published_or_final_version / abstract / Pharmacology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Yuen, Ka Leung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-104). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- CANCER / Chapter 1.1.1 --- OVERVIEW OF CANCER --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- CHARACTERISTICS OF CANCER CELLS --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- CATEGORIZATION OF CANCER --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- RISK FACTORS IN CANCER DEVELOPMENT --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.7 --- CANCER THERAPIES --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2 --- SOYBEANS AND ISOFLAVONES / Chapter 1.2.1 --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF ISOFLAVONES --- p.18 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- NATURAL FUNCTIONS OF ISOFLAVONES --- p.19 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- STRUCTURES OF ISOFLAVONES --- p.19 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- BIOACTIVITIES OF SOY ISOFLAVONES --- p.20 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- PRODUCTION OF SOY ISOFLAVONES CAN BE AFFECTED BY MANY FACTORS --- p.21 / Chapter 1.3 --- THE AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT / Chapter 1.3.1 --- AIM OF THE PROJECT --- p.22 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT --- p.23 / Chapter 2 --- Materials / Chapter 2.1 --- 19 DROUGHT TOLERANT SOYBEAN LINES --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2 --- 5 HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3 --- CHEMICALS --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4 --- REAGENTS --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5 --- SOLUTIONS --- p.26 / Chapter 2.6 --- MAJOR EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIALS --- p.28 / Chapter 3 --- Methodology / Chapter 3.1 --- PREPARATION OF SOYBEAN EXTRACTS --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY(HPLC) ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN EXTRACTS / Chapter 3.2.1 --- PREPARATION OF SOYBEAN EXTRACTS FOR HPLC ANALYS --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- HPLC ANALYSIS --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3 --- PREPARATION OF 5 HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES FOR ANTI-PROLIFERATION ASSAY / Chapter 3.3.1 --- THAWING OF THE C Y R O P R E S E R V E D CELL LINES --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- MAINTAINING OF CELL LINES --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- ANTI-PROLIFERATION TEST WITH MTT ASSAY --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4 --- STATISTICS --- p.35 / Chapter 4 --- Results / Chapter 4.1 --- PREPARARTION OF SOYBEAN EXTRACTS --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2 --- HPLC ANALYSIS OF 5 SELECTED ISOFLAVONES IN 19 SOYBEAN SAMPLES --- p.36 / Chapter 4.3 --- COMPARISON OF SUM OF 5 SELECTED ISOFLAVONES FROM THE PARENT SOYBEAN AND VARIETIES HARVESTED FROM IRRIGATED LAND --- p.43 / Chapter 4.4 --- COMPARISON OF SUM OF 5 SELECTED ISOFLAVONES FROM THE SOYBEAN VARIETIES HARVESTED FROM DROUGHT LAND --- p.45 / Chapter 4.5 --- COMPARISON OF SELECTED ISOFLAVONES FROM THE PARENT SOYBEAN AND VARIETIES HARVESTED FROM IRRIGATED LAND --- p.47 / Chapter 4.6 --- COMPARISON OF SELECTED ISOFLAVONES FROM THE PARENT SOYBEAN AND VARIETIES HARVESTED FROM DAROUGHT LAND --- p.54 / Chapter 4.7 --- COMPARISON OF SUM OF SELECTED ISOFLAVONES AMONG THE SOYBEANS HARVESTED FROM IRRIGATED LAND AND DROUGHT LAND --- p.59 / Chapter 4.8 --- DETERMINATION OF ANTI-PROLIFERATION ABILITIES OF SOYBEAN SAMPLES --- p.19 / Chapter 4.8.1 --- ANTI-PROLIFERATION TEST OF ETHANOL AND 2-PHEN YLCHROMONE --- p.61 / Chapter 4.8.2 --- ANTI-PROLIFERATION ACTIVITIES OF 19 SOYBEAN SAMPLES ON 5 HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES --- p.61 / Chapter 4.9 --- COMPARISON OF ANTI-PROLIFERATION POTENCIES OF19 SOYBEAN SAMPLES WITH SUM OF SELECTED ISOFLAVONES --- p.70 / Chapter 4.10 --- COMPARISON OF ANTI-PROLIFERATION POTENCIES OF19 SOYBEAN SAMPLES --- p.72 / Chapter 4.11 --- ANTI-PROLIFERATION EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL ISOFLAVONES ON FIVE CANCER CELL LINES --- p.74 / Chapter 5 --- Discussion / Chapter 5.1 --- EXTRACTION OF 19 SOYBEAN LINES --- p.77 / Chapter 5.2 --- DETERMINATION OF QUANTITIES OF SELECTED ISOFLAVONES IN 19 SOYBEAN SAMPLES BY HPLC ANALYSIS --- p.77 / Chapter 5.3 --- COMPARISON OF SELECTED ISOFLAVONES AMONG 19 SOYBEAN SAMPLES / Chapter 5.3.1 --- COMPARISON OF SUM OF SELECTED ISOFLAVONES BETWEEN PARENT AND SOYBEANS HARVESTED FROM IRRIGATED LAND --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- COMPARISON