This study discusses the effects of the photochemistry of isopropyl alcohol.

This research describes the production of hydrocarbons from acetone and isopropanol produced by the MixAlco process. The MixAlco process has two types of products: acetone and isopropanol. The effect of the temperature, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), type of catalyst, feed composition, and pressure are studied. For the isopropanol reaction, the following conditions were used: HZSM-5 (280), 1 atm, 300–410°C, and 0.5–11.5 h–1, respectively. The temperature and WHSV affect the average carbon number of the reaction products. A product similar to commercial gasoline was obtained at T = 320 °C and WHSV= 1.3 to 2.7 h–1. Also, at these conditions, the amount of light hydrocarbons (C1–C4) is low. For the acetone reaction, the following conditions were used: HZSM-5 with silica alumina ratio (Si/Al) 80 and 280 mol silica/mol alumina, 1–7.8 atm, 305–415°C, 1.3–11.8 h–1, and hydrogen acetone ratio 0–1 mol H2 /mol acetone. The conversion on HZSM-5 (80) was higher than HZSM-5 (280); however, for HZM–5 (80) the production of light hydrocarbons (C1–C4) was more abundant than (280), and it formed less coke. For acetone, the effect of high pressure (P = 7.8 atm) was evaluated. At high pressure, the conversion was lower than at atmospheric pressure. HZSM-5 (280) rapidly deactivated, and the amount of light hydrocarbons (C1–C4) increased. For acetone, co-feeding hydrogen inhibited coke formation and decreased the amount of light hydrocarbons (C1–C4).

Th. 3e cycle--Sci. des matér.--Toulouse--I.N.P., 1982. N°: 134.

No description available.

Au cours des dernières décennies, la fermentation IBE (isopropanol, butanol and éthanol) a connu un regain d'intérêt en vue de la production de carburants ou de composés chimiques à partir de matériaux renouvelables. Dans cette étude, nous avons étudié la production d'IBE avec le producteur naturel Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B593 et avec des souches modifiées de Clostridium. acetobutylicum ATCC 824. En culture discontinue, la souche C. beijerinckii NRRL B593 excrétait 13.2 g/L d'IBE (dont 4,5 g/L d'isopropanol). Afin d'améliorer la production d'IBE, le gène codant pour l'alcool déshydrogénase secondaire (s-Adh) de NRRL B593, ainsi que différentes combinaisons des gènes des enzymes actives de la conversion de l'acétoacétyl-CoA en acétone, c.-à-d. l'acétoacétyl-CoA acétate/butyrate transférase (ctfA et ctfB) et l'acétoacétate décarboxylase (adc), ont été exprimées dans la souche productrice d'ABE (acétone, butanol éthanol), C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Les résultats montrent que la sur-expression des gènes ctfA et ctfB augmentait significativement la productivité et les concentrations finales en IBE tandis que la surexpression du gène adc n'avait qu'un effet limité. Cultivée en discontinu, la meilleure souche, exprimant les gènes adh, ctfA, ctfB et adc a produit 24.4 g/L d'IBE dont 8.8 g/L d'isopropanol avec une productivité de 0.7 g/L h. Cultivée en mode continu à un taux de dilution de 0.1 h-1, la productivité en IBE a été portée à 1.7 g/L h. Puisque le mélange IBE est considéré comme un additif carburant de qualité, les transformants obtenus constituent une avancée réelle vers le développement d'un procédé IBE industriel de production de biocarburants. / Over the past decades, the IBE fermentation (isopropanol, butanol and ethanol) has received a renew interest for the production of fuels or biochemicals from renewable materials. In the present study, we have investigated the IBE fermentation using the natural producer C. beijerinckii NRRL B593 and genetically-modified strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. In batch culture, C. beijerinckii NRRL B593 was found to excrete 13.2 g/L IBE of which 4.5 g/L was isopropanol. To increase IBE production, the gene coding the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (s-Adh) of C beijerinckii NRRL B593 and different combinations of genes coding for enzymes active in acetoacetyl-CoA to acetone conversion i.e. acetoacetate decarboxylase (adc) and acetoacetyl-CoA: acetate/butyrate: CoA transferase subunits A and B (ctfA and ctfB) were expressed in the ABE (acetone, butanol ethanol) producer C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Results showed that the overexpression of the ctfA and ctfB genes significantly increased both speed and extent of the IBE production while the overexpression of the adc gene had only a little effect. In batch culture, the best mutant (expressing adh, ctfA, ctfB and adc) produced 24.4 g/L IBE (of which 8.8 g/L was isopropanol) and displayed an IBE productivity of 0.7 g/L h. Cultivated in continuous mode at the dilution rate of 0.1 h-1, IBE productivity was increased to 1.7 g/L h IBE. As the IBE mix has been considered as a valuable fuel additive, the transformants obtained are a real step forward towards the development of an industrial IBE process for biofuel production.

