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Transformation and socio-political change in selected isiXhosa novels 1909 - 2006Mtuze, Kutala Primrose 30 June 2008 (has links)
The thesis deals with one major issue of how the amaXhosa authors reflect change and transition in the lives of their characters in the period under consideration. This change pertains both to the socio-politico-economic life of the people concerned and the contents of the books and the style of the authors' writings. The study is ground-breaking in that it goes beyond common dissection of the structural elements of the books to a synthetic study of their themes, subject matter, character portrayal and setting. The primary aim is to give a holistic overview of the changing culture of the black people against the backdrop of subjugation and transformation.
Chapter 1 contains all the formal preliminary information such as aim, method, context, relevance and topicality of study.
Chapter 2 anchors the study in the newspaper age as a solid foundation for the amaXhosa literature.
Chapter 3 is an overview of the beginnings of literary endeavours among the amaXhosa and how they reflect the impact of socio-economic pressures in the lives of the people.
Chapter 4 further illustrates the impact of education and Christianisation on the blacks as well as growing political awareness among the authors.
Chapter 5 focuses on culture-clash among the amaXhosa as a result of the alienating influence of both the church and the school.
Chapter 6 highlights changes in society at the height of oppression under the previous political dispensation.
Chapters 7 and 8 reflect the authors' thinking and how they depict changes in post-apartheid South Africa while Chapter 9 focuses on the role of Language Boards in restricting freedom of writing and expression during the apartheid years.
Chapter 10 is a general conclusion that encapsulates the main points of the thesis. / African Languages / D. Litt, et Phil. (African Languages)
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Learners’ texts : a portrayal of the influence of certain varieties of isiXhosa on English texts and vice versaSpofana, Dumisani Godfrey 10 1900 (has links)
This thesis is about certain varieties of isiXhosa and their apparent influence on English and vice versa. IsiXhosa is a language mainly spoken in the Eastern and Western Cape Provinces of the Republic of South Africa. The study concentrates on certain varieties of isiXhosa that are spoken in the Eastern Cape Province. These varieties are isiBhaca, isiHlubi, isiMpondo, isiThembu and isiGcaleka. IsiGcaleka happens to be the standard variety. A map is provided to illustrate where these varieties are spoken.
The study looks at the learners’ texts which are written in isiXhosa and English. The learners who wrote these texts are in Grades 8 and 9 from selected schools in the areas of Mzimkhulu, Matatiele, Mbizana, Ngcobo and Butterworth. It is worth mentioning that Mzimkhulu has since been moved from the Eastern Cape to KwaZulu/Natal. The learners’ texts are analyzed and comments are provided for each analysis. The study also looks at how educators in selected schools relate with their learners when teaching both isiXhosa and English. Observations are made from the relationship between the educators and learners when the learners are taught isiXhosa and English.
The study also looks at the debate between standard and non-standard variety. Based on the discussion of both the standard variety and non-standard variety it is the view of the researcher that this notion of “standard” and “non-standard” needs to be challenged on all fronts. This is so because standardization occurs as a result of historical coincidence. The study further looks at the Language and Planning issues in the Republic of South Africa. It is important to note that language is the key to the heart of any nation and therefore whatever that is discussed about language should be sensitive to the people speaking that language.The study concludes with the fact that there is a need to train educators especially those who are going to teach African Languages. There is also a need to undertake studies on learners’ needs so that those who design the school curricula must do so knowing what is relevant to the learners in general. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
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An analysis of account on marriage in isiXhosaSomlata, Zakhile 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (African Languages))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / This study deals with the analysis of accounts of marriages in isiXhosa. Gergen
(1994) proposes the following aspects that such narratives should cover: structure of
narrative account; narrative form; self-narrative: process; pragmatics of self-narrative,
interknitting of narratives, and emotion. Each of the listed aspects has its own
variants. The variants will be dealt with in Chapter four, where Gergen’s theory is
being summarised. The proposals Gergen (1994) made are central and significant in
this research, since the narratives that have been given by five Xhosa-speaking
married persons will be analysed according to his theory on self-narratives.
