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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
171

Subvariedades de codimensão 2 em formas espaciais / Submanifolds of codimension 2 into space forms

Souza, Cleidinaldo Aguiar 13 July 2018 (has links)
Um problema central em teoria de subvariedades é estudar imersões isométricas f : Mn → Qn+kc de uma variedade Riemanniana completa em uma forma espacial sob a ação de um subgrupo conexo e fechado do grupo de isometrias Iso(M). Esse estudo teve início com o relevante trabalho de Kobayashi (KOBAYASHI, 1958), que provou que se Mn é uma hipersuperfície compacta e homogênea no espaço Euclidiano, então Mn é isométrica à esfera usual. Neste trabalho estudamos imersões isométricas em formas espaciais com codimensão igual a 2. Mais precisamente, obtemos uma classificação das imersões isométricas f : Mn → Qn+2c de uma variedade Riemanniana completa sob a ação de cohomogeneidade 1 de um subgrupo fechado G ⊂ Iso(M), de modo que as órbitas principais são hipersuperfícies umbílicas de Mn. / An important problem in submanifold theory is to study isometric immersions f : Mn → Qn+kc into a space form of a complete Riemannian manifold of dimension n acted on by a closed connected subgroup of its isometry group Iso(M). This study was initiated by Kobayashi (KOBAYASHI, 1958), who proved that if Mn is a compact and homogeneous hypersurface into Euclidean space, then Mn must be a round sphere. In this work we study isometric immersions into a space form with codimension 2. More precisely, we give a complete classification of isometric immersions f : Mn → Qn+2c of complete Riemannian manifold into a space form acted on by a closed connected subgroup G &sub: Iso(M) of cohomogeneity one, under the assumption that all principal orbits are umbilical hypersurfaces of Mn.
172

Isometric versus Elastic Surfboard Interfaces for 3D Travel in Virtual Reality

Wang, Jia 31 May 2011 (has links)
" Three dimensional travel in immersive virtual environments (IVE) has been a difficult problem since the beginning of virtual reality (VR), basically due to the difficulty of designing an intuitive, efficient, and precise three degrees of freedom (DOF) interface which can map the user's finite local movements in the real world to a potentially infinite virtual space. Inspired by the Silver Surfer Sci-Fi movie and the popularity of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board interface, a surfboard interface appears to be a good solution to this problem. Based on this idea, I designed and developed a VR Silver Surfer system which allows a user to surf in the sky of an infinite virtual environment, using either an isometric balance board or an elastic tilt board. Although the balance board is the industrial standard of board interface, the tilt board seems to provide the user more intuitive, realistic and enjoyable experiences, without any sacrifice of efficiency or precision. To validate this hypothesis we designed and conducted a user study that compared the two board interfaces in three independent experiments that break the travel procedure into separate DOFs. The results showed that in all experiments, the tilt board was not only as efficient and precise as the balance board, but also more intuitive, realistic and fun. In addition, despite the popularity of the balance board in the game industry, most subjects in the study preferred the tilt board in general, and in fact complained that the balance board could have been the cause of possible motion sickness. "
173

As transformações isométricas no GeoGebra com a motivação etnomatemática

Evangelista, Mitchell Christopher Sombra 27 April 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mitchell Christopher Sombra Evangelista.pdf: 3875607 bytes, checksum: 0ac2ae3a28c5c0d8e2bd66e9455ae4b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-27 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The research described here reports on a qualitative research had the purpose to enable high school students in a public school in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, implement and develop knowledge of mathematical object Isometric Transformations by Rotation, Translation and Reflection. Were used in this research, as motivating factors, the Ethnomatematics with Sona Geometry of African ethnic group called Cokwe and Dynamic Geometry using the software GeoGebra. The methodology, Design Experiment, enabled the improvement of a sequence of activities and created the final product of research. Levels of development psychogenetic Piaget and Garcia (1983), intrafigural, interfigural and transfigural possibility to observe the relationships between students identify geometric figures, their properties and structures. The development of this study revealed, made after the analysis of the protocols of the proposed activities, which supported the GeoGebra and Ethnomatematics favored the learning of Isometric Transformations / A pesquisa aqui descrita relata uma investigação de caráter qualitativo que teve como proposta possibilitar que alunos de Ensino Médio, de uma escola pública estadual da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, aplicassem e desenvolvessem o conhecimento do objeto matemático Transformações Isométricas por meio da Rotação, Translação e Reflexão. Foram utilizados, nesta pesquisa, como elementos motivadores, a Etnomatemática com a Geometria Sona do grupo étnico africano chamado Cokwe e a Geometria Dinâmica com o uso do software GeoGebra. A metodologia utilizada, Design Experiment, possibilitou o aprimoramento de uma sequência de atividades e gerou o produto final da pesquisa. Os níveis de desenvolvimento psicogenéticos de Piaget e Garcia (1983), intrafigural, interfigural e transfigural possibilitaram verificar as relações que os alunos identificam entre as figuras geométricas, suas propriedades e estruturas. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho permitiu concluir, após as análises feitas dos protocolos das atividades propostas, que a Etnomatemática, com apoio do GeoGebra, favoreceu a aprendizagem das Transformações Isométricas
174

