This study is an attempt to understand the politics of international film festivals and how it translates into local forms of colonialism. Theroretical review of this study focuses around the politics of festivals particularly through Iranian Cinema in the international frame. Inclusionary/exclusionary mechanisms of film festivals, the notion of national geographic effect and how they formed the canonization of Iranian cinema will be discussed. The thesis has also analyzed an Iranian film Kandahar as a case study with the notion of Orientalism to demonstrate how colonizing gaze organized in festival circuit has been internalized by a national filmmaker.

Iranian film has in recent decades comprised an increasingly important and influential cinema. The Iranian Islamic Revolution of 1979 paved the way for freedom of artistic and literary expression, communicating a new generation of unheard voices in Iranian society. More specifically Iranian cinema has progressed in maintaining an identity that reflects both a contemporary nation and auteuristic cinematics. Abbas Kiarostami is one of the more recent and leading film directors rewarded with critical and filmmaking acclaim out of Iran, producing contemporary snapshots of society and culture. His filmmaking methods and ideals are very much reflective of the style of post Second World War Italian Neorealism. In context and filmmaking principles Kiarostami adapts the conventions of Neorealism in exploring contemporary Iranian socio-cultural problems in a similar manner. This project aims to explore the relationship between the style and context of his filmmaking in terms of mise-en-scène, themes and socio-cultural concerns. It shows how Kiarostami creates a distinctive form of Neorealist filmmaking to get at the ‘truths’ of contemporary Iranian life in a particular way. In doing so an emergent strand of a modern-Neorealism becomes apparent.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:12:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Monastirscy Gauche.pdf: 23473490 bytes, checksum: c1f9e73248eac659e6b17abfba3e8f5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research aims to understand how the production of knowledge occurs through a communication by images, where the object of exemplifying the film "The Wind Will Carry Us" by Abbas Kiarostami. The question that motivates the research is that the film productions that explore a mass communication technique used to request less the imagination of the subject. Abbas Kiarostami, in "The Wind Will Carry Us", proposes a new cinematic language that encourages the "see no show", which comes against the current molds imposed by classical Hollywood film, a film exploring "stretch the neck." In the search for an understanding of how this film as a film set, through a new cinematic language that breaks with the narrative structure, we try to understand the production of knowledge through images made critical, always about to be born. Having as a research methodology to analyze the semiotics of film setting, linked to the theoretical basis required by the object of study, the research is based on the following assumptions: 1) by means of a new language Kiarostami seeks other ways to involve the viewer and view / Read the territory, the culture of your country, 2) Kiarostami does not propose a narrative, in which images have a story to tell, but it occupies an opening narrative forms in training, in other words, there is no narrative in the film, and therefore there is entertainment, 3) communication through images, through dialectical images, boosts the functioning of the imagination and knowledge production. The theoretical basis of this study is the concept that man thinks and communicates through images, through studies of Belting, Flusser, Bachelard and Calvin. To understand the language of Kiarostami and how it deconstructs the film, will support research on concepts developed by Kiarostami, Bernardet, beyond the concepts of visuality, visibility and dialectics, developed by Benjamin, Didi-Huberman, Sodré, Ferrara and Flusser, requested to understand the communication flow as it expands and contracts in a process of endless change / A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de compreender como ocorre a produção de conhecimento por meio de uma comunicação por imagens, tendo como objeto de exemplificação o filme O Vento nos Levará , de Abbas Kiarostami. A questão que motiva a pesquisa é que as produções cinematográficas que exploram uma comunicação de massa, utilizada como técnica, solicitam cada vez menos a imaginação do sujeito. Abbas Kiarostami, em O Vento nos Levará , propõe uma nova linguagem cinematográfica que estimula o ver sem mostrar , que vem contra a corrente clássica cinematográfica imposta pelos moldes hollywoodianos, explorando um cinema de esticar o pescoço . Na procura de um entendimento de como este filme se configura como filme, por meio de uma nova linguagem cinematográfica que rompe com a estrutura narrativa, tentamos compreender a produção de conhecimento feita através das imagens críticas, sempre em vias de nascer. Tendo como metodologia de pesquisa a análise da configuração semiótica do filme, atrelada às bases teóricas solicitadas pelo objeto de estudo, a pesquisa se apoia nas seguintes hipóteses: 1) por meio de uma nova linguagem, Kiarostami procura outras formas de envolver o espectador e ver/ler o território, a cultura de seu país; 2) Kiarostami não propõe uma narrativa, em que as imagens possuem uma história a contar, mas se ocupa de uma abertura narrativa de formas em formação, ou seja, no filme não há narrativa e, portanto, não há entretenimento; 3) a comunicação por imagens, através de imagens dialéticas, potencializa o funcionamento da imaginação e a produção de conhecimento. A base teórica do presente estudo parte do conceito de que o homem pensa e se comunica por imagens, através dos estudos de Belting, Flusser, Bachelard e Calvino. Para compreender a linguagem de Kiarostami e como ele desconstrói o cinema, apoiaremos a pesquisa nos conceitos desenvolvidos por Kiarostami, Bernardet. Utilizaremos também os conceitos de visualidade, visibilidade e imagem dialética, desenvolvidos por Benjamin, Didi-Huberman, Sodré, Ferrara e Flusser, solicitados a fim de entender a comunicação como fluxo que se expande e se contrai num processo de inesgotável troca