Une stratégie d’ingénierie du métabolisme de C. acetobutylicum a été développée afin de construire une souche capable de produire de l’isopropanol à partir de sucres en C5, en C6 ou de substrats plus complexes. Dans un premier temps, une souche de C. acetobutylicum a été ingénieriée pour la production d’un mélange isopropanol/butanol/éthanol (IBE), ce microorganisme n’étant pas capable de produire naturellement de l’isopropanol. Différents opérons, exprimant une voie synthétique de production d’isopropanol, ont été construits et introduits à partir d’un plasmide dans une souche chez laquelle la voie de synthèse du butyrate a été supprimée (C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 Δcac15ΔuppΔbuk). La souche la plus performante a été sélectionnée à partir de cultures réalisées en fermenteur, en mode discontinu à pH 5,0 et s’est avérée être celle exprimant la voie de l’isopropanol sous la dépendance du promoteur thl. Une optimisation des paramètres de culture a conduit à la production d’un mélange IBE, à partir de glucose, à une concentration de 21 g.l-1, un rendement de 0,34 g.g-1 et une productivité de 0,8 g.l-1.h-1. La production du mélange IBE à partir de xylose ou de xylane comme unique source de carbone a également été démontrée et permet une production IBE de 10,4 g.l-1 avec un rendement de 0,31 g.g-1 sur xylose et une production IBE de 4,28 g.l-1 avec un rendement de 0,28 g.g-1 sur xylane. Enfin, l’analyse des flux passant par la voie de l’isopropanol a permis d’identifier l’étape limitant la production de ce composé. Cette dernière semble être liée à la concentration en acétate intracellulaire et aux propriétés catalytiques la CoA-transférase, qui possède une faible affinité pour l’acétate. Ainsi, une CoA-transférase synthétique basée sur les caractéristiques de la CoA-transférase AtoAD d’E. coli, qui est décrite comme ayant un Km pour l’acétate plus faible, a été conçue et exprimée dans la souche précédement construite afin de tenter de lever la limitation de la voie de synthèse de l’isopropanol. Dans un deuxième temps, des modifications supplémentaires du métabolisme de C. acetobutylicum ont été effectuée afin de produire de l’isopropanol comme unique produit de fermentation à partir de glucose ou de xylose. Différentes stratégies ont alors été évaluées dans le but de contourner le déséquilibre rédox causé par la délétion des voies parasites consommatrices de carbone. Ainsi, des outils permettant la mesure d’activité hydrogénase, in-vivo et in-vitro, ont été développés pour tester la fonctionnalité de 3 hydrogénases, utilisant la bifurcation d’électrons pour la production d’H2 à partir de NADH et de ferrédoxine. Une deuxième stratégie utilisant les potentialités de la voie des phosphocétolases pour la métabolisation du xylose en acétyl-CoA a été étudiée et des résultats prometteurs ont été obtenus malgré les limitations actuellement rencontrées / First, C. acetobutylicum was metabolically engineered to produce a biofuel consisting of an isopropanol/butanol/ethanol (IBE) mixture. Different synthetic isopropanol operons were constructed and introduced on plasmids in a butyrate minus mutant strain (C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 Δcac15ΔuppΔbuk) in which the butyrate pathway was deleted. The best strain expressing the isopropanol operon from the thl promoter was selected from batch experiments at pH 5.0. By further optimizing the pH of the culture, an IBE mixture with almost no by-products was produced at a titer of 21 g.l-1, a yield of 0.34 g.g-1 and productivity of 0.8 g.l-1.h-1, values never reached before. IBE production was also shown to be efficient using xylose or xylan as the sole carbon source with 10.4 g.l-1 IBE produce at a yield of 0.31 g.g-1 from xylose and 4.28 g.l-1 IBE produce at a yield of 0.28 g.g-1 from xylan. Furthermore, by performing in vivo and in vitro flux analysis of the synthetic isopropanol pathway, this flux was identified to be limited by acetate intracellular concentration and the high Km of CoA-transferase for acetate. A synthetic CoA-transferase based on the AtoAD E. coli characteristics was designed, synthesized and evaluated in vivo. This enzyme, that displays a lower Km for acetate, was found to be a good candidate to alleviate the bottleneck of the isopropanol pathway. Secondly, several strategies were evaluated to redraw C. acetobutylicum metabolism and finally construct a strain able to produce isopropanol as the only fermentation