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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Emprego de modelos de campo médio para descrição termodinâmica de monocamadas de Langmuir / Thermodynamic description of Langmuir monolayers via mean-field models

Weber da Silva Robazzi 24 August 2007 (has links)
Monocamadas insolúveis localizadas sobre a superfície de um líquido são sistemas conhecidos e estudados há mais de 100 anos. Elas são formadas quando moléculas anfifílicas são depositadas sobre algum solvente em condições especiais. Quando sofrem compressão isotérmica, tais sistemas exibem um comportamento muito complexo podendo sofrer várias transições de fase nesse processo. Embora, com o surgimento na década de 1990 de técnicas experimentais que proporcionaram um maior ?insight? no entendimento das referidas transições, há muitas questões que permanecem em aberto, principalmente no que diz respeito à influência exercida: pelas conformações intramoleculares; pelas interações entre as moléculas anfifílicas; pelas interações entre as moléculas anfifílicas e as moléculas do solvente sobre as referidas transições. Para ajudar a preencher esta lacuna são necessários modelos moleculares que auxiliem a obtenção da resposta destas questões. É neste contexto que se insere este trabalho, onde três diferentes modelos de campo médio são empregados a fim de se descrever o comportamento das transições de fase sofridas pelas monocamadas no que se refere aos aspectos acima mencionados. Cada modelo é diferente no que diz respeito ao comportamento das caudas hidrofóbicas erguidas em direção ao ar. O emprego de tais modelos proporcionou, em linhas gerais, um melhor entendimento das transições de fase nestes sistemas. / Insoluble monolayers lying on a liquid surface are known for about one century. They are formed when amphiphilic molecules are deposited on some solvent under special conditions. Under isothermal compression, these systems may exhibit a complex behavior suffering several phase transitions. Although with recent experimental development on the area new insights on the phase transitions were obtained, many questions remain unanswered. Some of these questions are related with the influence of some variables like the intramolecular conformations and the interaction between the amphiphilic molecules and the solvent molecules. In order to fill this gap molecular models are a useful and valuable tool. So, it was employed three different mean-field models in order to describe phase transitions of the molecules. The difference between the models relies on the behavior of the hydrophobic tails lifted on the air. Such models proportioned some insight on the phase transitions of the system.
12

Estudos de adsorção de ácidos orgânicos visando sua recuperação de meios fermentados / Adsorption studies of organic acids aiming their recovery from fermentation broths

