Please note that the structures do not display correctly in the pdf document. Therefore the original manuscript in MSWord has also been uploaded. Please contact us email if you cannot view these files. / Sonogashira cross-coupling of 2-aryl-4-chloro-3-iodoquinoline derivatives with stoichiometric amount of terminal alkynes in the presence of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II)chloride and copper iodide in triethylamine afforded the 3-(alkynyl)-2-aryl-4-chloroquinoline, exclusively. On the other hand, the 2-aryl-4-chloro-3-iodoquinolines with excess (2.5 equiv.) of terminal alkynes in the presence of PdCl2(PPh3)2-CuI catalyst mixture and NEt3 in dioxane-water (3:1 v/v) afforded the 2-aryl-3,4-bis(alkynyl)quinoline derivatives in a one-step operation. Further transformation of the 2-aryl-3-(alkynyl)-4-chloroquinoline via Suzuki cross-coupling reaction with boronic acid derivatives in the presence of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and tricyclohexylphosphine as a ligand in dioxane-water (3:1 v/v) afforded the 2,4-diaryl-3-(alkynyl)quinolines in moderate to high yields. The 2-aryl-3-(alkynyl)-4-chloroquinolines were also transformed to the corresponding 2-aryl-4-(methylamino)-3-(alkynyl)quinoline derivatives using methylamine in ethanol under reflux. / Chemistry / M.Sc.

This work describes the phytochemical study of Hippeastrum solandriflorum(Amaryllidaceae)aiming the isolation and structural elucidation of new bioactive compounds, as well as its pharmacological investigation. The chemical investigation realized with the EtOH extract from bulbs, through chromatographic methods, including HPLC (reverse phase), resulting inthe isolation of ten compounds: a furan derivative: 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde(HS-1), two phenolic derivatives: piscidic acid (HS-2), eucomic acid (HS-3), and seven isoquinoline alkaloids: narciclasin ( HS-4), 2α-hydroxypseudolycorin (HS-5), 10α-hydroxy homolycorin (HS-6), galantamin (HS-7), sanguinin (HS-8),N-oxid galantamin (HS-9) andnarcissidin (HS10). The alkaloids (HS-5) and (HS-6) are being reported for the first time inthe literature, while the other ones have been isolated for the first time in the investigated species. The structures of all isolated compounds were determined based on spectrometricmethods (IR, HRMS, NMR 1H and13Câ1D and 2D), besides comparison with published data. The cytotoxic potential of all alkaloids were evaluated against several tumor cell lines:colon (HCT-116), leukemia (HL-60), ovary (OVCAR-8) and brain (SF-295) showing IC50ranging from 0.01 to 35.7 μM. / Este trabalho descreve o estudo fitoquÃmico de Hippeastrum solandriflorum (Amaryllidaceae) visando o isolamento e elucidaÃÃo estrutural de novos constituintes quÃmicos bioativos, bem como o estudo farmacolÃgico dos compostos obtidos. A investigaÃÃo quÃmica realizada com o extrato etanÃlico dos bulbos, atravÃs de mÃtodos cromatogrÃficos, incluindo CLAE (fase reversa), resultou no isolamento e identificaÃÃo de dez substÃncias, sendo um derivado do furano: 5-(hidroximetil)furan-2-carbaldeido (HS-1), dois derivados fenÃlicos: acido piscidico(HS-2), acido eucÃmico (HS-3) e sete alcaloides isoquinolÃnicos: Narciclasina (HS-4), 2α-hidroxipseudolicorina (HS-5), 10αhidroxi-homolicorina (HS-6), Galantamina (HS-7), Sanguinina (HS-8),N-oxido galantamina (HS-9), Narcissidina (HS-10). Os alcaloides (HS-5)e (HS-6) esta sendo relatado pela primeira vez na literatura e os demais como sendo inÃditos na espÃcie estudada. As substÃncias isoladas tiveram suas estruturas elucidadas por mÃtodos espectromÃtricos (IV, IES-EM e RMN de1H e13C 1D e 2D), alÃm de comparaÃÃo com dados da literatura. O potencial citotÃxicodos alcaloides isolados foi avaliado frente Ãs linhagens decÃlulas tumorais humanas: cÃlon (HCT-116), leucemia (HL-60), ovÃrio (OVCAR-8) e cÃrebro (SF-295) mostrando valores IC50 variando 0,01â35,7 μM.