product from glucose or xylose. To overcome the severe redox imbalance caused by homo-isopropanolic fermentation, several strategies were investigated. On the one hand, a new class of electron bifurcating enzyme, the NADH hydrogenases, that can use NADH and ferredoxin to produce H2, were evaluated in C. acetobutylicum. This strategy opens the alternative to produce isopropanol and H2 from glucose without any carbon lost. On the other hand, the use of an alternative catabolic pathway, the phosphocetolase pathway, for xylose utilization and acetyl-CoA production was evaluated. These results allow the identification of the metabolic bottlenecks to overcome to obtain a C. acetobutylicum strain able to produce only isopropanol from xylose at high yield

A determinação de valores de referência de alguns xenobióticos naturalmente existentes no organismo é importante na biomonitorização, para comparação de níveis encontrados na população exposta com os da população de referência. A acetona é um solvente muito popular, utilizado em vários ramos da indústria e em laboratórios químicos. O isopropanol é um solvente largamente utilizado em indústrias, laboratórios e está presente em vários produtos domésticos. Este solvente é biotransformado no organismo humano, tendo como principal metabólito a acetona. A acetona em urina (AcU) é o bioindicador mais usado para avaliar a exposição de trabalhadores expostos a acetona e ao isopropanol. Como também é encontrada em pessoas não expostas ocupacionalmente a estes solventes, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os níveis basais de AcU e a possível influência de fatores individuais nestes níveis. A população de referência foi constituída por 207 indivíduos (91 homens e 116 mulheres, com idades entre 18 e 80 anos). A AcU foi determinada por headspace/cromatografia em fase gasosa/DIC. O método mostrou linearidade de 0,1 a 5,0 mg/L; o limite de detecção e de quantificação de 0,1 mglL; precisão intra-ensaio, entre 4 e 5% e inter ensaio, entre 5,2 e 8,8% (urina sem adição e fortificada com 1,0 e 3,0 mgIL de acetona). Para a população total, os valores de referência encontrados foram: média (&#177;DP) de 1,12 (&#177;0,47) mgIL; mediana de 1,04 mgIL; média geométrica de 1,03 mglL; intervalo de confiança 95% entre 0,98-1,26 mglL e valor superior de referência (média + 2DP) de 2,06 mgIL. Devido ao fato da distribuição dos valores de AcU (mgIL) não ser Gaussiana, optou-se por uma transformação dos valores (Iog AcU) que aproximou os dados da distribuição normal ( W = 0,98532, P < 0,7000). A população selecionada demonstrou ser saudável e adequada ao estudo; o sexo e a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas parecem afetar os teores de acetona urinária, enquanto a idade e o uso de tabaco não mostraram este efeito. / The determination of reference values of some xenobiotics is important for the biomonitoring, to compare the concentration in the exposed and the general population. The acetone is a very popular solvent, that is used in a large number of industries and laboratories. Isopropanol is used in industries, laboratories and cosmetic products. In the human body, this solvent is metabolized and the most important product is acetone. Acetone in urine (AcU) is the most used biomarker to monitore workers exposed to acetone/isopropanol. This substance is also found in non-exposed people, so, the main objective of this work was to verify the basal levels of AcU and if there are some factors that have influence on these levels. 207 volunteers were studied (91 men and 116 women, and the ages between 18-80 years). The AcU was determinated by headspace/gas chromatography/ FID. The method showed linearity between 0.1-5.0 mg/L; limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification of 0.1 mglL; intra-assay precision, between 4 and 5%; inter-assay precision, between 5.2 and 8.8% (urine without addition, and spiked 1.0 and 3.0 mg/L of acetone). In the total population, the reference values obtained were: mean (&#177;SD) 1.12 (&#177; 0.47) mg/L; median 1.04 mg/L; geometric mean 1.03 mg/L; 95% confidence range between 0.98-1.26 mg/L and upper reference value (mean + 2 SD) of 2.06 mg/L. The values distribution wasn\'t \"normal\", therefore, the ,transformation of the values was necessary (109 AcU). Sex and alcohol intake showed significant influence on the concentration of acetone in urine. No interference was verified for smoking or the age of the volunteers.