This research seeks to verify the validity of Gergen’s (1994) theory of narratives in
the Xhosa context. The research has been conducted by involving five Xhosaspeaking
married persons. Each person had to give his or her account of marriage in
line with the topic of this research, namely, the analysis of accounts of marriage in
Xhosa. After narratives had been collected, an analysis of each narrative has been
done in Chapter five of this research. The analysis reveals how each narrative
reflects the following: the structure of the narrative account, narrative form, selfnarrative:
process, pragmatics of self-narrative, practices of self-narratives, and
emotions, as suggested by Gergen (1994). Analyses vary from one narrative to
another because an account of married life varies from one person to another.
Bakhtin (1981) suggest that the words that narrators use are inter-individual. The
understanding of social morals, values, norms, justice, and the history of the
community by the narrators enables them to be intelligible in their narratives. It is
therefore crucial that this study be pursued in the Xhosa language because
narratives are socially embedded. The narratives in this study could assist people to
think correctly about the marriages in the Xhosa context. The issue of marriage
affects all people, despite language diversity, and it is therefore proper that this study
be conducted in all languages. If this is not done, others may think that the findings
from this research is applicable to the Xhosa-speaking community only.
The analytic part of this research would help communication practitioners and
language practitioners to analyse narratives in their languages in the same manner as they have been analysed from Xhosa narratives. This research analysis would
assist developing communicators to grow into competent communicators.
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Interaction goals in political accounts in isiXhosaMokapela, Sebolelo Agnes 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DLitt (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / This study deals with research that has been conducted within three government
departments (Education, Health and Social Development) that form part of the social
needs cluster in the Province of the Eastern Cape. Five portfolio committee members
were interviewed in each department (six in the department of Health). Reproaches
(failures and challenges of service delivery and policy implementation) were
developed using information obtained from the “policy and budget speeches” of the
afore-mentioned departments.
In response to these reproaches, committee members had to give accounts
(responses, explanations and/or reason-giving). Four types of accounts (concession,
excuse, denial and justification) which are typical political accounts have proved to be
quite popular and focus has been given to them in the analysis. The focus on the
analysis of the accounts was given to effectiveness, argumentation (reasons or
arguments that are tendered in support of the accounts to establish the amount of
persuasiveness) and politeness.
The conclusions of the findings in the interviews were focused on three elements:
The interviewee: The analyses of the interviewees were discussed with regard to
the accounts together with the number of arguments given. Each reproach was
analyzed within an overview of the type of account with regard to three criteria:
effectiveness, argumentation and politeness. The analyses of the interviewees
were discussed individually with the help of tables of each interviewee. The focus
was on the accounts of justification and excuses. The interview was judged on
two parameters:
i. The number of accounts each interviewee has used with regard to the three
criteria above.
ii. A comparison was made to establish the relative merit of the interviewees
among themselves.
The reproach: various reproaches in the three departments were discussed
separately with regard to the number of accounts and arguments in each reproach. The focus was mainly on the accounts of justification and excuse. A
summary was given of the various reproaches with the four major types of
accounts. The same criteria of effectiveness, argumentation and politeness were
used. Judgment was given on the reproach or reproaches which have shown the
most attention in the interviews with regard to the total number of accounts which
have been used.
The account: various justifications and excuses which have been used in the
interactions were discussed with regard to effectiveness, argumentation and
politeness. The judgment was made as to which type of account was mostly
favored by the interviewees.
Implications of the research were discussed with regard to a comparative overview of
the political accounts in reproaches with specific attention to the type and frequency
of the account as well as possible reasons for this type of preferred account.
Four types of accounts have been used consistently in the interviews and among
these four types, justifications (36.6%) and excuses (46.1%) are generally favored by
all politicians who were involved in the interviews.
These accounts are quite popular among politicians because they work in their favor
as they are employed to reframe the consequences of the act with the ultimate aim of
changing negative perceptions about the policies of the department and/or
government (justifications) and to deny any responsibility and/or causal link between
the politician and the undesirable outcome of the policy and thereby implying that
there is no need for reproach (excuse).