A brief summary of the use of palladium as a catalyst, the characteristic reactivity of palladium complexes and the commonly used palladium-catalysed cross coupling reactions is given, with a special focus on the palladium-catalysed α-arylation of enolates and its application to the synthesis of aromatic heterocycles. The synthesis of aromatic heterocycles via both traditional methods and more recent metal-catalysed approaches is discussed in the context of isoquinolines. The palladium-catalysed oxidation of dihydrofurans bearing an ortho-bromophenyl group at the 2-position to the corresponding 2-phenyl furans is disclosed along with some preliminary mechanistic investigations. A novel synthetic route to isoquinolines is detailed involving the palladium-catalysed α-arylation of ketone enolates with an appropriate ortho-substituted aryl halide to furnish a protected 1,5-dicarbonyl intermediate. The versatility of these intermediates is demonstrated with their conversion into isoquinolines, isoquinoline N-oxides and naphthols. The scope of the synthetic procedure is fully exemplified across more than 30 different scaffolds covering the full spectrum of electron-rich to electron-deficient moieties. The intermediates were shown to be amenable to functionalisation with electrophiles, leading to isoquinolines bearing additional substitution at the C4 position. Sequential one-pot procedures were developed allowing three and four component couplings to directly deliver highly-substituted isoquinolines from commercially available starting materials. This methodology was utilised in the total synthesis of the natural product berberine in 26% overall yield and a longest linear sequence of six steps.

Adamcová, M.: Study of biological activity of alkaloids isolated from Argemone grandiflora (Papaveraceae) I. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2015. The aim of this study was isolation of substances from total diethyl ether alkaloid extract of Argemone grandiflora Sweet, their identification and assessment of their inhibition activity towards acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and prolyl oligopeptidase. Using common chromatografic methods, four alkaloids were isolated, that was identified as (+)-laudanosine, protopine, (-)-argemonine a (-)-platycerine. These substances was tested for their inhibition activity IC50: (+)-laudanosine (IC50 AChE = 617,00 ± 46,55 μM, IC50 BuChE = 644,77 ± 55,52 μM, IC50 POP = not mesured yet); protopine (IC50 AChE = 229,98 ± 21,02 μM, IC50 BuChE = 208,87 ± 17,67 μM, IC50 POP ˃ 1000 μM); (-)-argemonine (IC50 AChE = 4677,75 ± 1241,08 μM, IC50 BuChE = 885,45 ± 119,50 μM, IC50 POP = 337 ± 83,1 μM); (-)-platycerine (IC50 AChE = 223,65 ± 19,61 μM, IC50 BuChE = 1651,25 ± 327,7 μM, IC50 POP = 687 ± 74 μM). In comparison with the standards galanthamine (IC50 AChE = 1,710 ± 0,065 μM, IC50 BuChE = 42,30 ± 1,30 μM) and huperzine A (IC50 AChE = 0,033 ± 0,001...

Malý, L.: Study of biological activity of alkaloids isolated from Fumaria officinalis L. (Fumariaceae) II. Diploma Thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2014, 49 pp. Obtained diethylether extract of Fumaria officinalis L. was separated to fractions in column chromatography with petrol, chloroform and ethanol. Preparative TLC and crystalisation led to isolation of five alkaloids from fraction. Alkaloids were identified by GC-MS and NMR specters, optical rotation and melting point as protopine, cryptopine, (-)-fumaricine, (+)-fumariline and (+)-parfumidine. Isolated alkaloids were tested for their inhibition activity towards acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase and towards prolyloligopeptidase. Activities were compared with standards. Natural inhibitor galanthamine showed IC50 AChE 1.710 ± 0.065 µM, IC50 BuChE 42.30 ± 1.30 µM. Best inhibition activity showed protopine (IC50 AChE 345.4 ± 24 µM, IC50 BuChE 239.6 ± 22.3 µM) and cryptopine (IC50 AChE 477.71 ± 47.33 µM, IC50 BuChE 270.82 ± 39.12 µM). The highest prolyloligopeptidase inhibition activity showed (+)-parfumidine with IC50 POP 99.2 µM, which was more active than used natural inhibitor baicaline (IC50 POP 605.9 ± 0.021 µM). Synthetic POP...