Óxidos mistos são potencialmente utilizados como catalisadores por apresentarem áreas superficiais específicas elevadas, estabilidade térmica e uma distribuição homogênea dos cátions inseridos na estrutura. Nas últimas décadas tem sido investigado o uso de óxidos metálicos de transição como catalisadores para a oxidação seletiva de alcanos de baixo peso molecular. Atualmente a investigação vem sendo explorada com o uso de vanádio como metal ativo em catalisadores para a produção de parafinas leves. O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar e caracterizar óxidos mistos V-Mg-Al. Para a obtenção dos óxidos, foram preparados, como precursores, compostos tipo hidrotalcita (hidróxidos duplos lamelares, LDHs) de Mg-Al intercalados com V2O7 4-, HV2O7 3- e VO3 -. Os precursores tipo hidrotalcitas oligovanadatos pilarizadas foram sintetizados por dois métodos diferentes, dos quais o primeiro consiste em uma reação de coprecipitação sob pH variável, a partir da mistura das soluções de nitrato de magnésio, nitrato de alumínio e metavanadato de sódio. Por este método foram preparados os compostos LDH-MgAl(V2O7)c, LDHMgAl(HV2O7)c e LDH-MgAl(VO3)c. O segundo método foi o de troca aniônica, pelo qual os íons vanadatos substituem os íons interlamelares de um precursor previamente preparado. O precursor foi sintetizado através da mistura das soluções de nitratos de sódio, magnésio e alumínio, e uma solução de metavanadato de sódio foi utilizada para a troca aniônica. O composto LDH-MgAl(V2O7)t foi obtido através deste método. Os precursores foram caracterizados por XRD e TG/DTG. Os catalisadores de óxidos mistos V-Mg-Al foram então obtidos a partir da decomposição térmica dos LDHs, nas temperaturas de calcinação de 450, 550 e 650°C. Todos os catalisadores foram caracterizados por XRD, adsorção de nitrogênio (área específica e volume de poros), espectroscopia Raman, FTIR, DRS-UV-vis, FE-SEM, TPR, e suas propriedades ácidas e básicas foram avaliadas na reação de decomposição do isopropanol. Diferentes espécies de vanadatos foram identificadas nos óxidos mistos V-Mg-Al, pelas análises de XRD, Raman, FTIR e DRS, como V2O5, Mg3V2O8 e ?-Mg2V2O7, entre outras espécies. Pelos resultados da reação de decomposição do isopropanol, foi verificado que a presença de vanádio nas amostras aumentou a atividade catalítica, devido ao aumento dos sítios ácidos gerados por este composto. As amostras MgAl(HV2O7)Yc e MgAl(VO3)Yc, em geral, foram as mais ativas na decomposição do isopropanol, devido à maior densidade dos sítios ativos de VOx. / Mixed oxides are potentially used as catalysts for presenting a high specific surface area, thermal stability and homogeneous distribution of cations introduced in the structure. In the last decades, has been investigated the use of transition metal oxides as catalysts for selective oxidation of alkanes of low molecular weight. Currently, the investigation has been explored through the use of vanadium as the active metal in catalysts for the production of light paraffins. The objective of this work was to prepare and to characterize V-Mg-Al mixed oxide. To obtain the oxides were prepared, as precursors, hydrotalcite-like compounds (layered double hydroxides, LDHs) of Mg-Al intercalated with V2O7 4-, HV2O7 3- andVO3 -. The precursors like pillared oligovanadate hydrotalcites were synthesized by two different methods, of which the first consists in a coprecipitation reaction under variable pH, from the mixture of magnesium nitrate, aluminum nitrate and sodium metavanadate solutions. The LDH-MgAl(V2O7)c, LDH-MgAl(HV2O7)c e LDHMgAl( VO3)c compounds were prepared by this method. The second method was the anion exchange, whereby the vanadate ions replace the interlayer ions of a previously prepared precursor. The precursor was synthesized by mixing solutions of sodium, magnesium and aluminum nitrates, and a sodium metavanadate solution was used for the anion exchange. The LDH-MgAl(V2O7)t compound was obtained by this method. The precursors were characterized by XRD and TG/DTG. Then the V-Mg-Al mixed oxides catalysts were obtained from the LDHs thermal decomposition, in the calcination temperatures at 450, 550 and 650 °C. All catalysts were characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption (specific surface area and pore volume), Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, UV-vis-DRS, FE-SEM, TPR, and its acidic and basic properties were evaluated in the isopropanol decomposition reaction. Different vanadate species were identified in the V-Mg-Al mixed oxides, by XRD, Raman, FTIR and DRS analysis, as V2O5, and Mg3V2O8 e ?-Mg2V2O7, among other species. By the results of isopropanol decomposition reaction, it was found that the presence of vanadium in the samples increased the catalytic activity due to the increase of acidic sites generated by this compound. MgAl(HV2O7)Yc e MgAl(VO3)Yc samples, in general, were the most active in the isopropanol decomposition, due to the higher density of VOx active sites.

