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Nutrient and Irrigation Management of Encore Azalea 'Chiffon' Using BiocontainersLi, Tongyin 12 August 2016 (has links)
Encore azaleas are popular ornamental plants for their full sun tolerance, coldhardiness, low maintenance requirements, and reblooming habit in spring, summer, and fall. With their varying growth rates and multiple blooms during a growing season, there is limited information on the nutrient and irrigation requirements of Encore azalea cultivars. The objectives of this study were to investigate the optimum nitrogen (N) requirement of Encore azalea ‘Chiffon’ during a growing season and determine how irrigation frequency and fertilization practices (rates, methods, and timing) affect plant growth and nutrient uptake using both a traditional plastic container and a paper biocontainer. One-year-old liners of Encore azalea ‘Chiffon’ were treated with different N fertigation rates, irrigation frequencies, and sprayed with 3% urea or water in late fall. Plants were investigated for their growth responses and flower production, and analyzed for nutrient and carbohydrate status in different studies when they were grown in both a traditional plastic container and a biodegradable container made from a mix of recycled paper. The biocontainers increased plant growth index, plant dry weight, leaf area, root growth, and uptake of both macro- and micronutrients using N rates of 10, 15, and 20 mM. During a growing season, the biocontainer-grown plants had three flushes of growth while the plastic container-grown plants had only two. The third flush of growth on the biocontainer-grown plants occurred in mid-September, resulting in greater dry weight and N uptake than with plants grown in plastic containers. One irrigation per day resulted in higher flower count and greater root length and surface area. Foliar urea application in late fall was effective in improving plant N status by increasing plant N concentration and content without affecting plant dry weight, but decreased tissue concentrations of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch to varying degrees.
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A comparison of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) cultivars affected by different cultural practices in two production systemsLalk, Geoffrey Thomas 25 November 2020 (has links)
Strawberry cultivar performance affected by various cultural practices was investigated in two production systems. The first study investigated strawberry yield, fruit quality, and production timing of eight cultivars when using black and red plastic mulches in a high tunnel production system. The high tunnel increased air temperatures and advanced strawberry fruiting by four to six weeks compared to local openield production. The second study investigated plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of 10 cultivars fertilized with organic or conventional fertilizer and irrigated once or twice daily with the same total irrigation volume in a container system. Strawberry cultivars varied in their yield and quality variables including soluble solids contents, firmness, and titratible acidity in the two production systems. Mulch color, fertilizer type, and irrigation frequency had varying effects on the growth microenvironment, fruit yield, and certain quality variables.
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Manejo de irriga??o na cultura do tomateiro em campo, na regi?o de Serop?dica-RJ / Irrigation managemente in tomato crop under field conditions in Serop?dica,RJMonte, Jos? Ant?nio 15 February 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2002-02-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of the irrigation schedule on
fruit production and quality, biomass production in the different parts of the plant, and
the physiological growth parameters of the tomato plants, cultivar D?bora for salad,
cultivated in the field, in a split plot design, in the Federal Rural University of Rio de
Janeiro, from 21/09/2005 to 31/01/2006. The experiment was conducted with four
treatments and four replications of different irrigation schedules, using a drip irrigation
system with sprinklers spaced 0,3m with a water volume of 1,14 l.h-1. During the essay,
six samplings of the plants were collected, for evalua tion of the plant development,
through the growth analysis of the different parts of the plant. Mathematical equations
were adjusted for the mass accumulation in root, stems, leaves and fruits, and for leaf
area of plants. The analysis of the results showed that the irrigation schedule of three
days caused lowers values of the physiological parameters, a tendency of reduction of
big fruits production and higher number of small fruits. In these experimental
conditions, the irrigation schedule of two days is the best recommendation for the
farmer because the quality of the tomato production is the same of those under more
frequent irrigation but with a smaller water use. / Com o objetivo de avaliar a influ?ncia do turno de rega na produ??o e qualidade de
frutos, na acumula??o de fitomassa nas diferentes partes da planta, e na obten??o dos
?ndices fisiol?gicos de crescimento da cultura de tomateiro para mesa da cultivar
D?bora, tipo longa vida, realizou-se um experimento em faixas, na Universidade
Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, no per?odo de 21/09/2005 ? 31/01/2006. O
experimento foi feito com quatro tratamentos consistindo de diferentes freq??ncias de
irriga??o, atrav?s de um sistema de irriga??o localizada com emissores espa?ados de 0,3
m e de vaz?o correspondente a 1,14 l.h-1, tendo quatro repeti??es. Durante o
experimento foram realizadas seis coletas de plantas para avaliar o desenvolvimento
vegetal, atrav?s da an?lise do crescimento, em seis diferentes ?pocas ap?s o transplante.