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The language learning strategy use of isiXhosa-speaking adolescents in the second language acquisition of EnglishPretorius, Rentia 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (General Linguistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Research to date on language learning strategy (LLS) use and its influence on second
language (L2) acquisition and proficiency has produced variable results. While many
researchers feel that LLSs have an important role to play in L2 learning and teaching, a
clear definition and classification of LLSs, as well as clear guidelines for LLS
application and training, have yet to be established. LLS use and preference seem to be
influenced by various factors such as culture, age, level of L2 proficiency and level of
education. Therefore, results of specific studies are not necessarily applicable to
different groups of L2 learners. This thesis reports on an investigation into the LLS use
of first language (L1) isiXhosa adolescents in the acquisition of English. Using the
Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), the study examines the relationship
between LLS use as well as LLS preference and L2 proficiency, with an assessment of
the gender differences in LLS use. The study found no significant relationship between
LLS use or LLS preference and English proficiency. Also, no significant difference was
found between the reported preferred LLSs of female and male participants, although
male participants reported significantly more high-frequency LLS use, whereas female
participants reported significantly more low-frequency LLS use. Conclusions drawn
from the results of the study are discussed, followed by suggestions for future research
and a brief discussion of the implications of these results for L2 teaching and learning,
specifically in a South African context. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Navorsing oor die gebruik van taalleerstrategieë (TLSe) en die invloed daarvan op
tweedetaal(T2-)verwerwing het tot dusver uiteenlopende resultate opgelewer. Terwyl
baie navorsers van mening is dat TLSe 'n belangrike rol het om te speel in die leer en
onderrig van 'n T2, moet 'n duidelike definisie en klassifikasie van TLSe, asook
duidelike riglyne vir TLS-aanwending en -opleiding, nog daargestel word. Die gebruik
en voorkeur van TLSe word klaarblyklik deur verskeie faktore beïnvloed, insluitend
kultuur, ouderdom, vlak van T2-vaardigheid en vlak van opvoeding. Resultate van
spesifieke studies is derhalwe nie noodwendig bruikbaar vir verskillende groepe
T2-leerders nie. Hierdie tesis lewer verslag oor ‘n ondersoek na die gebruik van TLSe
deur T1 isiXhosa adolessente in die verwerwing van Engels. Die studie stel ondersoek in
na die verhouding tussen TLS-gebruik asook -voorkeur, gemeet deur die Strategy
Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), en T2-vaardigheid, met 'n beoordeling van die
geslagsverskille in TLS-gebruik. Die studie het geen beduidende verhouding tussen
TLS-gebruik of TLS-voorkeur en Engelse vaardigheid gevind nie. Daar is ook geen
beduidende verskil tussen die aangeduide TLS-voorkeur van vroulike en manlike
deelnemers nie, hoewel manlike deelnemers beduidend meer hoë-frekwensie
TLS-gebruik aangedui het, en vroulike deelnemers beduidend meer lae-frekwensie
TLS-gebruik aangedui het. Gevolgtrekkings wat op grond van die studie gemaak is,
word bespreek, gevolg deur voorstelle vir verdere navorsing en 'n kort bespreking van
die implikasies van die resultate van hierdie studie vir T2-onderrig, veral in 'n Suid-
Afrikaanse konteks.
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The influence of gratitude journalling on the motivation and English language proficiency of young adult isiXhosa speakersAspeling, Lara Lee 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil (General Linguistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / Bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The scientific study of gratitude is one of the topics currently researched by the emergent positive psychology movement, which seeks to understand more about the very best in human beings. Studies in psychology have found that gratitude and other positive emotions in the workplace seem to be linked to motivation, which in turn results in increased productivity. Much research in second language (L2) acquisition has shown a link between increased motivation and improved levels of L2 proficiency. My thesis aims to link these two types of research, by investigating the effect of gratitude journalling on isiXhosa-speaking students at a South African university of technology, in respect of their motivation to improve their English, their attitude towards English, and their English language proficiency. I also attempt to determine whether the language in which the journalling is done has any impact.
I developed several tasks for my participants, in order to ascertain their attitudes towards English, their motivation to improve their English, and their English proficiency. These tasks took the form of surveys and questionnaires, which were completed before and after a journalling intervention. The intervention was in the form of journalling online, using the university's e-Learning Centre's WebCT application. The participants were divided into four groups: factual journalling in English; factual journalling in isiXhosa; gratitude journalling in English; gratitude journalling in isiXhosa. They were asked to write two to three sentences in their online journals on five out of every seven days for the period of one month. In line with the findings of previous research conducted with isiXhosa learners, the results of my investigations showed that these isiXhosa students had a fairly positive attitude towards English to begin with. No significant changes in attitudes towards English, motivation to improve English, or English proficiency, were noted among any of the four groups of journallers pre- versus post-intervention.