Silva, Alan Henrique da 10 August 2010 (has links)
Orientador: Everson Alves Miranda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T00:24:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AlanHenriqueda_M.pdf: 1835038 bytes, checksum: 8f53d7e3503d526bab0e9fb0f812bd6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Fermentações para a produção de ácidos orgânicos se mostram cada vez mais importantes em química e petroquímica verde, seja devido a uma futura escassez de petróleo (base de produção destas moléculas) ou pelo apelo ambiental. Há alguns anos, estes processos biotecnológicos não eram economicamente viáveis, devido principalmente às etapas de recuperação e purificação das biomoléculas (RPB), sendo estas um forte componente no custo de produção. Seu estudo se torna então de suma importância para reduzir custo e aumentar a viabilidade técnico-econômica destes bioprocessos. A adsorção se mostra uma operação unitária muito estudada, robusta, de fácil escalonamento e operação, o que a torna uma opção atrativa para a RPB de tais ácidos. No entanto, estudos existentes até o momento não são completos necessitando uma maior abrangência para se desenvolver um processo eficiente. Com base neste quadro, este trabalho visou o estudo experimental de adsorção, em carvão ativado e resinas poliméricas de aplicação industrial, de ácidos orgânicos passíveis de produção por via fermentativa e de relevância em petroquímica verde. Isotermas de adsorção dos ácidos acético, propiônico e butírico foram avaliadas para verificar o efeito de temperatura, água, etanol e n-propanol utilizando sistemas monocomponentes e binários. Modelos de isotermas de adsorção foram avaliados quanto ao ajuste aos dados experimentais para ambos os sistemas. Os estudos de adsorção monocomponente mostraram que as resinas têm capacidade de adsorção maior que os carvões (cerca de 35%). A temperatura apresentou efeito pouco significativo na adsorção. Os estudos de adsorção de sistemas binários dos ácidos estudados identificaram que houve competição entre estes na adsorção, onde moléculas de maior cadeia carbônica têm uma maior afinidade pela superfície do adsorvente. Nos estudos de isotermas de adsorção utilizando etanol e propanol como possíveis solventes para dessorção, a resina apresentou altos valores de adsorção, ao contrário dos carvões. Uma simulação dos processos de adsorção e dessorção mostrou que a resina PLA133 apresentou melhores resultados como adsorvente e o propanol como melhor eluente, em um processo de dessorção de três estágios em contra-corrente. No entanto, a recuperação final do ácido, sendo o melhor resultado 70%, pode não ser satisfatória, dependendo da aplicação deste, de forma que ainda pode ser necessário uma melhoria no processo. / Abstract: Fermentations for the production of organic acids are becoming very important in green chemistry due to a future scarcity of oil (base of production of these acids) and environmental protection. A few years ago, these biotechnological processes were not economically viable mainly due to the downstream process (DSP) stages which are a strong component of production costs. The study of these bioprocesses becomes very important to increase their technical and economic feasibility. Adsorption - a widely studied unit operation - is robust and easy to operate, so it is an attractive option for the DSP of organic acids. However, current studies reported in the literature about this subject are not complete and therefore more through integrated studies need to be associated to develop an efficient process. The present work is an experimental study about adsorption of organic acids of relevance in green chemistry. Industrial activated carbons and polymeric resins (weak base resins were used as adsorbents. Equilibrium adsorption studies in single and binary systems of acetic, propionic and butyric acids were carried out to evaluated the effect of temperature and solvents (water, ethanol and n-propanol) on the adsorption. Equilibrium isotherm models were tested to represent the data in single and binary systems. The adsorption studies showed that resins had a higher adsorption capacity than activated carbons (about 35%). Adsorption in single systems was not significantly affected by temperature in the studied range. Data from adsorption of binary systems suggested that there was competition between the acids and the affinity of the acids for the surface is dependent on acids carbon chain size. In studies using ethanol and propanol as desorbents, the resin showed a high adsorption capacity, unlike the activated carbons. A simulation of the adsorption unit operation showed that the resins yielded better results than activated carbons; propanol was the best eluent in a three-stage counter-current desorption process. However, the best acid recovery of 70% may not be satisfactory depending on the application of the acid, so it can be necessary to improve the process for better results. / Mestrado / Mestre em Engenharia Química
13

Ácidos silícicos lamelares intercalados e organofuncionalizados aplicados à sorção e termodinâmica de interação / Intercalated and organofunctionalized lamellar silicic acids applied to sorption and thermodynamic interaction