A extração por solvente é o método mais eficiente para recuperação do óleo residual de fibra prensada de palma (FPP), o qual pode conter um teor de carotenoides até oito vezes superior ao encontrado no óleo de palma bruto. Neste contexto, a escolha de potenciais solventes ou misturas de solventes torna-se essencial, pois elas podem resultar no efeito sinérgico de extração de óleo e carotenoides promovendo uma maior recuperação destes compostos de interesse. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou a utilização de misturas binárias de solventes hidrocarbonetos e alcoólicos, a fim de promover a maior recuperação de um óleo de FPP rico em carotenoides. Para tanto, as composições das misturas compostas por hidrocarboneto (hexano, heptano e ciclohexano) e álcoois de cadeia curta (etanol e isopropanol) foram definidas a partir do cálculo da distância soluto-solvente (Ra) entre as misturas de solventes e o soluto &beta;-caroteno. Os experimentos de extração foram conduzidos a 60 ± 2°C em um intervalo de tempo de 5 horas em extrator em batelada, utilizando os solventes hexano, heptano, ciclohexano, etanol e isopropanol e suas respectivas misturas, e a 55 ± 3 °C e um intervalo de tempo de 1 hora e 30 minutos, em coluna empacotada de leito fixo, utilizando hexano, etanol, isopropanol e suas respectivas misturas. Os resultados dos experimentos de extração, em batelada na razão mássica sólido:solvente de 1:7, indicaram que hexano e a mistura compreendida por heptano e isopropanol, extraíram o maior conteúdo de lipídeos, em torno de 80 % (em massa), enquanto que os demais solventes puros e misturas de solventes permitiram a obtenção de rendimentos de extração de óleo em torno de 70 % (em massa). Apesar dos solventes ciclohexano e hexano apresentarem a maior extração de carotenoides, o teor deste componente apresentou-se levemente inferior quando foram utilizadas as misturas binárias de solventes. Os maiores rendimentos de extração de óleo de FPP em coluna, na razão mássica sólido:solvente de 1:4, deram-se com o emprego de etanol e da mistura compreendida por hexano e isopropanol, em torno de 66 % (em massa), porém o conteúdo de carotenoides obtido foi o mesmo, independentemente do solvente ou misturas de solventes empregadas. O perfil de carotenoides analisados por UPLC/MS apresentou elevado conteúdo de &beta;-caroteno extraído majoritariamente por hexano, enquanto que o maior conteúdo de &alpha;-caroteno foi obtido pela mistura de hexano e etanol, por último, etanol extraiu o maior conteúdo de licopeno. Nesta dissertação não foi observado, de forma expressiva, o sinergismo de extração de óleo de FPP rico em carotenoides com o emprego de misturas de solventes definidas a partir da estimativa dos Parâmetros de Solubilidade de Hansen (PSH) e cálculo da Ra. No entanto, é possível inferir os solventes hidrocarbonetos e suas misturas com os álcoois de cadeia curta, etanol e isopropanol, demonstraram boa habilidade em extrair óleo de FPP rico em carotenoides, mantendo sua composição em ácidos graxos e acidez livre relativamente constantes podendo, assim, serem indicados para operações de extração de óleo de FPP. As misturas de solventes empregadas nos experimentos de extração resultaram em considerável rendimento de óleo de FPP, rico em carotenoides totais mostrando que a substituição parcial de solventes hidrocarbonetos por álcoois de cadeia curta é possível. / Solvent extraction is the most efficient method for recovering palm pressed fiber (PPF) residual oil, which may contain up to eight times the carotenoid content of that found in crude palm oil. In this context, the choice of potential solvents or solvent mixtures becomes essential as they may result in the synergistic effect of extracting oil and carotenoids promoting further recovery of these compounds of interest. Thus, the present study aimed at the use of binary mixtures of hydrocarbon and alcoholic solvents, in order to promote the higher recovery of a carotenoid-rich PPF oil. The compositions of the mixtures composed of hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane, and cyclohexane) and short chain alcohols (ethanol and isopropanol) were defined from the calculation of the solute-solvent distance (Ra) between the solvent mixtures and the solute &beta;-carotene. The extraction experiments were conducted at 60 ± 