Treinamento de força máxima e potência: adaptações neurais, coordenativas e desempenho no salto vertical / Maximum strength and power training: neural adaptation and increases in coordination and performance in vertical jump

Leonardo Lamas Leandro Ribeiro 05 March 2007 (has links)
Força máxima (TF) e potência (TP) são métodos de treinamento considerados distintos, na prática profissional e em diversos designs experimentais. O presente estudo testou a capacidade destes métodos promoverem o aumento do desempenho, assim como a similaridade das adaptações entre os métodos. Trinta e sete sujeitos foram divididos nos grupos: força (TF), potência (TP) e controle (C), sendo submetidos a oito semanas de treinamento nas seguintes zonas: TF (4-10 RM) e TP (30-60% 1RM). Os resultados significantes foram: força dinâmica máxima TF de 145,3 (±17,1) para 178,5 (±18,8) kg, TP de 147,2 (±16,8) para 171,6 (±19,9) kg; pico de força na contração voluntária isométrica máxima (CVIM) TF de 2240,52 (±448,76) para 2651,82 (±700,22) N, TP de 2249,86 (±427,95) para 2674,80 (±507,68) N; salto vertical a partir da posição de semi-agachamento (SJ) TF de 31,35 (±4,63) para 37,18 (±4,74) cm, TP de 34,44 (±3,90) para 39,61 (±4,70) cm. Apenas o TP gerou aumento no salto com contra-movimento (CMJ) de 35,52 (±4,43) para 38,50 (±4,34) cm. Nenhum dos protocolos promoveu o aumento do sinal eletromiográfico, seja na CVIM ou nos saltos. Verificou-se efeito principal para deslocamento do centro de gravidade, torque de joelho e quadril no SJ, assim como para o deslocamento excêntrico no CMJ. Observou-se similaridade entre os grupos em diversas variáveis analisadas, assim como a possível transferência coordenativa do TP para o CMJ. Assim, força máxima e potência parecem constituir estímulos de treinamento equivalentes em muitos aspectos e por isso, os padrões de especificidade atribuídos a ambos devem ser reconsiderados / Strength and power are considered different training methods in promoting neuromuscular adaptations in practice and in several research designs as well. In the present research, the efficacy of these methods in improving performance and resultant neural adaptations in some motor tasks was investigated. Thirty sevens subjects were divided in groups: strength (TF), power (TP) and control (C) and submited to eight weeks of training in different zones: TF (4-10 RM) and TP (30%-60% 1RM). Results that reached significance were the following, pre and pos-test, respectively: Maximum dynamic strength TF:145,3 (±17,1) and 178,5(±18,8), TP:147,2 (±16,8) and 171,6 (±19,9). Peak force in maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) TF: 2240,52 (±448,76) and 2651,82 (±700,22), TP: 2249,86 (±427,95) and 2674,80 (±507,68). Squat jump (SJ) TF: 31,35 (±4,63) and 37,18 (±4,74), TP: 34,44 (±3,90) and 39,61 (±4,70). In countermovement jump (CMJ) only TP improved: 35,52 (±4,43) and 38,50 (±4,34). No method could improve electromiographical signal. A main effect was noticed for center of mass displacement, knee and hip moments in SJ and eccentric displacement in CMJ. Similar results for many parameters analysed could be observed. The results indicate a possible transference from TP to CMJ as well. This way, strength and power can be considered equivalent in promoting performance in many tasks. Therefore, specificity patterns between strength and power should be reconsidered
175

Curvatura extrínseca de órbitas de representações / Extrinsic curvature of orbits of representations