Pinto, Alane Azevedo 17 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Claudio Airoldi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T02:05:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinto_AlaneAzevedo_D.pdf: 17904137 bytes, checksum: 502a56cd671d10614a5c034a8a3cf22e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Os ácidos silícicos magadeíta, kaneíta, e kanemita, com fórmula geral, Na2O(4-22)SiO2.(5-10)H2O, definem uma classe de compostos com arranjos lamelares distintos, cujas estruturas permitem não somente intercalações, como também reações de imobilização, uma vez que as propriedades físicas dos silicatos incluem uma elevada capacidade na troca de íons, sendo que o sódio pode ser substituído por próton, outros cátions ou íons amônio quaternários. As matrizes lamelares magadeíta, kaneíta e kanemita foram sintetizadas e tiveram a troca do cátion sódio por prótons, a fim de aumentar a reatividade das mesmas para efetivar processos de intercalação e imobilização. As matrizes sódicas também foram intercaladas com o surfactante brometo de cetiltrimetilamônio, CTAB, para expandir suas distâncias basais e permitir a incorporação de moléculas volumosas. Tais matrizes e suas formas modificadas foram utilizadas no processo de sorção de cátions metálicos, em solução aquosa, no qual os dados calorimétricos demonstraram que os processos são favoráveis na sorção, verificados através dos valores das grandezas termodinâmicas. Foram utilizadas, também, no processo de sorção de corantes de solução aquosa e na determinação da quantidade de aminas intercaladas. Os dados experimentais de sorção foram ajustados aos modelos de Langmuir, Freundlich e Temkin, no equilíbrio. As matrizes originais e intercaladas foram, então, caracterizadas pelas técnicas de difração de raios X, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN), termogravimetria e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os dados de raios X confirmaram o sucesso das intercalações, através do aumento das distâncias basais, devido à entrada de moléculas convidadas na cavidade interlamelar. Os espectros de RMN dos núcleos de carbono e silício no estado sólido comprovaram a incorporação dos agentes sililantes nas estruturas dos ácidos silícicos / Abstract: The silicic magadiite, kenyaite and kanemita acids with general formula, Na2O(4-22)SiO2.(5-10)H2O, defines a class of compounds with distint layered arrangements, whose structures permit not only intercalation, as well as immobilization reactions, which physical silicates properties include a high capacity in ion exchange properties, being sodium substituted by proton, other cations or quaternary ammonium ions. The lamellar magadiite, kenyaite and kanemite matrices were synthesized and had the sodium cation exchanged by protons, in order to increase the reactivity to execute the intercalation and immobilization processes. The sodic matrices were intercalated with cetyltrimetylammonium bromide, CTAB, with expansion of their basal distances and also to allow voluminous molecule incorporation. Such matrices and their modified forms had been used in the metallic sorption processes in aqueous solution, in which the calorimetric data demonstrated that these sorptions are favorable, after proving through the thermodynamic data. The same procedure was also used for dye sorption from aqueous solution and the determination of the amount of intercalated amines. The experimental data were adjusted to the Lamgmuir, the Freundlich and the Temkin models at equilibrium. The original and intercalated matrices had been, then, characterized by X-ray difractions, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN), thermogravimetry and scanning electronic microscopy. The Xrays data confirmed the success of the intercalation through the increase of the basal distances, due to the entrance of invited molecule in the interlamelar cavity. The RMN spectra for carbon and silicon nuclei in the solid state demonstrated the incorporation of the silylating agents in the silicic acid structures / Doutorado / Quimica Inorganica
14

Estudo das operações combinadas da desidratação osmotica a vacuo : defumação liquida e secagem em files de bonito (sarda sarda) / Study of the combined operations of the vacuum osmotic dehydration

Vivanco Pezantes, David 13 February 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Miriam Dupas Hubinger / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T14:58:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VivancoPezantes_David_D.pdf: 5009400 bytes, checksum: 9209dcce381309e83df6dfa19aa69001 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Doutorado / Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos
15

Desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Dosagem de Gás (SDG) adequado para calorimetria de adsorção de gases em materiais sólidos / Development of a Gas Dosing System (SDG) suitable for calorimetric : studies of adsorption of gases on solids