Kostelník, J.: Study of biological activity of alkaloids isolated from Fumaria officinalis L. (Fumariaceae) I. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague,Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2014, 63 p. The aim of this study was to isolate alkaloids from joined fraction no. 55-67 (A2) obtained from the total alkaloid fraction of extract of Fumaria officinalis L. (Fumariaceae) plant. Using chromatography methods three alkaloids were isolated and then identified by structural analysis (GC-MS, NMR). Three alkaloids were isolated by using common chromagografic methods and then identified by structural analyses optical rotation and melting point as (-)-O- methylfumarophycine, (-)-sinactine a (-)-stylopine. Inhibitory activity of isolated alkaloids was assessed against human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase, human butyrylcholineesterase and prolyl oligopeptidase. The results were expressed as IC50 values ((-)-stylopine: IC50 AChE and IC50 BuChE > 1000 μM, IC50 POP > 1000 mM; (-)-O-methylfumarophycine: IC50 AChE = 963.10 ± 135.98 µM, IC50 BuChE = 1771.0 ± 380.94 µM, IC50 POP - unmeasured; (-)-sinactine IC50 AChE = 632.0 ± 68.12 µM, IC50 BuChE = 8154.3 ± 981.42 µM, IC50 POP = IC50 POP = 52.9 ± 1.8 µM). None of alkaloids isolated showed...

MSc dissertation School of Chemistry Faculty of Science 0004984F / Many azapolycyclic aromatic ring systems, whether they are naturally occurring or synthetically made, display important biological activities. One important class of naturally occurring azapolycyclic aromatic ring systems are the dibenzopyrrocoline alkaloids, which contain an indole ring fused to an isoquinoline moiety, where they share a common nitrogen. The basic skeleton of these alkaloids is the indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline nucleus. Both the dibenzopyrrocoline alkaloids and the indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines have been found to inhibit tubulin polymerization and thus possess antitumour and antileukemic activities. In our laboratories, a variety of indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines, for example 5,12- dimethyl-6-phenylindolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline, have been synthesized using the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction and reaction conditions for the formation of aromatic rings (KOBut in DMF and a light source – developed in our laboratories) as key steps. In this dissertation we discuss the synthesis of (±)-5,6-dihydro-6-phenylindolo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-5-ol and ethyl indolo[2,1- a]isoquinoline-6-carboxylate using these reaction conditions as our key steps. The syntheses commenced with the N-protection of isatin with a benzyl and an ethyl acetate group to afford 1-benzylindoline-2,3-dione and ethyl 2-(2,3- dioxoindolin-1-yl)acetate respectively. The next step was the synthesis of the brominated compounds 1-benzyl-2-bromo-1H-indole and ethyl 2-(2-bromo- 1H-indol-1-yl)acetate by means of a functional group interconversion of the oxygen in the 3-position to two chlorine atoms, followed by hydrodehalogenation, using zinc in AcOH, and then bromination, using POBr3 in CH2Cl2. Having obtained the brominated compounds we went on and coupled them with 2-formylphenylboronic acid using the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction to obtain the coupled products 2-(1-benzyl-1H-indol-2- yl)benzaldehyde and ethyl 2-(2-(2-formylphenyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)acetate in 92 and 77% yield, respectively. Aromatisation of ethyl 2-(2-(2-formylphenyl)-1Hindol- 1-yl)acetate to ethyl indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-6-carboxylate occurred smoothly in 2 minutes using 10 mol % KOBut in DMF at room temperature. Using the same reaction conditions on 2-(1-benzyl-1H-indol-2- yl)benzaldehyde to form 6-phenylindolo-[2,1-a]isoquino-line resulted in (±)- 5,6-dihydro-6-phenylindolo[2,1-a]iso-quinolin-5-ol being obtained in 75% yield (7:3 ratio of anti:syn). An attempt to dehydrate this compound using p-TSA in CH2Cl2 in the presence of molecular sieves was not successful. Time constraints prevented any further attempts at dehydrating (±)-5,6-dihydro-6- phenylindolo[2,1-a]iso-quinolin-5-ol. In conclusion, we managed to synthesize (±)-5,6-dihydro-6-phenylindolo[2,1- a]isoquinolin-5-ol and ethyl indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-6-carboxylate using the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction and specific reaction conditions, using the base KOtBu, for the formation of aromatic rings, both as key steps.