Saturnino, Artur Bicalho 25 May 2017 (has links)
Seja K um grupo de Lie compacto agindo na esfera unitária S&#8319 por isometrias. Mostramos como uma cota superior para as curvaturas principais de uma órbita dessa ação pode ser usada (mas não é suficiente) para encontrar uma cota inferior para o diâmetro do espaço de órbitas S&#8319/K. Em seguida mostramos que existe uma órbita Kp com curvaturas principais majoradas por 4&#8730 14. / Let K be a compact Lie group acting on the unit sphere S&#8319 by isometries. We show how an upper bound on the principal curvatures of one orbit can be used (but is not sufficient) to obtain a lower bound for the diameter of the orbit space S&#8319/K. Then we show that there is an orbit Kp with principal curvatures bounded from above by 4&#8730 14.
176

Acute Effects of Resistance Exercise Intensity in a Depressed HIV Sample: The Exercise for People Who Are Immunocompromised (EPIC) Study

Nosrat, Sanaz January 2018 (has links)
Introduction: In the US, Black/African Americans comprise the largest proportion of People Living with HIV (PLWH). Depressive symptoms and fatigue are highly prevalent among PLWH. Depressive symptoms are linked to progression of HIV disease, and fatigue is linked to severity of depressive symptoms. Resistance exercise is known to have psychological benefits in non-HIV depressed populations, and these benefits are hypothesized to be intensity-dependent. That is, moderate intensity exercise seems to stimulate better psychological outcomes compared to other exercise intensities. To date, no study has examined the acute psychological effects of resistance exercise intensity with depressed PLWH. Purpose: To test the acute effects of resistance exercise intensity on affect, perceived activation, and perceived distress among sedentary Black/African American PLWH who experience depressive symptoms. Methods: Twenty-five men and 17 women ages 24-66 (47.5±11.2) with a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of ≥10 completed a battery of questionnaires and 10-repetition maximum (10-RM) muscular strength tests. Participants were randomized into a moderate intensity resistance exercise group (i.e., 70% of 10-RM), n=21, or vigorous intensity resistance exercise group (i.e., 100% of 10-RM), n=21. Both groups completed 3 sets of 10 repetitions for 5 exercises at the assigned intensity. Exercises include squat, chest press, lat pull-down, dumbbell shoulder press, and dumbbell biceps curl. Affect, perceived activation, and perceived distress were measured with the Feeling Scale, Felt Arousal Scale, and Subjective Units of Distress Scale, respectively. Measures were administered at PRE, MID, POST, at 15-minute DELAY, and at 30-minute DELAY. Changes were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, with Bonferroni adjustments for post-hoc analyses. Results: There were significant Time x Group interactions for affect (F=2.6, p=0.03, η2=0.1), and perceived distress (F=5.5, p<0.01, η2=0.1), and a main effect of Time for perceived activation (F=16.2, p<0.001, η2=0.3). In the moderate intensity group, affect improved PRE to POST (t=3.2, p<0.01, d=0.7), PRE to DELAY 15 (t=4.1, p<0.01, d=0.9), and PRE to DELAY 30 (t=4.1, p<0.001, d=0.7). In addition, perceived distress was reduced from PRE to MID (t=4.2, p<0.001, d=0.9), PRE to POST (t=5.5, p<0.001, d=1.2), PRE to DELAY 15 (t=5.6, p<0.001, d=1.2), and PRE to DELAY 30 (t=6.7, p<0.001, d=1.5). In the vigorous intensity group, affect declined PRE to MID (t=2.9, p<0.01, d=-0.6), while perceived distress improved PRE to DELAY 15 (t=4.8, p<0.001, d=1.0) and PRE to DELAY 30 (t=3.5, p<0.01, d=0.7). Perceived activation increased in both groups similarly PRE to MID (t=5.1, p<0.01, d=1.5), and PRE to POST (t=6.1, p<0.001, d=1.8). Conclusions: Results suggest that an acute bout of moderate intensity resistance exercise is more effective than vigorous intensity resistance exercise in improving affect, increasing energy, and reducing distress in depressed Black/African American PLWH. However, vigorous intensity resistance exercise also appears to have distress-reducing benefits, but this appears to only occur after exercise. These findings should be considered when prescribing exercise for depressive symptom management in this population.
177