Oliveira Junior, Nilton Geraldo de 10 November 2012 (has links)
Orientador: José de Alencar Simoni / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T16:07:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OliveiraJunior_NiltonGeraldode_D.pdf: 4930044 bytes, checksum: 204f1c5204b5f67286a3096436fe5742 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta os aspectos teóricos e práticos do desenvolvimento de um novo Sistema de Dosagem de Gás, denominado SDG, projetado para medir a quantidade de gás adsorvida em materiais sólidos. O SDG é um dispositivo mecânico-eletrônico, de volume fixo, controlado por computador e com geometria adequada para ser inserido dentro do calorímetro comercial LKB 2277, possibilitando o acesso às informações termoquímicas sobre o processo de adsorção em estudo. Os procedimentos experimentais e os detalhes práticos mais importantes sobre o funcionamento do SDG são abordados. Resultados de adsorção de vapor de etanol e vapor de água em sílica gel, bem como de CO2 em carvão ativado, são apresentados e discutidos à luz dos objetivos do projeto; que consistiu na construção e no desenvolvimento do SDG. São apresentados, ainda, aspectos sobre estudos preliminares de adsorção de CO2 que foram realizados em materiais à base de sílica modificados com grupos amina na superfície. O SDG comporta amostras sólidas com valores de massa que podem chegar a até 300 miligramas e operar nas escalas de sensibilidade do microcalorímetro comercial LKB 2277. Devido às características próprias do SDG e do calorímetro comercial, os resultados de entalpia de adsorção gás/sólido experimentais mais confiáveis se originam de dados de variação de pressão com DP acima de 3 mmHg e de efeitos térmicos acima de 100 mJ / Abstract: This work presents the theoretical and the practical aspects of development of a Gas Dosing System (SDG) that was projected for the calorimetric study of gas/solid adsorption. The SDG is a computer controlled electromechanical device that could be inserted into the commercial calorimeter LKB 2277. The experimental procedures and the more important practical details on the operation of the SDG are described here. The results of the adsorption of ethanol vapor, water vapor and gaseous CO2 onto silica gel are herein presented and discussed taking into consideration the goal of the project, that is, the development of the SDG. Here is also presented some initial studies of CO2 adsorption onto carbon nanotubes and silica gel with surface anchored amine groups. In general, the SDG showed be suitable for the use ethanol vapor and CO2 gas but not suitable to water vapor. The diversity of materials that make up the SDG and its own characteristics and unprecedented, lead to restrictions on the uses of certain gases. In the current configuration, the SDG operating logic (device control, and collection and processing of data) is fully established and the equipment is suitable to perform measurements of adsorption of gases on solids, and can be used for gas pressures between 0 and 100 mmHg, with accuracy of 0.1 mmHg. The SDG holds solid samples (adsorbate) of mass values of up to 300 milligrams and operates on scales of sensitivity of the calorimeter LKB 2277. Due to the SDG characteristics, the enthalpies of the gas/solid adsorption are more reliable for pressure variations (DP) greater than 3 mmHg and for thermal effects greater than 100 mJ / Doutorado / Físico-Química / Doutor em Ciências
16

Interação físico-química do herbicida Imazapic em solos cultivados com cana de açúcar na Mata Norte de Pernambuco