It makes sense intuitively that gratitude journalling should increase the motivation and thus the proficiency of isiXhosa learners in English. However, in retrospect, I realise that it was somewhat ambitious to expect to see a change in English language proficiency over the period of just one month. If my participants had experienced enhanced levels of motivation as a result of the gratitude journalling (in English and/or in isiXhosa), their proficiency in English might have increased over time. However, the gratitude journalling seems not to have had an impact on the attitude towards English/motivation to improve English of these third-year isiXhosa university students. Whatever the effect might have been of the gratitude journalling in these young adults' lives, it is not reflected directly in the results of my study. Perhaps future research on the impact of gratitude journalling in the lives of university students could be conducted, using larger samples of participants, and extending the intervention over a longer period of time. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wetenskaplike bestudering van dankbaarheid is een van die onderwerpe wat deesdae nagevors word deur die opkomende positiewe sielkunde beweging, wat daarna streef om meer te wete te kom oor die heel beste eienskappe van die mens. Ondersoeke in sielkunde het gevind dat dankbaarheid en ander positiewe emosies in die werksituasie gekoppel skyn te wees aan motivering, wat weer op sy beurt lei tot verhoogde produktiwiteit. Baie navorsing in tweedetaal(T2-)verwerwing het 'n verband gevind tussen verhoogde motivering en verhoogde vlakke van T2-vaardigheid. Hierdie tesis poog om hierdie twee tipes navorsing te verbind, deur ondersoek in te stel na die invloed van die hou van 'n dankbaarheidsjoernaal op die motivering en houding teenoor Engels en die Engelse vaardigheidsvlakke van isiXhosa-sprekende studente aan 'n Suid-Afrikaanse universiteit van tegnologie. My doel was om vas te stel of die hou van 'n dankbaarheidsjoernaal hierdie leerders sou kon help om hul motiveringsvlakke te verhoog en daarom indirek hulle vaardigheid in Engels, en om vas te stel of die taal waarin die joernaal gehou word enige impak sou hê.
Ek het verskeie take ontwerp vir my deelnemers, om sodoende vas te stel wat hulle houding teenoor Engels was, sowel as hulle motivering om hul Engels te verbeter, en hulle Engelse vaardigheidsvlak. Hierdie take het opnames en vraelyste behels wat voltooi is voor en na 'n joernaal-hou intervensie. Die intervensie het behels dat die deelnemers aanlyn 'n joernaal moes hou en ek het gebruik gemaak van die universiteit se e-leer sentrum se WebCT. Die deelnemers is in vier groepe verdeel: feitelike joernaal in Engels; feitelike joernaal in isiXhosa; dankbaarheidsjoernaal in Engels; dankbaarheidsjoernaal in isiXhosa. Hulle is gevra om vir een maand lank twee of drie sinne in hulle aanlynjoernale te skryf op vyf uit elke sewe dae. In aansluiting by die bevindinge van vorige navorsing op isiXhosa-sprekende leerders, het die resultate van my ondersoek daarop gedui dat hierdie isiXhosa studente 'n relatief positiewe houding teenoor Engels gehad het, nog voor die intervensie. Geen beduidende verskille in houdings teenoor Engels, motivering om Engels te verbeter, of Engelse vaardigheid is gevind vir enige van die vier groepe toe pre-intervensie en post-intervensie prestasie met mekaar vergelyk is nie.