2 °C during 5 hours in a batch extractor, using the hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethanol and isopropanol solvents and their mixtures, and at 55 ± 3 °C and a time interval of 1 hour and 30 minutes in a packed bed column using hexane, ethanol, isopropanol and their mixtures. The results of the batch extraction experiments at the solid: solvent mass ratio of 1:7 indicated that hexane and the mixture comprised of heptane and isopropanol extracted the highest lipid content, around 80 % (by mass), while that the other pure solvents and solvent mixtures allowed to obtain oil extraction yields around 70 % (by mass). Although the solvents cyclohexane and hexane had the highest extraction of carotenoids, the content of this component was slightly lower when the binary solvent mixtures were used. The higher yields of oil extraction of PPF in the column in the solid: solvent mass ratio of 1:4 were given by using ethanol and the mixture comprised of hexane and isopropanol, around 66 % (by mass), but the carotenoids content obtained was the same regardless of the solvent or solvent mixtures employed. The profile of carotenoids analyzed in UPLC/MS showed a high content of &beta;-carotene extracted mainly by hexane, while the highest content of &alpha;-carotene was obtained by the mixture of hexane and ethanol, finally, ethanol extracted the highest content of lycopene. In this dissertation, the synergism of extraction of PPF oil rich in carotenoids was not observed within the use of solvent mixtures defined from the estimation of Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) and calculation of Ra. However, it is possible to infer that the hydrocarbon solvents and their mixtures with the short-chain alcohols, ethanol, and isopropanol, demonstrated good ability to extract of PPF oil rich in carotenoids, maintaining its composition in fatty acids and free acidity constant being indicated for PPF oil extraction operations. The use of the solvent mixtures resulted in a considerable extraction yield of PPF oil, rich in total carotenoids showing that the partial replacement of hydrocarbon solvents by short chain alcohols is possible.

A extração por solvente é o método mais eficiente para recuperação do óleo residual de fibra prensada de palma (FPP), o qual pode conter um teor de carotenoides até oito vezes superior ao encontrado no óleo de palma bruto. Neste contexto, a escolha de potenciais solventes ou misturas de solventes torna-se essencial, pois elas podem resultar no efeito sinérgico de extração de óleo e carotenoides promovendo uma maior recuperação destes compostos de interesse. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou a utilização de misturas binárias de solventes hidrocarbonetos e alcoólicos, a fim de promover a maior recuperação de um óleo de FPP rico em carotenoides. Para tanto, as composições das misturas compostas por hidrocarboneto (hexano, heptano e ciclohexano) e álcoois de cadeia curta (etanol e isopropanol) foram definidas a partir do cálculo da distância soluto-solvente (Ra) entre as misturas de solventes e o soluto &beta;-caroteno. Os experimentos de extração foram conduzidos a 60 ± 2°C em um intervalo de tempo de 5 horas em extrator em batelada, utilizando os solventes hexano, heptano, ciclohexano, etanol e isopropanol e suas respectivas misturas, e a 55 ± 3 °C e um intervalo de tempo de 1 hora e 30 minutos, em coluna empacotada de leito fixo, utilizando hexano, etanol, isopropanol e suas respectivas misturas. Os resultados dos experimentos de extração, em batelada na razão mássica sólido:solvente de 1:7, indicaram que hexano e a mistura compreendida por heptano e isopropanol, extraíram o maior conteúdo de lipídeos, em torno de 80 % (em massa), enquanto que os demais solventes puros e misturas de solventes permitiram a obtenção de rendimentos de extração de óleo em torno de 70 % (em massa). Apesar dos solventes ciclohexano e hexano apresentarem a maior extração de carotenoides, o teor deste componente apresentou-se levemente inferior quando foram utilizadas as misturas binárias de solventes. Os maiores rendimentos de extração de óleo de FPP em coluna, na razão mássica sólido:solvente de 1:4, deram-se com o emprego de etanol e da mistura compreendida por hexano e isopropanol, em torno de 66 % (em massa), porém o conteúdo de carotenoides