SILVA, Fernando Xavier da 26 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-14T13:14:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação FXavier FINAL (Biblioteca).pdf: 2342428 bytes, checksum: 365010253a4800691ade31f06bd296e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T13:14:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação FXavier FINAL (Biblioteca).pdf: 2342428 bytes, checksum: 365010253a4800691ade31f06bd296e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-26 / CAPES / A agricultura moderna dispõe de muitas tecnologias para alcançar grandes produções com elevada produtividade. A cana-de-açúcar se constitui como uma das principais commodity agrícola do Brasil. Diante da problemática dos agrotóxicos no ambiente, objetivou-se estudar o herbicida Imazapic e entender o comportamento da molécula em um ARGISSOLO AMARELO Distrófico (AAd) e um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO AMARELO Distrófico (LVAd), cultivados com cana-de-açúcar da mata Norte do Estado de Pernambuco. Foram realizados ensaios de isotermas de adsorção nas camadas de 020, 20-40 e 40-60 cm. Observou-se que os modelos das isotermas de adsorção que melhor representaram os dados observados foram o ajuste direto de Freundlich e a isoterma Linear, a qual se adequou melhor ao estudo do Imazapic em todas as camadas dos dois solos estudados. A camada de 20-40 cm do LVAd apresentou um desvio de linearidade, com tendência de saturação. O modelo de Langmuir, ajustado na sua forma direta, foi o que melhor se adequou aos dados experimentais para a camada de 0-20 cm do LVAd. O ARGISSOLO AMARELO Distrófico (AAd) e um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO AMARELO Distrófico (LVAd) mostram a presença predominantemente de minerais Cauliníticos nos dois solos estudados, conferindo homogeneidade mineralógica, no entanto, a mineralogia apresentou uma pequena diferença apenas no índice de cristalinidade da Caulinita (Ct). Ambos os solos resultaram em valores distintos de coeficientes de adsorção (Kd, Koc) e elevados índices GUS, conferindo aos dois solos um elevado potencial para a lixiviação do Imazapic, caracterizando-se como fator de risco à contaminação das camadas subsuperficiais. A diferença de adsorção entre os dois solos estudados teve relação direta com os teores de óxidos de Fe, o qual apresentou valores muito maiores no LVAd, resultando em maior interação entre o Imazapic e a fase sólida do solo. / Modern agriculture disposes of many technologies to reach great production with high productivity. The sugar cane constitutes one of the main agricultural commodities of Brazil. In face of the pesticides problem in the environment, it was purposed a study of the herbicide Imazapic to understand the molecule behavior in a Distrophic Yellow Ultisol (AAd) and in a Distrophic Red Yellow Udox (LVAd), cultivated with sugar cane from the North woods of the State of Pernambuco. Adsorption isotherm tests were conducted at 020, 20-40 and 40-60 cm layers. It was observed that the isotherm adsorption models that best represent the examined data were the direct adjustment of Freundlich and the Linear isotherms, which suited better the Imazapic study in all layers of both examined soils. The 20-40 cm layer of the LVAd presented a linearity deviation, with a saturation tendency. Langmuir’s model, adjusted in its direct form, was the one that best adapted to the experimental data for the 0-20 cm layer of the LVAd. The Distrophic Yellow Ultisol (AAd) and the Distrophic Red Yellow Udox (LVAd) reveal a predominant presence of kaolinitic minerals in both soils studied, conferring mineralogical homogeneity, however, the mineralogy presented a slight difference only in the crystallinity of the kaolinite (Ct) ratio. Both soils resulted in distinct values of coefficients of adsorption (Kd, Koc) and elevated levels of GUS, giving both soils a high potential for the leaching of the Imazapic, characterizing it as risk factor to the contamination of the subsurface layers. The different adsorption between the two studied soils had direct relationship with the levels of iron oxides, which presented much higher values in the LVAd, resulting in a higher interaction between the Imazapic and the solid phase of the soil.
17

Equilibrium and Kinetic Batch Studies of Cadmium and Lead sorption using Low Cost Biosorbents

Bakyayita Kizito, Grace January 2014 (has links)
Agricultural wastes; Albizia coriaria, Coffea canephora, Cyperus papyrus, Erythrina abyssinica and Musa spp were evaluated for uptake of aqueous Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions in single- and binary-component solutions. Untreated, base-treated and peroxide-treated biomasses were employed in batch studies. The optimal conditions for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions biosorption were  pH 3.5 – 5 for contact time 3.0 – 3.5 hours and biosorbent dosage 10 – 12.5 g/L. Base-treated biosorbents showed a 10 – 17 %  sorption enhancement for Cd2+ ions and a 1.6 – 2.3 % uptake reduction for Pb2+ ions. The sorption capacities for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions for base-treated biosorbents were between 1.738 and 1.760 mg g-1 compared to 1.415 – 1.539 mg g-1 for untreated materials. The maximum biosorption of peroxide treated materials in single component media was between 0.819 and 1.595 mg/g for Pb2+ ions and between 0.044 and 1.343 mg/g for Cd2+ ions while in binary component media it was between 0.472 and 1.303 mg/g for Pb2+ ions and between 0.008 and 0.195 mg/g for Cd2+ ions. The pseudo-second order kinetic model suitably fitted the Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions biosorption data with regression coefficients (R2); 0.892 – 1.000 for peroxide-treated materials and 0.9784 – 0.9999 for base-treated biosorbents which implied that the biosorption was mainly a chemisorption process. The base treated biosorbents had better sorption performance for Cd2+ ions than peroxide treated materials and untreated biomass whereas the order for Pb2+ ions biosorption was untreated &gt; base treated &gt; peroxide treated materials. All materials showed superior selectivity for Pb2+ ions biosorption in comparison to that of Cd2+ ions in single- and binary-component media. A. coriaria performed best of the base treated biosorbents while C. canephora performed best amongst peroxide treated materials for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions biosorption in single-and binary-component media. In the competitive biosorption, Cd2+ ions showed higher synergistic effects than Pb2+ ions although Pb2+ ions were preferentially sequestered even when the Cd2+:Pb2+ ions ratio was increased through 3:2, 2:1, 3:1 and 5:1. Of the three isotherm models evaluated against the experimental data, the Langmuir model generally fitted the sorption data for both metals. Regression coefficients for the Langmuir model were; 0.983 ≤ R2 ≥ 1.000 for single-component and 0.939 ≤ R2 ≥ 1.000 for binary-component solutions which revealed that the biosorption was potentially monolayer. The biosorption equilibrium coefficient                          values and change in Gibbs’ free energy  values showed that Pb2+ ions biosorption was more thermodynamically favoured than that of Cd2+ ions in single-component and binary-component media. The materials studied displayed potential for use as biosorbents for remediation of aqueous Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions. / <p>QC 20140508</p>
18