Jusqu’à la fin du vingtième siècle, les études sur le cinéma iranien ont tendance à aborder ce cinéma par rapport à la Révolution islamique de 1979, c’est-à-dire à le diviser en deux époques, prérévolutionnaire et postrévolutionnaire. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans une pensée récente qui étudie l’émergence de ce cinéma national en tant que cheminement continu et dominé par des politiques culturelles contradictoires et ambiguës. Dans cette étude, nous ferons au premier chapitre un survol de l’histoire du cinéma iranien, avec un intérêt particulier pour la culture des festivals. Il s’agira de décrypter les enjeux politiques et culturels qui dirigent les décisions du gouvernement et des professionnels de l’industrie. Le deuxième chapitre proposera un questionnement sur la notion de cinéma national, et appliquera cette notion au cinéma iranien. Une attention particulière sera portée à la Fondation du cinéma Farabi, une institution clé dans la promotion du cinéma national et dans l’émergence des films iraniens dans les festivals de films internationaux. Finalement, le troisième chapitre présentera le rôle des festivals dans l’industrie cinématographique ainsi qu’une analyse de l’évolution des films iraniens présentés au Festival des films du monde de Montréal afin de démontrer l’influence des politiques culturelles iraniennes floues sur la présence des films iraniens dans les festivals occidentaux. / Until the end of the twentieth century, studies on Iranian cinema consider the Islamic Revolution of 1979 as a turning point in the history of this cinema, i.e. they divide its history in two eras, pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary. This research joins the recent idea that this national cinema emerged as a continuous progression dominated by contradictory and ambiguous cultural policies. In the first chapter of this essay, we will paint a general picture of the history of Iranian cinema, and its festival culture in particular. We will clarify the political and cultural incentives that orchestrate the decisions of the authorities and the industry’s professionals. The second chapter will question the notion of national cinema, and will apply this notion to Iranian cinema. Special attention will be paid to the Farabi Cinema Foundation, a key institution in the promotion of Iranian national cinema and in the emergence of Iranian films in international film festivals. Thereafter, the third chapter will present the role of festivals in the film industry and an analysis of the evolution of Iranian films presented at the Montreal World Film Festival in order to demonstrate the influence of vague Iranian cultural policies on the presence of Iranian films in Western films festivals.

Dès son apparition, l’écriture romanesque a subi de nombreux changements aussi bien au niveau de la forme que du fond, mais l’écriture romanesque s’est trouvée face à une nouvelle dimension au vingtième siècle du fait du progrès des sciences et des technologies qui ont apporté notamment le cinéma. L’influence des techniques cinématographiques sur l’écriture et la collaboration des Nouveaux Romanciers – nous pensons notamment à Alain Robbe-Grillet et Marguerite Duras, Houshang Golshiri ou encore à des cinéastes français et iraniens comme Alain Resnais et Bahman Farmânâra – ont mené à la naissance d’une écriture transmodale et à celle de textes hybrides qui représentent des caractéristiques des récits à la fois littéraires et cinématographiques. Ainsi, nous pourrions confirmer la théorie avançant que le cinéma est l’écriture de demain, adaptée aux besoins de l’homme moderne entré dans l’Ère de soupçon. Ainsi, cette écriture partant du point de vue du personnage et rendant de ce fait toute structure spatio-temporelle brouillée – en particulier dans l’œuvre de Farmânâra – permet un rapprochement structural entre les scénarios et le Nouveau Roman, permettant alors de peindre une nouvelle image de l’homme égaré dans une société problématique, celle de notre époque. / Since its birth, novel writing has gone through many changes, not only in its shape but also in its content. In the twentieth century, novel writing and especially cinema evolved impressively due to the technological and scientific progress. The influence of cinematographic techniques on the writing and the collaboration with the New Novelists - such as Alain Robbe-Grillet and Marguerite Duras, Houshang Golshiri, and French and Iranian filmmakers such as Alain Resnais and Bahman Farmânâra - led to the creation of a trans modal writing and to the appearance of hybrid texts that both include characteristics of literary and cinematographic narratives. We must accept the theory that cinema is the writing of tomorrow and that the modern man is facing the Era of suspicion. Nevertheless, this kind of writing illustrates a structural similarity particularly between the work of Farmânâra and the New Roman scenarios, especially from the point of view of the character. As a result, we have a scrambled structure in the space and in the time dimension. This context allows us to create a new image of a man who is lost in the modern problematic society. / رمان از آغاز پیدایش همواره شاهد تغییراتی در فرم و محتوا بوده است .با این حال به کمک گسترش علوم متفاوت و تکنیک های سینمایی، این این تغییرات در قرن بیستم ابعاد تازه ای به خود گرفته است تاثیر تکنیک ھای سینمایی بر روی نوشتارو مشارکت رمان نو نویسندگانی چون آلن رب گریه و مارگاریت دوراس در فرانسه و ھوشنگ گلشیری در ایران با سینماگرانی چون آلن رنه فرانسوی و بھمن فرمان آرای ایرانی، منجربه تولد نوعی نوشتار چند وجھی و متون مختلط گردید که معرف خصوصیات ھردو ژانرسینمایی و ادبی می باشد. . بدین ترتیب این تئوری که سینما نوشتار فرداست مطرح میگردد. نوشتاری که خود را با نیازھای انسان مدرن که در عصر شک وارد شده است، تطبیق داده است. بررسی این نوشتار از نقطه نظر پرسوناژ، ساختار زمان و مکان و ... د ر آثار بهمن فرمان آرا و مقایسه ی آن با برترین رمان های نو، رب گریه ، بوتور، دوراس و ھمچنین برخی از کتاب ھای گلشیری که بعضا توسط شخص فرمان آرا اقتباس گردیده اند، علاوه بر نشان دادن نزدیکی سناریوھای وی با رمان نو ، مبین تصویر دیگری است ازاین انسان سرگشته درجامعه پر از دشواری عصر حاضر