Ausgangspunkte der vorliegenden Arbeit waren stereoselektive Synthesen von Reissert-Verbindungen über chirale N-Acylisochinoliniumsalze. Es galt die Konfiguration der erhaltenen Produkte zu beweisen und deren Synthesepotential zu erforschen. Ein Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, weiterführende Reaktionen für die Synthese von alkaloidanalogen Substanzen zu entwickeln. Es gelang, die Reissert-Reaktion mit Chlorameisensäurementhylester erfolgreich auf andere Heterocyclen als Isochinolin auszudehnen. Die Annahme eine stereoselektiven Verlaufes mußte korrigiert werden. Das Reissert-Produkt konnte mit einer großen Anzahl von Alkylhalogeniden in 1-Position alkyliert werden. Die Cyanogruppe konnte in zwei Verfahren abgewandelt werden. Die Behandlung des Reissert-Produktes und der alkylierten Verbindungen mit Säuren, Halogen und Grignard-Reagenzien führte zu verschiedenen interessanten Cyclisierungen. Es gelang, die Reissert-Reaktion auf elektronenreiche Aromaten und metallorganische Reagenzien als Nucleophile zu erweitern. Es gelang eine asymmetrische C-C-Knüpfung mit Zink-Nucleophilen sowie Grignard-Verbindungen. 4-Bromsubstituierte Mannich-Produkte konnten erfolgreich in einer Suzuki-Kupplung zu 4-arylsubstituierten Isochinolinaddukten umgesetzt werden. Es gelang die Hydrierung der Enamindoppelbindung und die Abspaltung des chiralen Auxiliars auf zwei verschiedenen Wegen. Während Additionsreaktionen an die 1-Position von 2-Menthyloxcarbonylisochinoliniumsalzen im wesentlichen nicht stereoselektiv verliefen, konnte beim Einsatz von geschützten Aminosäurefluoriden als chirale Auxiliare Diastereoselektivitäten bis zu 6:1 erzielt werden. Der Einsatz der elektronenreichen Aromaten als Nucleophile führte zu Mannich-Produkten in guten Ausbeuten. Auch der Einsatz von Grignard-Reagenzien als Nucleophile konnte erfolgreich getestet werden. Hiermit ist die erste stereoselektive Addition von elektronenreichen Aromaten an cyclische Iminiumsalze gelungen. / Starting points of the present work were stereoselective syntheses of Reissert compounds about chiral N-acylisoquinoliniumsalts. It was a matter of proving the configuration of the preserved products and of investigating synthesis potential. A purpose of this work was to develop continuing reactions for the synthesis of alkaloide-analogous substances. One succeeded in expanding the Reissert reaction with menthylchloroformat successfully to other heterocycles than isoquinoline. The acceptance a stereoselective course had to be corrected. The Reissert product could be alkylated with a big number of alkylhalides in 1 position. The Cyanogroup could be modified in two procedures. The treatment of the Reissert product and the alkylated compounds with acids, halogens and Grignard reagents led to different interesting cyclisations. One succeeded in extending the Reissert reaction to electronrich aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds and metal-organic reagents as nucleophiles. An asymmetrical C-C-bondformation with Zink-nucleophiles as well as Grignard compounds succeeded. 4-Bromine-substituted Mannich products could be transformed successfully in a Suzuki coupling to 4-arylsubstituted isoquinolineadducts. The hydrogenation of the enamindoublebond and the splitting off chirale auxiliary on two different ways succeeded. While addition reactions ran to the 1 position of 2-Menthyloxcarbonylisoquinoliniumsalts basically not stereoselectively, could be achieved by the application by protected Aminosäurefluoriden as chirale auxiliaries slide stereo selectivities up to 6:1. The application of the electronrich aromatics as nucleophiles led to Mannich products in good exploiting. Also the application of Grignard reagents as nucleophiles could be tested successfully. Herewith the first stereoselective addition from electronrich aromatics to cyclic iminiumsalts has succeeded.