OF SUM OF SELECTED ISOFLAVONES BETWEEN SOYBEANS HARVESTED FROM DROUGHT LAND --- p.81 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- COMPARISON OF SELECTED ISOFLAVONES BETWEEN SOYBEANS HARVESTED FROM IRRIGATED LAND --- p.81 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- COMPARISON OF SELECTED ISOFLAVONES BETWEEN SOYBEANS HARVESTED FROM DROUGHT LAND --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- COMPARISON OF SUM OF SELECTED ISOFLAVONES BETWEEN SOYBEANS HARVESTED FROM IRRIGATED LAND AND DROUGHT LAND --- p.83 / Chapter 5.4 --- COMPARISON OF ANTI-PROLIFERATION ACTIVITIES OF 19 SOYBEAN SAMPLES / Chapter 5.4.1 --- COMPARISON OF ANTI-PROLIFERATION ACTIVITIES OF19 SOYBEAN SAMPLES AMONG 5 CANCER CELL LINES --- p.84 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- COMPARISON OF ANTI-PROLIFERATION POTENCIES OF19 SOYBEAN SAMPLES --- p.85 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- COMPARISON OF ANTI-PROLIFERATION ACTIVITIES OF19 SOYBEAN SAMPLES AND CORRESPONDING SUM OF SELECTED ISOFLAVONES --- p.86 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- COMPARISON OF IC50S FROM SOYBEANS HARVESTED FROM IRRIGATED LAND AND DROUGHT LAND --- p.87 / Chapter 5.4.5 --- CORRELATION OF ISOFLAVONES AND ANTI-PROLIFERATION POTENCIES --- p.88 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.90 / Chapter 7 --- References --- p.91 / Chapter 8 --- Appendix --- p.S1

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent female cancer in both developed and developing world which comprising 16% of all female cancer according to WHO GLOBOCAN 2008. The statistic from Hong Kong Cancer Registry reported that breast cancer is the third commonest cause of female death in Hong Kong. Breast cancer incidence varies remarkably among developed countries. The high dietary consumption of soy isoflavones has been hypothesized to explain the lower breast cancer incidence among women in Asian countries in observational studies, but whether soy isoflavones exert estrogenic or anti-estrogenic in breast tissue remains uncertain. Objective: This systematic review was to assess the effects of isoflavone-rich soy consumption on breast cancer risk in pre- and post-menopausal women Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for conducting and reporting randomized controlled trials were followed. Data sources: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted through searching databases: MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane Library (2002 until March 2012). Keywords for electronic searches included: [(soy OR isoflavones) AND (breast cancer OR breast neoplasms)] limited study types to human & randomized controlled studies. Study selection: RCTs of the effects of isoflavones or supplement versus placebo or control diet among pre- and post-menopausal participants who were currently free from breast cancer. Outcome measurements: serum sex hormones and IGF profile, mammographic density and menstruation cycle length Results: 15 RCTs (1527 women) compared isoflavones with placebo or control diet for study duration ranged from 2 months to 2 years. No significant effect was found on serum sex hormones, IGF profile, mammographic density or menstrual cycle length. The effect of menstrual cycle on mammographic densities was noticed. Conclusion: The results of the systematic review did not support the hypothesis that short-term isoflavones exposure has an effect on modulating breast cancer risk. The effect of menstrual cycle on mammographic densities probably reflects the effect of hormonal changes. Null results did not necessarily contradict the inverse association between soy intake and breast cancer risk from the results of epidemiologic studies. The absence of conclusive data on the effects might be attributable to the insufficient exposure duration in the RCTs. Longer duration of soy exposure and early life exposure might be a scope for future research. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Orientadores: Pedro Luiz Rosalen, Severino M. Alencar / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T01:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bueno-Silva_Bruno_M.pdf: 1697425 bytes, checksum: 055f2dd91e407acf734bcc51d0a438bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Entre as própolis brasileiras, urna nova própolis ainda não classificada de acordo com Park et al., 2002 e denominada de própolis vermelha originária do estado de Alagoas (Nordeste do Brasil), tem mostrado resultados interessantes em relação a sua composição química e atividade biológica em estudos preliminares. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é identificar a origem botânica da própolis vermelha, a composição química e atividade biológica do extrato etanólico da própolis (EEP) e do extrato etanólico da resina da planta (EER), avaliar o efeito sazonal sobre a composição química e atividade biológica do EEP e do EER. Esses objetivos foram atingidos através das seguintes metodologias: 1- observação do comportamento de visita das abelhas à . vegetação próxima à colméia; 2- comparação dos perfis químicos dos vegeÜlis visitados pelas abelhas coletoras de resina e da própolis vermelha, obtidos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência em fase reversa e análises complementares, estabelecendo-se assim, as características entre ambos os materiais, visando à identificação do marcador biológico botânico e 3- avaliação da influência do efeito sazonal anual sobre a própolis vermelha e sua vegetação fonte por meio da atividade antimicrobiana e perfil químico, com coletas bimensais das amostras durante o período de 1 ano. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada por meio da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) e os microrganismos usados foram: O Streptococcus mutans UA159, Streptococcus sobrinus 6715, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 e Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 12104. Os resultados demonstraram o mesmo perfil quimico entre o EEP e o EER da planta Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L.) Taub., cuja característica foi a alta concentração relativa das isoflavonas 3-hidroxi-8,9-dimetoxipterocarpin e medicarpina. Os perfis químicos do EEP e do EER, obtidos ao longo do ano, através do testes químicos, apresentaram-se distintos dos perfis dos demais 12 tipos de própolis brasileiras já classificadas e variaram quantitativamente de acordo com a sazonalidade. A CIM variou entre 15,6-125 'mu'g/rnL e a CBM de 31,2 - 500 'mu'g/mL considerando os 4 microrganismos àvaliados. Conclui-se que esta própolis, cuja origem botânica é a Dalbergia ecastophyllum, pode ser classificada corno o 13° tipo de própolis, de acordo Park et al., 2002, e tanto o EEP quanto o EER apresentaram alta atividade antimicrobiana, os quais poderão ser utilizados para pesquisas futuras de novas moléculas no controle da cárie dental / Abstract: Among the Brazilian propolis, new propolis not yet classified, according to Park et al., 2002 and called of red propolis, originary from Alagoas state (Northeast of Brazil), have showed interesting results in preliminary studies in our laboratories. Thus, the main objective of this work is to identify the botanical marker of red propolis, the chemical composition and biological activity of extract ethanolic of propolis (EEP) and the extract ethanolic of resin of plant (EER), verifying the effect of seasonal period on chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of EEP and EER. This objective was reached through the following methodologies: 1- observation of bee behavior in visiting vegetation next beehive; 2- comparison of chemical profile of vegetables visited by bees for collecting resin with red propolis, gotten for liquid chromatography of high efficiency in phase reverse and complementary analyses, for establishing the common characteristics between both materiaIs, aiming to identification of botanical biological marker; 3- evaluation of influence seasonal annual effect on the red propolis and its vegetation source by means of the antimicrobial activity and chemical profile, with bymonthly collections of the samples during the period of 1 year. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and microorganism used were Streptococcus mutans UA159, Streptococcus sobrinus 6715, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 e Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 12104. The results had the same demonstrated to chemical profile between the EEP and the EER of the plant Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L.) Taub. Whose characteristic was the high relative concentration of isoflavonas 3-hidroxi-8,9 dimetoxipterocarpin and medicarpina. The chemical profiles of EEP and EER varied quantitatively according to seasonal effect The CIM varied between 15.6-125 'mu'g/rnL and the CBM of 31.2 - 500 'mu'g/rnL. One concludes that these propolis, whose botanical origin is the Dalbergia ecastophyllum, can be classified as 13° type of propolis, according to Park et al., 2002 and the EEP and EER showed high antibacterial activity which can be used for future molecule research in the control of caries dental / Mestrado / Farmacologia, Anestesiologia e Terapeutica / Mestre em Odontologia

No description available.