Isometrias e congruência : uma investigação no Ensino Fundamental

Brocker, Mosael Juliano January 2016 (has links)
Esta dissertação apresenta uma experiência de abordagem do conceito de congruência de figuras planas, no Ensino Fundamental, por meio de estudo das transformações isométricas. O estudo foi realizado com uma turma de alunos do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública municipal de Parobé, no Rio Grande do Sul. Sob a inspiração do modelo de cooperação investigativa de Ole Skovsmose, foram desenvolvidas atividades de natureza exploratória e investigativa com questões abertas ao diálogo entre os participantes da pesquisa e uso de materiais manipulativos e de um software de geometria dinâmica. As soluções propostas pelos alunos e as discussões realizadas durante o desenvolvimento das atividades foram registradas por meio das produções escritas dos alunos, de gravações em áudio e vídeo e de arquivos elaborados no ambiente do software GeoGebra. As análises desses registros permitiram concluir que os alunos compreenderam o conceito de congruência de figuras planas por meio da exploração e da discussão sobre as transformações isométricas. / This work presents an experience of an approach of the concept of plane figures, in elementary school, through the study of isometric transformations. This study was conducted with a ninth grade group of students of a public elementary school in the city of Parobé, Rio Grande do Sul. Under the inspiration of the investigative cooperation model of Ole Skovsmose, exploratory and investigative nature activities were developed and open questions were proposed in order to establish a dialogue between the participants in the research. The use of manipulative materials and a dynamic geometry software has also been applied. The solutions proposed by the students and the discussion conducted during the activities development were recorded through written papers, audio and video recordings and files created with GeoGebra software environment. Through the analysis of these records, the conclusion was that the students understood the concept of congruence of plane figures through the exploration and the discussion around the isometric transformations.
178

Estudos de contrações isométricas do quadríceps em portadores de Síndrome Dolorosa Femoropatelar - SDFP / Study of quadriceps isometric contractions in subjects with patellofemoral pain - PFP

Danilo Santos Catelli 03 September 2010 (has links)
A Síndrome Dolorosa Femoropatelar (SDFP), possui etiologia multifatorial e acomete cerca de 7 a 15% da população, em sua maioria mulheres, jovens, adultas e ativas. Ela causa dor anterior ou retropatelar e é exacerbada durante gestos motores funcionais, tais como subir e descer escadas ou permanecer longos períodos de tempo sentado, agachado ou ajoelhado. Como a avaliação diagnóstica desta síndrome ainda é indireta, diversos mecanismos e metodologias buscam realizar uma classificação que diferencie os portadores de SDFP com relação aos assintomáticos. Deste modo, o objetivo desse trabalho é estudar as relações entre os sinais eletromiográficos (EMG) do músculo quadríceps em indivíduos com SDFP durante exercícios isométricos distintos (dissipativo e conservativo) em diferentes ângulos da articulação tíbiofemoral, e compará-los com os indivíduos sem SDFP. Foram analisadas a intensidade do sinal EMG (RMS), a frequência mediana (Fmed) e a frequência em 95% (F95) do espectro de potência dos músculos vasto medial oblíquo (VMO), vasto lateral (VL) e reto femoral (RF) para as contrações isométricas dissipativa e conservativa. Participaram deste estudo 24 voluntários do sexo feminino (17 assintomáticos e 7 com SDFP) que realizaram 18 contrações nos ângulos de 90º, 60º e 20º de extensão de joelho, utilizando 30% da carga voluntária máxima. Eletrodos EMG foram posicionados nos referidos músculos para a coleta dos dados, os quais foram posteriormente tratados e processados, possibilitando a análises do sinal EMG nos domínio do tempo e da frequência. Os resultados indicam que o RMS do sinal EMG apresenta-se distinto entre as contrações isométricas para o grupo sintomático e evidenciam que não existe uma relação de intensidade de contração EMG de um músculo comparativamente ao outro quando se altera o gesto motor. A Fmed de VMO e VL podem ser utilizadas como ferramenta na detecção de SDFP, visto que atuam de maneira distinta entre os grupos. A F95 do músculo VMO comporta-se de um modo diferente entre os grupos, sendo que durante a contração isométrica dissipativa em 20º e 60º, seus valores em SDFP foram maiores do que no grupo Controle. Desta maneira, foi possível relatar que é possível diferenciar a SDFP, ou até mesmo detectá-la, utilizando parâmetros EMG de padrões diferentes de contrações isométricas. / The Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) has a multifactorial etiology and affects approximately 7-15% of the population, mostly active young women. PFPS causes retropatellar pain, that is exacerbated during motor functional gestures, such as climbing stairs, sitting, squatting or kneeling for long periods of time. Since the diagnostic evaluation of this syndrome is still indirect, different mechanisms and methodologies seek to achieve a classification able to distinguish patients with PFPS from asymptomatic ones. Thus, the purpose of this study is to find the relationship between the electromyographic (EMG) signals of quadriceps in individuals with and without PFPS during isometric exercises (dissipative and conservative) at different angles of the tibiofemoral joint, to analyze the signal pattern of the control subjects and to compare with the SDFP group. We compared the root means square (RMS) of the EMG signal, median frequency (Fmed) and frequency in 95% of the power spectrum (F95) on the vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) for dissipative and conservative contractions. 24 female volunteers participated in this study (17 asymptomatic patients and 7 with PFPS), who performed 18 contractions at angles of 90º, 60º and 20º of knee extension, using 30% of the maximal voluntary contraction. EMG electrodes were placed on those muscles for data collection, which were further processed using AqDAnalysis software for selection of traits, and MatLab® for processing and analysis of the signal in time and frequency domain. The results indicate that the RMS of EMG signal presents differences among the isometric contractions for the symptomatic group and show that there is a relationship of contraction of a muscle compared to the other when it changes the motor gesture. The Fmed of VMO and VL can be used as a tool in the detection of PFPS, because it acts differently in each group. The F95 of the VMO muscle behaves differently between groups, and during the dissipative isometric contraction at 20º and 60º, their values were higher in PFPS than in the control group. Thus, it was possible to report that it is possible to differentiate the PFPS, or even detect it using EMG parameters of different patterns of isometric contractions
179