Foram ajustadas equa??es matem?ticas para o ac?mulo de massa, nas ra?zes, nos caules,
nas folhas e nos frutos, e para a ?rea foliar das plantas. Analisando os resultados
observou-se que o turno de rega com intervalo de tr?s dias entre irriga??es apresentou
menores ?ndices fisiol?gicos, menor tend?ncia em produzir frutos grandes e apresentou
maiores n?meros de frutos mi?dos. Nas condi??es experimentais, o turno de rega
alternado de 2 dias foi o mais recomendado para o agricultor, por ter a mesma qualidade
de produ??o de tomate apresentada pelos turnos de regas mais freq?entes, mas com
menr gasto de ?gua.
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Diversidade genética, frequência de irrigação e doses de polímero hidrorretentor na produção de goiabeira / Genetic diversity, irrigation frequency and doses of hydroretentory polymer in guava productionPereira, Eduardo Castro 23 February 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The use of water-repellent polymer in agriculture has been growing in recent years because it has the capacity to retain and provide water slowly to the plants and still be a conditioner for soils. However, the lack of studies for the guava crop and its ideal dose for use in substrates makes its use limited in this context. Another important aspect of guava culture is the study of diversity, which is one of the most important indicators evaluated by plant breeders in the initial phase of a breeding program. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different hydrogel doses and irrigation shifts on the growth of guinea - pig grafts and to evaluate the diversity of guava accesses using morphoagronomic descriptors for qualitative variables in the plant and qualitative and quantitative variables in the fruits. In the experiment I, the experimental design was a randomized block design, with four replications, in the 4 x 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to four doses of the Biogel Aqua Plus® hydrogelent polymer (0.0, 1.0, 2.5 e 5.0 g L-1) and three irrigation shifts (T1 - daily irrigation; T2 - irrigation on alternate days and T3 - irrigation every two days). The following variables were evaluated: height of the portagrafts (cm); Lap diameter (mm); Number of leaves per plant; Dry shoot mass (g), root dry mass weight (g) and total dry weight weight (g); Height / diameter ratio of the neck; Dry height / dry matter ratio; Dry mass ratio of aerial part / root dry mass and content index of chlorophyll. The 1g L-1 dose of the hydrogel incorporated into the substrate is indicated for the production of guinea-pig portagrafts and with the incorporation thereof, irrigation of the guinea-pig portagrafts can be performed frequently within one day. In the experiment II, the morphoagronomic descriptors were evaluated in 84 accessions of seminiferous guava trees cultivated at the experimental farm of UFERSA (Alagoinha), in the region of Mossoró-RN. We evaluated 26 descriptors in the plant, observed in four quadrants. The evaluation through morphoagronomic descriptors showed a partial agreement between the clusters methods studied. The technique of genetic dissimilarity using multicastropic characteristics was effective to investigate the diversity among the accessions of guava trees, showing that the population has wide genetic variability. The evaluation through morphoagronomic descriptors showed a partial agreement between the clusters methods studied. The technique of genetic dissimilarity using multicastropic characteristics was effective to investigate the diversity among the accessions of guava trees, showing that the population has wide genetic variability. In the experiment III, the quality and the morphoagronomic characteristics of fruits of 37 guinea-fowl accesses propagated semen, cultivated in the experimental farm of Ufersa (Alagoinha), in the region of Mossoró-RN, were evaluated. Five fruits were collected from each access and transported to the UFERSA post-harvest laboratory at the CPVSA. For the quality variables, 11 parameters