Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1987. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 422-441).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Issued also as the author's thesis, Paris. / "Bibliographie": p. [123]-[126]

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This book examines the questions of how Gypsy ethnicity, identity and history are interlinked in the context of examining various contested narratives or origins and migration. The text is itself a series of narratives and counter-narratives that engage in a self-critical, deconstructive analysis of the underlying assumptions hitherto presented in many, if not most of the previous scholarship regarding the origins and identity of the Gypsies, with particular focus on the contextual and radically contingent nature of all such texts. As such, the primary examination is an historiographical and theoretical consideration of the questions surrounding Gypsy ethnicity and identity. The dissertation also considers to what extent the production of historical knowledge is affected by those who produce it from within and without the Gypsy community or communities themselves. Most especially, this survey examines the production of literatures in Turkish scholarship, as related to the underlying conception of the book arguing for a re-examination of Romanī historiography from east to west, rather than the ‘traditional’ Orientalist and Europe-centric perspectives deployed by much of the previous scholarship. Moreover, the dissertation focuses upon the Turkish lands to argue that the historical experiences of Gypsies in this region are of critical importance in understanding the development of both European Romanī histories and in acknowledging the flawed basis for the universalist conceptions of European Roma identity and political mobilisation, as they are now articulated. The importance of Islam in the origins and history of the Gypsies is stressed. This theoretical framework underlies the interweaving narratives that make up the latter sections of the text, a reconsideration of the sources for early Gypsy history that posits an alternative narrative.

The main concern of this study was two-fold: (a) to compute the Iranian economy's long-run growth potential consistent with full-capacity utilization of the output and stocks with the existing current and capital account matrices; and (b) to simulate the impacts that changing petroleum export levels have on capital formation, employment, and income distribution. The analysis proceeded by developing a closed dynamic interindustry model in order to compute the "turnpike" growth rate. The uniform or "turnpike" growth rate computed for the base current and capital account matrices was 1.7 percent per annum. This describes the long-run growth potential for Iran. Given the current and capital coefficients matrices and the uniform growth rate, the level of outputs for the planning period were calculated. The necessary investments which would make the 1.7 percent growth rate possible, were also computed. The input/output table, using the 1973 data base for Iran, was also used to measure the extent of the petroleum industry's backward and forward linkages with the domestic economy. The findings of the study confirmed that the interindustry linkages of the petroleum sector with the rest of the economy were very weak. However, petroleum exports have a large effect on the Iranian economy through indirect influences. The impacts of petroleum exports on the Iranian economy were evaluated by measuring direct and indirect effects of exports and demand for the outputs of all industries. To relate impacts of changing petroleum export levels on the Iranian economy, the approximate level of exports of Iranian crude oil for the planning period was estimated. To find the proportion of the petroleum sector's output which contributes to capital formation, the Leontief inverse matrix was used. The results showed that a significant portion of the total revenues of the oil sector should be allocated for capital formation purposes. However, since sectoral data on capital was not available for Iran at this time, changes in the capital account were not related to changing expectation, and changes in technical coefficients resulting from technological progress were not considered. The method suggested by Todaro1 was used to find the changes in output of each sector corresponding to various levels of oil exports and the changes in employment as a result of changes in output of each sector. This method implies that the level of employment in each industry is uniquely related to the amount of total output produced by that industry. Thus, to find the amount of labor employed in industry i, we merely multiply the corresponding labor coefficient by the total output of that industry. Income distribution concerns were addressed using estimates of the Gini Coefficient. On the basis of the income shares of each percentile group, the Gini Coefficient was found to be 0.58, indicating a significant inequality exists between groups in the Iranian economy. Impacts that changing petroleum export levels have on income distribution were measured using the Theil index. The Theil index is a logarithmic expression of the income, or sector income share, to sector employment ratio which indicates the degree of income inequality between sectors of the economy. This index was found to be 0.021 for the years 1981-1985. This indicates the degree of income inequality between the different sectors is not significant. Also, the effect of the changes of the levels of oil exports on the income inequality index is insignificant.

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Since the 1979 revolution the Iranian popular culture, specifically the popular music, has turned into a peculiar landscape complicated by politics, regulations, technology and the border-crossing of resources. The Islamic Republic’s initial ban on popular music caused a massive exodus of artists and producers out of the country and eventually to Los Angeles. There, the popular music industry’s resources and talents reunited and resumed their production. At the same time, inside Iran, the absence of a popular culture (Iranian or otherwise) created a vacuum in the public sphere that the government-endorsed mystic art-house cinema and traditional music could not fill. The Iranian public turned to its now-exiled pop artists and despite the ban, the cassettes and videotapes of the Los Angeles productions flooded the black markets. Thereafter, when describing music, the terms diasporic and popular became synonymous for Iranians. The present study examines the relevance of the Iranian diasporic popular culture to the construction of the Iranian youth identity and identifies global satellite age trends from within the diaspora that subvert or revise the hegemonic order of Tehrangeles popular culture. / text

This report examines the legacy of “mirrors for princes” literature, or advice literature for kings, in Iranian political thought, particularly in the modern period. While most scholars have studied ‘mirrors’ literature as a predominantly medieval phenomenon, this report argues that the genre and the ideals of kingship it articulates continued to flourish well into the modern period in Iran. Through an analysis of themes found both in the medieval Persian texts and the ‘mirrors’ composed in the Safavid and Qajar periods, this report demonstrates a remarkable continuity in the genre and in the ideology of kingship throughout centuries of dynastic and structural changes in Iran. Moreover, although the genre of ‘mirrors’ appears to have faded with the Qajar dynasty, this report shows how its ideology of kingship continued to influence the rhetoric of political legitimacy in the Pahlavi period. Muhammad Reza Shah in particular relied on the office of the king and his duties of executing justice and protecting Islam to justify both the necessity of the monarchy and his right to the throne. / text

No description available.