Ausgangspunkte der vorliegenden Arbeit waren stereoselektive Synthesen von Reissert-analogen N-Acylaminohydroperoxiden über chirale N-Acylisochinoliniumsalze. Edukte waren Isochinolin(derivaten), Menthylchloroformiat und Wasserstoffperoxid. Es galt die Konfiguration der erhaltenen Produkte zu beweisen und deren Sauerstoffübertragungspotential zu erforschen. Ein zweites Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, von bekannten Diketopiperazinhydroperoxiden ebenfalls das Sauerstoffübertragungspotential zu überprüfen, weil sie die gleiche N-Acylaminohydroperoxidstruktur aufweisen aber bisher wenig untersucht wurden. Es gelang durch NMR-Untersuchungen und Vergleich mit ähnlichen Reaktionen die Annahme eines stereoselektiven Verlaufes zu widerlegen. Weiterhin wurde gezeigt, dass anstelle von Hydroperoxiden Peroxide vorliegen. Es konnte eine in situ Methode entwickelt werden, um mit dem vorgegebenen Substanzen unter Zusatz eines Metallkatalysators wie Vanadium(V)triisopropylat und Titan(IV)tetraisopropylat eine Sauerstoffübertragung auf Methylphenylsulfid zu erzielen. In Abhängigkeit der eingesetzen Isochinolinderivate gelang eine kinetische Racematspaltung, so dass eine stereoselektive Sulfoxidation möglich wurde. Das günstigste Ergebnis betrug 51 % Sulfoxid bei 73 % Enantiomerenüberschuss. Mit einem bekannten Diketopiperazinhydroperoxid konnte Methylphenylsulfid direkt in 62 % Sulfoxid mit 32 % Enantiomerenüberschuss überführt werden. Dies sind die ersten erfolgreichen stereoselektiven Sulfoxidationen mit N-Acylaminohydroperoxiden. / Starting points of the present work were stereoselective syntheses of Reissert analogous N-acylaminohydroperoxides derived from chiral N-acylisochinoliniumsalts. Starting materials were isochinoline (and derivates), menthylchloroformiate and hydrogen peroxide. It was a matter of proving the configuration of the preserved products and of investigating the oxygen transfer potential. The second purpose of this work was to check the oxygen transfer potential of known diketopiperazinehydroperoxides likewise because they show the same N-acylaminohydroperoxide structure, however, up to now they were only examined scarcely. One succeeded by NMR investigations and comparison with similar reactions in disproving the acceptance of a stereoselective course. Furthermore it was shown that there are peroxides instead of hydroperoxides. We developed an in situ method to achieve with the given substances under addition of a metal catalyst like vanadium(V)triisopropylate and titanium(IV)tetraisopropylate an oxygen transfer to methylphenylsulfide. In dependence of the used isochinoline derivates a kinetic resolution was observed, so that a stereoselective sulfoxidation became possible. The most favorable result amounted to 51% sulfoxide with 73% enantiomeric excess. With a known diketopiperazinehydroperoxide methylphenylsulfide could be directly transfered into 62% sulfoxide with 32% enantiomeric excess. These are the first successful stereoselective sulfoxidations with chiral N-acylaminohydroperoxides.

Michal, Vojtěch: STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED ALKALOIDS FROM ARGEMONE GRANDIFLORA (PAPAVERACEAE) II. Diploma thesis 2015. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology. Supervisor: PharmDr. Jakub Chlebek, PhD. Key words: Argemone grandiflora Sweet, Papaveraceae, alkaloids, isolation, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, prolyloligopeptidase, Alzheimerʼs disease, in vitro assay. Diethylether alkaloid extract obtained from stem and roots of Argemone grandiflora Sweet was chromatografically analyzed. Using common chromatografic methods, three alkaloids were isolated in clean form. These substances were identified as allocryptopine, (-)-munitagine and (-)-norargemonine by structural analysis (MS, NMR). These obtained alkaloids were tested for their inhibitory activity against human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and human plasma butyrylcholinestrase (BuChE) by Ellman's method. The results were represented as IC50 values (allocryptopine: IC50 AChE = 250,0 ± 2,52 μM, IC50 BuChE = 530 ± 28,2 μM; (-)-munitagine: IC50 AChE = 62,29 ± 5,81 μM, IC50 BuChE = 837,4 ± 23,03 μM; (-)-norargemonine: IC50 AChE = 205,17 ± 11,6 μM, IC50 BuChE = 4158,20 ± 495,78 μM). Inhibition against prolyloligopeptidase was tested for...