STUDYING THE INTERACTION OF ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS (TYPE I AND TYPE III) WITH THE PHOSPHOLIPID MONOLAYERS AT AIR/WATER INTERFACE

ESSAMPALLY, SURESH 27 December 2007 (has links)
No description available.
19

Ion exchange resins an functional fibres :a comparative study for the treatment of brine waste water

Bongani Ndhlovu Yalala January 2009 (has links)
<p>To improve the adsorption capacity of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres, hydrophilic amidoxime fibres were prepared by subsequent conversion of the cyano groups to an amidoxime group by reacting with hydroxylamine at 80&deg / C at an optimum amidoximation time of 2 hrs. The amidoxime fibre was hydrolyzed/alkali treated in a solution of sodium hydroxide to enhance or improve the adsorption properties. This was followed by characterization of the amidoxime and hydrolyzed fibres using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) / Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and exchange capacity (cationic and anionic). SEM showed that the hydrolysis process made the surface of Amidoxime fibre rougher than that of Polyacrylonitrile fibre. FTIR revealed that the hydrolyzed Amidoxime fibres contained conjugated imine (-C=N-) sequences. Functionalization enhanced the sorption of amidoxime fibres by an increase of 20 % in the cationic exchange capacity. This was achieved by the part conversion of the cyano groups into the carboxylic acid groups. The fibres showed faster kinetics largely due the available exchange sites on the surface of the fibres hence the equilibration was achieved much quicker.</p>
20

Ion exchange resins an functional fibres :a comparative study for the treatment of brine waste water

Bongani Ndhlovu Yalala January 2009 (has links)
<p>To improve the adsorption capacity of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres, hydrophilic amidoxime fibres were prepared by subsequent conversion of the cyano groups to an amidoxime group by reacting with hydroxylamine at 80&deg / C at an optimum amidoximation time of 2 hrs. The amidoxime fibre was hydrolyzed/alkali treated in a solution of sodium hydroxide to enhance or improve the adsorption properties. This was followed by characterization of the amidoxime and hydrolyzed fibres using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) / Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and exchange capacity (cationic and anionic). SEM showed that the hydrolysis process made the surface of Amidoxime fibre rougher than that of Polyacrylonitrile fibre. FTIR revealed that the hydrolyzed Amidoxime fibres contained conjugated imine (-C=N-) sequences. Functionalization enhanced the sorption of amidoxime fibres by an increase of 20 % in the cationic exchange capacity. This was achieved by the part conversion of the cyano groups into the carboxylic acid groups. The fibres showed faster kinetics largely due the available exchange sites on the surface of the fibres hence the equilibration was achieved much quicker.</p>

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