Curvatura extrínseca de órbitas de representações / Extrinsic curvature of orbits of representations

Artur Bicalho Saturnino 25 May 2017 (has links)
Seja K um grupo de Lie compacto agindo na esfera unitária S&#8319 por isometrias. Mostramos como uma cota superior para as curvaturas principais de uma órbita dessa ação pode ser usada (mas não é suficiente) para encontrar uma cota inferior para o diâmetro do espaço de órbitas S&#8319/K. Em seguida mostramos que existe uma órbita Kp com curvaturas principais majoradas por 4&#8730 14. / Let K be a compact Lie group acting on the unit sphere S&#8319 by isometries. We show how an upper bound on the principal curvatures of one orbit can be used (but is not sufficient) to obtain a lower bound for the diameter of the orbit space S&#8319/K. Then we show that there is an orbit Kp with principal curvatures bounded from above by 4&#8730 14.
180

Teorema fundamental das imersões e superfícies mínimas em espaços produto / Fundamental theorem of immersions and minimal surfaces in product spaces

Escobosa, Fernando Maia Nardelli 22 February 2017 (has links)
Neste trabalho demonstramos o Teorema Fundamental das Imersões para S^m x R e H^m x R, dando condições necessárias e suficientes para que uma variedade Riemanniana simplesmente conexa seja isometricamente imersa nestes ambientes. Para isto, utilizamos referenciais móveis e distribuições integráveis. Como aplicação do Teorema Fundamental, provamos a existência de uma família a um parâmetro de deformações isométricas mínimas de uma dada superfície mínima em S² x R e H² x R, chamada de família associada. Além disso, relacionamos o problema de encontrar uma imersão isométrica mínima para uma dada superfície Riemanniana simplesmente conexa nestes espaços a um sistema de duas equações diferenciais parciais. Construímos exemplos de superfícies conjugadas em ambos os ambientes e de superfícies admitindo duas imersões mínimas isométricas não associadas em H² x R. / In this work we give a proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Immersions for S^m x R and H^m x R, providing necessary and sufficient conditions for a simply connected Riemannian manifold to be isometrically immersed on this ambient spaces. In order to do this, we use moving frames and integrable distributions. As an application of the Fundamental Theorem, we proof the existence of a one parameter family of minimal isometric deformations of a given minimal surface in S² x R and H² x R, which is called the associated family. Furthermore, we relate the problem of finding an minimal isometric immersion for a given simply connected Riemannian surface in this spaces to a system of two partial differential equations. Also, we construct examples of conjugated surfaces in both ambient spaces and surfaces admitting two non associated minimal isometric immersions in H² x R.

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