Dit maak intuïtief sin dat die hou van 'n dankbaarheidsjoernaal deur T2-leerders sou lei tot verhoogde motivering en daarom tot verhoogde vaardigheidsvlakke in Engels. Agterna beskou, besef ek egter dat dit effens ambisieus van my was om te verwag om 'n verandering in Engelse
vaardigheidsvlakke te sien binne een maand. Miskien sou my deelnemers se vaardigheidsvlakke in Engels met verloop van tyd verbeter het indien hulle wel verhoogde motivering ervaar het as gevolg van die hou van 'n dankbaarheidsjoernaal (in Engels en/of isiXhosa). Die dankbaarheidsjoernale skyn egter geen impak te gehad het op die houding teenoor Engels / motivering om Engels te verbeter by hierdie derde-jaar isiXhosa universiteitstudente nie. Watter effek die hou van 'n dankbaarheidsjoernaal ookal gehad het in die lewens van hierdie jong volwassenes, dit word nie gereflekteer in die resultate van my studie nie. Miskien sou verdere navorsing gedoen kon word oor die impak van dankbaarheidsjoernale in die lewens van universiteitstudente, met groter steekproewe en 'n langer intervensietydperk.
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Transformation and socio-political change in selected isiXhosa novels 1909 - 2006Mtuze, Kutala Primrose 30 June 2008 (has links)
The thesis deals with one major issue of how the amaXhosa authors reflect change and transition in the lives of their characters in the period under consideration. This change pertains both to the socio-politico-economic life of the people concerned and the contents of the books and the style of the authors' writings. The study is ground-breaking in that it goes beyond common dissection of the structural elements of the books to a synthetic study of their themes, subject matter, character portrayal and setting. The primary aim is to give a holistic overview of the changing culture of the black people against the backdrop of subjugation and transformation.
Chapter 1 contains all the formal preliminary information such as aim, method, context, relevance and topicality of study.
Chapter 2 anchors the study in the newspaper age as a solid foundation for the amaXhosa literature.
Chapter 3 is an overview of the beginnings of literary endeavours among the amaXhosa and how they reflect the impact of socio-economic pressures in the lives of the people.
Chapter 4 further illustrates the impact of education and Christianisation on the blacks as well as growing political awareness among the authors.
Chapter 5 focuses on culture-clash among the amaXhosa as a result of the alienating influence of both the church and the school.
Chapter 6 highlights changes in society at the height of oppression under the previous political dispensation.
Chapters 7 and 8 reflect the authors' thinking and how they depict changes in post-apartheid South Africa while Chapter 9 focuses on the role of Language Boards in restricting freedom of writing and expression during the apartheid years.
Chapter 10 is a general conclusion that encapsulates the main points of the thesis. / African Languages / D. Litt, et Phil. (African Languages)
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Learners’ texts : a portrayal of the influence of certain varieties of isiXhosa on English texts and vice versaSpofana, Dumisani Godfrey 10 1900 (has links)
This thesis is about certain varieties of isiXhosa and their apparent influence on English and vice versa. IsiXhosa is a language mainly spoken in the Eastern and Western Cape Provinces of the Republic of South Africa. The study concentrates on certain varieties of isiXhosa that are spoken in the Eastern Cape Province. These varieties are isiBhaca, isiHlubi, isiMpondo, isiThembu and isiGcaleka. IsiGcaleka happens to be the standard variety. A map is provided to illustrate where these varieties are spoken.
The study looks at the learners’ texts which are written in isiXhosa and English. The learners who wrote these texts are in Grades 8 and 9 from selected schools in the areas of Mzimkhulu, Matatiele, Mbizana, Ngcobo and Butterworth. It is worth mentioning that Mzimkhulu has since been moved from the Eastern Cape to KwaZulu/Natal. The learners’ texts are analyzed and comments are provided for each analysis. The study also looks at how educators in selected schools relate with their learners when teaching both isiXhosa and English. Observations are made from the relationship between the educators and learners when the learners are taught isiXhosa and English.
The study also looks at the debate between standard and non-standard variety. Based on the discussion of both the standard variety and non-standard variety it is the view of the researcher that this notion of “standard” and “non-standard” needs to be challenged on all fronts. This is so because standardization occurs as a result of historical coincidence. The study further looks at the Language and Planning issues in the Republic of South Africa. It is important to note that language is the key to the heart of any nation and therefore whatever that is discussed about language should be sensitive to the people speaking that language.The study concludes with the fact that there is a need to train educators especially those who are going to teach African Languages. There is also a need to undertake studies on learners’ needs so that those who design the school curricula must do so knowing what is relevant to the learners in general. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
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