avec du multiplexage en longueur d’onde (WDM) se heurte à certaines contraintes. La solution suggérée repose sur une approche hybride intégrant la photonique sur silicium et sur verre par échange d’ions développée au laboratoire IMEP LaHC. La solution consiste en un interposeur verre sur lequel est assemblée une puce photonique sur silicium. Les études ont d’abord porté sur les composants de la puce silicium en particulier sur l’optimisation des coupleurs à réseau et les multiplexeurs à base d’interféromètres de Mach Zehnder cascadés. Ensuite, les composants passifs optiques et électriques de l’interposeur verre ont aussi été étudiés et réalisés. La faisabilité d’un couplage optique entre la puce silicium et l’interposeur a été démontrée. Enfin, les structures de tests nécessaires à la validation de la solution proposée ont été étudiées. Ces structures de tests ont permis de transmettre des signaux radiofréquences jusqu’à 40 GHz entre la puce silicium et l’interposeur verre. Une nouvelle approche de fabrication des guides d’onde optiques de l’interposeur a été suggérée et réalisée afin de répondre aux problèmes du procédé de fabrication. A terme, elle permettra d’avoir un module électro-optique pour des applications haut-débit. / The ever-increasing demand for telecommunications needs has highlighted the intrinsic limitations of electronics. Photonics has proven to be a suitable solution to its limitations. STMicroelectronics has developed a silicon photonic platform called PIC25G that allows single-channel transmission at 25 Gb/s. The data rate increase with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) encounter some constraints. The proposed solution is based on a hybrid approach integrating silicon photonics and glass ions exchanged photonics developed at the IMEP-LaHC laboratory. The solution consists of a glass interposer on which a silicon photonics chip is assembled. First, the studies focused on the components of the silicon chip especially on the optimization of grating couplers and (de)-multiplexers based on cascaded Mach Zehnder interferometers. Then, the optical and electrical passive components of the glass interposer were studied and realized. The feasibility of an optical coupling between the silicon chip and the glass interposer has been demonstrated. Finally, the test structures needed to validate the proposed solution were studied. These test structures allowed to transmit radiofrequency signals up to 40 GHz between the silicon chip and the glass interposer. A new approach to realize the optical waveguides of the interposer has been suggested and carried out in order to address the fabrication issues. Ultimately, this approach will provide an electro-optical module for high-speed applications.

No description available.

Literature search was processed , which were generally described concepts relating to soil complex, but also various soil types, with a focus on cambisol South Bohemia. Additionally the general explained concepts regarding acidification and ion-exchange complex soils. In the practical part of the work was determined by measurement of exchangeable soil acidity. Based on this measurement Soils were evaluated as slightly acidic. It was also calculated the need for healing liming locations. It was also determined the maximum sorption capacity. Soil collected on site has been categorized soils with moderate capacity ion-exchange sorption complex.

Uncaria tomentosa (Willd) DC. é uma liana tropical nativa da Amazônia brasileira e peruana. A espécie é reconhecida pelas suas propriedades antiinflamatória imunoestimulante, antiviral e antitumoral, geralmente atribuídas aos polifenóis e, principalmente, à fração de alcaloides oxindólicos pentacíclicos. No âmbito tecnológico, visando o desenvolvimento de produtos derivados com maior valor agregado, são poucos os subsídios encontrados na literatura científica, afora alguns relatos atrelados a patentes e registros de produtos. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou a obtenção e caracterização de frações enriquecidas de alcaloides, saponinas e polifenóis a partir das cascas de U. tomentosa, mediante o emprego de técnicas de separação em fase sólida e de métodos analíticos validados. A matéria prima foi extraída por maceração em EtOH a 40%, por quatro dias. Depois de filtrado e concentrado, o extrato bruto foi liofilizado (EBL). Para fins analíticos, o EBL foi reconstituído em EtOH a 40% e caracterizado quanto a presença de alcaloides oxindólicos, saponinas triterpênicas e polifenóis. Os quatro principais picos relativos aos alcaloides oxindólicos presentes no EBL foram quantificados por CLAE-UV e o teor total, expresso em mitrafilina, foi de 1,48 g%. Os principais picos atribuídos às saponinas foram analisados por CLAE-DAD e o teor total, expresso em α-hederina, foi de 18,37 g%. O teor de polifenóis totais, determinado pelo método colorimétrico de Folin-Ciocalteu, foi estimado em 31,93 g%. Para a separação da fração polifenólica, o emprego de PVPP mostrou ser mais eficiente do que bentonita, carvão ativado ou caseína. A fração enriquecida de alcaloides oxindólicos foi obtida por separação em resina fortemente aniônica. O teor de alcaloides totais corresponde por cerca de 90% (m/m) desta fração. A fração de saponinas triterpênicas foi obtida mediante separação em resina fortemente catiônica, com teor aproximado de 78% (m/m), considerando o somatório das áreas dos picos de interesse. A proposta de uma técnica comparativa, fazendo uso de resina hidrofóbica, resultou em uma fração saponosídica enriquecida com um rendimento superior, porém com um menor teor de saponinas totais, em torno de 75% (m/m). / Uncaria tomentosa is a tropical liana native form Brazilian and Peruvian rain forests. The specie is recognized by its immune stimulant, anti-viral, anti- inflammatory and anti-cancer properties often attributed to the polyphenolic fraction and manly to the peculiar pentaciclic oxindole alkaloidal fraction. On the technological field, aiming the transformation of the raw material into standardized and high aggregate value products a few efforts can be encountered in the literature, excepting a couple of patents and product registration related information. In this context the present work aimed to the obtainment and characterization of enriched fractions of alkaloids, saponins and polyphenols from the stem barks of U. tomentosa, through solid phase separations techniques and validated analytical methods. The raw material extraction was extracted by a four days maceration in a 40% hydroethanolic solution. After the filtration and concentration, the crude extract was lyophilized (EBL). For analytical purposes the EBL was resuspended in a 40% hydroethanolic solution and characterized for the presence of oxindole alkaloids, triterpenic saponins and polyphenols. The four main peaks attributed to the oxindole alkaloids in EBL were quantified by UV-HPLC and the total content, expressed as mitraphiline, was about 1.48 g%. The main peaks attributed to the saponins were analysed by DAD-HPLC and the total content, expressed as α-hederin, was about 18.37 g%. The total polyphenolic content, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay, was estimated at 31.93 g%. For the polyphenols separation the use of PVPP showed to be more efficient than bentonite, active carbon or casein treatment. The enriched fractions of the oxindole alkaloids was obtained through a strongly anionic resin separation. The total alkaloid content of this fraction was about 90% (w/w). The saponin enriched fraction was obtained through a strongly cationic resin separation and the total saponin content was about 78% (w/w). The suggestion of a comparative technique employing a hydrophobic resin resulted on a saponosidic enriched fraction with higher yield but a lower saponin content of about 75% (w/w).