obtido foi o mesmo, independentemente do solvente ou misturas de solventes empregadas. O perfil de carotenoides analisados por UPLC/MS apresentou elevado conteúdo de &beta;-caroteno extraído majoritariamente por hexano, enquanto que o maior conteúdo de &alpha;-caroteno foi obtido pela mistura de hexano e etanol, por último, etanol extraiu o maior conteúdo de licopeno. Nesta dissertação não foi observado, de forma expressiva, o sinergismo de extração de óleo de FPP rico em carotenoides com o emprego de misturas de solventes definidas a partir da estimativa dos Parâmetros de Solubilidade de Hansen (PSH) e cálculo da Ra. No entanto, é possível inferir os solventes hidrocarbonetos e suas misturas com os álcoois de cadeia curta, etanol e isopropanol, demonstraram boa habilidade em extrair óleo de FPP rico em carotenoides, mantendo sua composição em ácidos graxos e acidez livre relativamente constantes podendo, assim, serem indicados para operações de extração de óleo de FPP. As misturas de solventes empregadas nos experimentos de extração resultaram em considerável rendimento de óleo de FPP, rico em carotenoides totais mostrando que a substituição parcial de solventes hidrocarbonetos por álcoois de cadeia curta é possível. / Solvent extraction is the most efficient method for recovering palm pressed fiber (PPF) residual oil, which may contain up to eight times the carotenoid content of that found in crude palm oil. In this context, the choice of potential solvents or solvent mixtures becomes essential as they may result in the synergistic effect of extracting oil and carotenoids promoting further recovery of these compounds of interest. Thus, the present study aimed at the use of binary mixtures of hydrocarbon and alcoholic solvents, in order to promote the higher recovery of a carotenoid-rich PPF oil. The compositions of the mixtures composed of hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane, and cyclohexane) and short chain alcohols (ethanol and isopropanol) were defined from the calculation of the solute-solvent distance (Ra) between the solvent mixtures and the solute &beta;-carotene. The extraction experiments were conducted at 60 ± 2 °C during 5 hours in a batch extractor, using the hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethanol and isopropanol solvents and their mixtures, and at 55 ± 3 °C and a time interval of 1 hour and 30 minutes in a packed bed column using hexane, ethanol, isopropanol and their mixtures. The results of the batch extraction experiments at the solid: solvent mass ratio of 1:7 indicated that hexane and the mixture comprised of heptane and isopropanol extracted the highest lipid content, around 80 % (by mass), while that the other pure solvents and solvent mixtures allowed to obtain oil extraction yields around 70 % (by mass). Although the solvents cyclohexane and hexane had the highest extraction of carotenoids, the content of this component was slightly lower when the binary solvent mixtures were used. The higher yields of oil extraction of PPF in the column in the solid: solvent mass ratio of 1:4 were given by using ethanol and the mixture comprised of hexane and isopropanol, around 66 % (by mass), but the carotenoids content obtained was the same regardless of the solvent or solvent mixtures employed. The profile of carotenoids analyzed in UPLC/MS showed a high content of &beta;-carotene extracted mainly by hexane, while the highest content of &alpha;-carotene was obtained by the mixture of hexane and ethanol, finally, ethanol extracted the highest content of lycopene. In this dissertation, the synergism of extraction of PPF oil rich in carotenoids was not observed within the use of solvent mixtures defined from the estimation of Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) and calculation of Ra. However, it is possible to infer that the hydrocarbon solvents and their mixtures with the short-chain alcohols, ethanol, and isopropanol, demonstrated good ability to extract of PPF oil rich in carotenoids, maintaining its composition in fatty acids and free acidity constant being indicated for PPF oil extraction operations. The use of the solvent mixtures resulted in a considerable extraction yield of PPF oil, rich in total carotenoids showing that the partial replacement of hydrocarbon solvents by short chain alcohols is possible.