were evaluated. Morphological variables were analyzed according to 13 descriptors. The Tocher optimization clustering methods and the UPGMA method demonstrated wide divergence in the division of groups into the quantitative characteristics. In the grouping carried out for the qualitative variables, the Tocher and UPGMA methods observed great variability among the accessions. The fruit length, fruit weight, firmness, septal shape, fruit shape and color of the epidermis were the main contributors to dissimilarity among the accessions / A utilização do polímero hidrorretentor na agricultura vem crescendo nos últimos anos pelo fato de ter a capacidade de reter e disponibilizar água lentamente para as plantas e ainda ser um condicionador para os solos. Porém, a falta de estudos para a cultura da goiaba e sua dose ideal para utilização nos substratos torna seu uso limitado nesse contexto. Outro aspecto importante da cultura da goiabeira é o estudo da diversidade, que é um dos mais importantes indicadores avaliados por melhoristas de plantas na fase inicial de um programa de melhoramento genético. Portanto, necessita-se de algumas atividades para caracterizá-los. Frente ao exposto, teve-se por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses de hidrogel e turnos de rega na produção de portaenxertos de goiabeira, avaliar os descritores multicategóricos/morfoagrônomicos como método de avaliação da diversidade genética. No experimento I, o delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, no esquema fatorial 4 x 3, correspondendo a quatro doses do polímero hidrorretentor Biogel Aqua Plus® (hidrogel) (0,0; 1,0; 2,5 e 5,0 g L-1) e três turnos de rega (T1 - irrigação diária; T2 - irrigação em dias alternados e T3 - irrigação a cada dois dias). Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: altura dos portaenxertos (cm); diâmetro do colo (mm); número de folhas por planta; massa seca da parte aérea (g), peso da massa seca das raízes (g) e peso da massa seca total (g); relação altura/diâmetro do colo; relação altura/massa seca da parte aérea; relação massa seca da parte aérea/massa seca da raiz e o índice de conteúdo de clorofila. A dose de 1g L-1 do hidrogel incorporado ao substrato é indicada para a produção de portaenxertos de goiabeira, e com sua incorporação a irrigação dos portaenxertos de goiabeira pode ser realizada com frequência em intervalo de um dia. No experimento II, foram avaliados os descritores morfoagronômicos em 84 acessos de goiabeiras propagadas seminalmente, cultivadas na fazenda experimental da Ufersa (Alagoinha), na região de Mossoró-RN. Foram avaliados 26 descritores na planta, observados em quatro quadrantes. A avaliação através de descritores morfoagronômicos mostrou uma concordância parcial entre os métodos de agrupamentos estudados. A técnica de dissimilaridade genética utilizando características multicategóricas foi eficaz para investigar a diversidade entre os acessos de goiabeiras, mostrando que a população possui ampla variabilidade genética. No experimento III, avaliou-se a qualidade e as características morfoagronômicas de frutos de 37 acessos de goiabeira propagadas seminalmente, cultivadas na fazenda experimental da Ufersa (Alagoinha), na região de Mossoró-RN. Foram colhidos cinco frutos de cada acesso e transportados para o laboratório de pós-colheita da Ufersa, no CPVSA. Para as variáveis de qualidade, avaliou-se 11 parâmetros. As variáveis morfológicas foram analisadas de acordo com 13 descritores. Os métodos de agrupamento de otimização de Tocher e o método UPGMA demonstraram ampla divergência na divisão dos grupos para as características quantitativas. No agrupamento realizado para as variáveis qualitativas os métodos de Tocher e UPGMA observaram grande variabilidade entre os acessos. Os caracteres comprimento do fruto, peso do fruto, firmeza, formato das sépalas, forma do fruto e coloração da epiderme foram os que mais contribuíram para a dissimilaridade entre os acessos / 2017-07-24
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