Guan, Lei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-145). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.I / ABSTRACT --- p.II / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.VII / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.IIX / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Distribution and Origins --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- History of Use --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- Chemical Structure --- p.3 / Chapter 1.5 --- Physiologic Properties --- p.5 / Chapter 1.6 --- Absorption and Metabolism --- p.7 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Concentration of Isoflavones in Plasma --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Urinary Excretion --- p.10 / Chapter 1.7 --- Healthy Effects --- p.11 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Menopausal Symptom --- p.11 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Cardiovascular Disease --- p.12 / Chapter 1.7.3 --- Osteoporosis --- p.13 / Chapter 1.7.4 --- Tumors --- p.14 / Chapter 1.7.4.1 --- Breast Cancer --- p.14 / Chapter 1.7.4.2 --- Prostate Cancer --- p.15 / Chapter 1.7.5 --- Alcohol Addiction --- p.16 / Chapter 1.7.6 --- Potential Adverse Effects --- p.16 / Chapter 1.8 --- Summary --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Determination of Isoflavones in Soybean and Gegen --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Classification and Structure of Phytoestrogens --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Isoflavones in Soybeans and Gegen --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Methods of Determination --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Isolation and Purification of Isoflavones --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Analytical Methods for Isoflavones in Soybeans and Gegen --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2 --- Objective --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Extraction and Isolation of Soybean and Gegen Isoflavone Extracts --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- HPLC Analysis --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Sample Preparation for the HPLC Analysis --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- HPLC Analysis --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.3.3 --- Qualitative Analysis of the Isoflavones and Their Glycosides in Soybean and Gegen --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Isoflavone Identification of Soybean Extract --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Isoflavone Identification of Gegen Extract --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Soybean and Gegen Isoflavone Extracts in Ovariectomized，Intact Male and Castrated Golden Syrian Hamsters --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Objective --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Preparation of Soybean and Gegen Isoflavone Extracts --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Animals and Diets --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Determinations --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Determination of Cholesterol Concentration in the Organs --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Statistics --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Food Intake and Body and Relative Organ Weights --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Effects of Soybean and Gegen Isoflavone Extracts on Serum and Organ Cholesterol in Ovariectomized and Intact Male and Castrated Hamsters --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Possible Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Soybean Isoflavones on SD Rats --- p.67 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2 --- Objective --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Diet --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Animals --- p.73 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Study Design --- p.73 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Measurement of Reproductive Hormones --- p.74 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Measurement of Sperm Number --- p.74 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Statistics --- p.75 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.77 / Chapter 4.4.1. --- Food Intake and Food Efficiency Ratio --- p.77 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Growth Trend --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Organ Weight --- p.82 / Chapter 4.4.3.1 --- Absolute Organ Weight --- p.82 / Chapter 4.4.3.2 --- Relative Organ Weight --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Reproductive Hormone Levels --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Epididymis Parameters of Male Rats --- p.88 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.90 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Possible Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Gegen Isoflavones on SD Rats --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.97 / Chapter 5.2 --- Objective --- p.99 / Chapter 5.3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.100 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Animals and Diets --- p.100 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Study Design --- p.100 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Statistics --- p.101 / Chapter 5.4 --- Results --- p.103 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Food Consumption and Food Efficiency Ratio --- p.103 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Growth Trend --- p.105 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Organ Weights --- p.108 / Chapter 5.4.3.1 --- Absolute Organ Weights --- p.108 / Chapter 5.4.3.2 --- Relative Organ Weight --- p.110 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Reproductive Hormone Levels --- p.112 / Chapter 5.4.5 --- Epididymis Parameters of Male Rats --- p.114 / Chapter 5.5 --- Discussion --- p.116 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.121 / References --- p.123

Fabaceae é a terceira maior família botânica, apresentando grande importância ecológica, ornamental e econômica. Por sua grande diversidade de espécies está dividida em seis sub-famílias Caesalpinioideae, Cercidoideae, Detarioideae, Dialioideae, Duparquetioideae e Papilionoideae. Papilionoideae é considerada um grupo monofilético e nesta está inserida Glycine max (L.) Merr., espécie de importância econômica alimentícia (grãos, farelo, óleo) e medicinal. A soja tem seu centro de origem na China, sendo que a soja moderna foi modificada por cruzamentos entre duas espécies selvagens, por cientistas ainda na antiga China. É considerada um alimento completo, pois contém proteínas, gorduras, óleos, aminoácidos essenciais e metabólitos secundários, tais como isoflavonas e outras substâncias fenólicas, importantes antioxidantes naturais. A liberação do plantio da soja se deu com a Lei 11.105 de 24 de março de 2005, levando a um aumento exponencial de sua produção no país. Seu consumo ocorre em todo o mundo, e sua produção aumenta a cada ano, pois também vem sendo utilizada como fonte para a produção de biocombustível. Atualmente, sabemos que a poluição atmosférica e outras atividades humanas contribuem para o aumento de poluentes na atmosfera e consequente impacto na camada de ozônio. A radiação ultravioleta é dividida em três: ultravioleta A (315 a 400 nm), ultravioleta B (280 a 315 nm) e ultravioleta C (200 e 280 nm). Por conta disso, estudos que visam avaliar como a radiação ultravioleta pode interferir no metabolismo vegetal podem contribuir para o conhecimento mais aprofundado sobre como espécies cultivadas são afetadas por esse fator de estresse. Os metabólitos especiais são importantes estratégias químicas usadas pelas plantas na sua defesa contra fatores de estresse biótico ou abiótico. Em particular, as substâncias fenólicas como os flavonoides e isoflavonas são importantes metabólitos envolvidos nos mecanismos de defesa vegetal associados à fotoproteção. Este projeto teve por objetivo contribuir com conhecimentos quanto aos efeitos da radiação ultravioleta sobre a produção de metabólitos fenólicos durante o desenvolvimento vegetativo de dois cultivares de soja CD202RR e CD202, quando submetidos a três tratamentos com diferentes incidências de radiação ultravioleta (UV): 1. Ausência de radiação UV (UV-), 2. Alta incidência de radiação UV (UV+) e 3. Incidência natural de radiação UV solar (Controle). A hipótese deste estudo partiu do pressuposto que substâncias fenólicas são reconhecidos metabólitos vegetais com propriedades de absorção de luz nos comprimentos de onda do espectro UV-Visível, sendo assim, aumentariam em conteúdo em resposta a alta intensidade de radiação UV. Foram feitas análises por CLAE-DAD e CLAE-MS das substâncias fenólicas em folhas de G. max em três estádios vegetativos (V3, V4 e V5). As sementes de soja foram germinadas dentro das câmaras e 10 plantas foram coletadas por estádio, em cada câmara e em 3 repetições de experimentos (setembro de 2016 a março 2017). Foi verificado que o tratamento UV+ resultou em menores massas foliares quando comparado ao Controle e UV-. Há também diferença nas alturas das plantas de soja e danos nas folhas produzidos pela maior incidência de radiação UV. Foram identificados 28 constituintes, sendo 13 derivados do ácido cinâmico, 9 derivados dos flavonoides campferol e apigenina e 6 isoflavonas derivadas de genisteína e daidzeína. Quanto aos conteúdos fenólicos, pode-se observar que há um aumento da quantidade de isoflavonas na câmara UV+ em relação ao Controle para ambos os cultivares. Para os derivados cinâmicos e os flavonóis encontrados, observa-se um decréscimo em relação ao Controle para grande parte desses constituintes. Diminuição no conteúdo de flavonóis e aumento de isoflavonas pode ser devido a um possível desvio da via de produção dos flavonoides, uma vez que naringenina é o precursor para a síntese de ambas as classes. Além disso, isoflavonas apresentam espectro de absorção UV-Vis com banda máxima no comprimento de onda entre 260-280 nm, o que pode resultar em maior fotoproteção para plantas expostas a maiores intensidades de radiação UV / Fabaceae is the third largest botanical family, with great ecological, ornamental and economic importance. For its great diversity of species, the family is divided into six sub-families Caesalpinioideae, Cercidoideae, Detarioideae, Dialioideae, Duparquetioideae and Papilionoideae. Papilionoideae is a monophyletic group comprising Glycine max (L.) Merr., an important economic species for food (grains, bran, oil) and medicine. Glycine has its center of origin in China, and modern soybean has been modified by crosses between two wild species, by scientists still in ancient China. It is considered a complete food because it contains proteins, fats, oils, essential amino acids and secondary metabolites, such as isoflavones and other phenolic substances, important natural antioxidants. The liberation of soybean culture occurred in Brazil after the 11,105 law of March 24, 2005, leading to an exponential increase of its production in the country. Its consumption occurs all over the world, and its production increases every year, since it is also used as a source for the production of biofuel. We now know that atmospheric pollution and other human activities contribute to the increase of pollutants in the atmosphere and a consequent impact on the ozone layer. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is divided into three: ultraviolet A (315 at 400 nm), ultraviolet B (280 to 315 nm), and ultraviolet C (200 and 280 nm). Because of this, studies aiming to evaluate how ultraviolet radiation can interfere on plant metabolism may contribute to better understand of how cultivated species are affected by this stress factor. Special metabolites are important chemical strategies used to plant defense against biotic or abiotic stress factors. In particular, phenolic substances such as flavonoids and isoflavones are important metabolites involved in the plant defense mechanisms associated to photoprotection. The objective of this project was to contribute with knowledge about the effects of ultraviolet radiation on the production of phenolic metabolites during the vegetative development of two soybean cultivars CD202RR and CD202, when exposed to three UV treatments: 1. Absence of UV radiation (UV-), 2. High incidence of UV radiation (UV +), and 3. Natural incidence of solar UV radiation (Control). The hypothesis of this study was based on the assumption that phenolic substances are recognized plant metabolites with properties of light absorption in the wavelengths of the UV-visible spectrum and thus could increase in content in response to high intensity of UV radiation. Analyzes were performed using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS of leaves of G. max at three vegetative stages (V3, V4 and V5). Soybean seeds were germinated within the chambers and 10 plants were collected per stage, in each chamber and in 3 experiment replicates (September of 2016 to March of 2017). It was observed that UV+ treatment resulted in smaller leaf biomass when compared to Control and UV-. There were also differences in soybean heights and leaf damage produced by the higher incidence of UV radiation. A total of 28 constituents were identified, of which 13 were cinnamic acid derivatives, 9 kaempferol and apigenin derivatives, and 6 genistein and daidzein derivatives (isoflavones). Was observed an increase in the contents of isoflavones in the UV+ comparing to Control, for both cultivars. Cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids showed decreased contents in relation to the Control. Decreases in flavonoid content together with increases in isoflavones might be explain by a possible flavonoid pathway deviation, since naringenin is precursor of both flavonoid classes. Isoflavones show UV-Vis absorption spectra with maximum absorption between 260-280 nm, which might result in higher capacity for UV photoprotection

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-113).