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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Obstructive jaundice an experimental study on host defense failure and intestinal bacterial translocation in the rat /

Ding, Jin Wen. January 1993 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1993. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.
42

Polimorfismos genéticos em neonatos hiperbilirrubinêmicos com mais de 35 semanas de idade gestacional

Carvalho, Clarissa Gutierrez January 2009 (has links)
A icterícia neonatal é geralmente benigna, mas desfechos desfavoráveis podem ocorrer e a identificação dos casos de maior risco seria muito útil. Alguns fatores de risco já conhecidos são prematuridade, desidratação, aleitamento materno, deficiência de G6PD e incompatibilidade sanguínea. As alterações na conjugação hepática de bilirrubina devido a polimorfismos da UGT1A1 também podem contribuir para esse maior risco. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a freqüência da deficiência de G6PD e/ou das variantes polimórficas da UGT1A1 como fatores de risco para hiperbilirrubinemia grave em neonatos com mais de 35 semanas de idade gestacional e peso superior a 2000g em uma Unidade Neonatal do Sul do Brasil. Estudo prospectivo, observacional, de casos e controles, que incluiu 243 recémnascidos admitidos para fototerapia no HCPA e 247 controles, entre março e dezembro de 2007. Foi realizada dosagem da atividade da G6PD e análises genético-moleculares do respectivo gene. Foi também realizado PCR para a UGT1A1 com eletroforese capilar em analisador genético ABI 3130xl e análise no programa GeneMapper®. Foram detectados genótipos polimórficos da UGT1A1 em 16% dos pacientes, com prevalência nos ictéricos de 13,5% e nos normais de 18,2%, diferença não significativa. Identificada maior prevalência dos polimorfismos em negros e pardos (25%) em relação aos brancos (13%) (p=0,014). A prevalência da deficiência de G6PD foi 4,6%, sem mostrar correlação com a icterícia. Concluímos que nesta amostra de recém-nascidos do sul do Brasil nem as variantes da UGT1A1, nem a deficiência de G6PD foram associadas à hiperbilirrubinemia grave, com prevalências semelhantes às verificadas em outras populações. Considerando a grande miscigenação presente nessa região, outros fatores e interações gênicas devem ser procurados, incluindo possivelmente o estudo de outros polimorfismos, identificando fatores de risco para explicar a doença, um importante problema de saúde a merecer a atenção dos pesquisadores. / Neonatal jaundice is usually benign, but unfavorable outcomes may happen; therefore, the identification of high-risk cases would be very useful. Some risk factors already known are prematurity, dehydration, breastfeeding, G6PD deficiency and blood incompatibility. Alterations in the hepatic conjugation of bilirubin due to UGT1A1 polymorphisms may also contribute to this higher risk. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of G6PD deficiency and the promoter region of UGT1A1 gene variants as risk factors to severe hyperbilirubinemia in newborns of over 35 weeks of gestational age and weighing above 2,000g in a Neonatal Service in Southern Brazil. This is a prospective and observational study of cases and controls which included 243 newborns admitted for phototherapy at HCPA and 247 controls, between March and December, 2007. G6PD activity was determined and the deficient cases were investigated by genetic analysis. PCR for the UGT1A1 variants was also performed, followed by capillary electrophoresis in genetic analyzer ABI 3130xl and the analysis in GeneMapper® program. Polymorphic genotypes were detected in 16% of the patients, prevalence in icteric patients was 13,5% and in normal individuals was 18,2%, a difference which was not significant. A higher prevalence of polymorphisms in blacks and mulattos (25%) was identified when compared to whites (13%) (p=0,014). A prevalence of 4,6% of G6PD deficiency was found, without association to jaundice. We concluded that in this sample of newborns from the South of Brazil, polymorphic variants of UGT1A1 were not associated to severe hyperbilirubinemia as well as G6PD deficiency; being the prevalence similar to those found in other populations. Considering the high miscegenation that occurs in this area of Brazil, perhaps other factors and genic interactions should be sought in order to identify genetic risk factors, possibly including the study of further polymorphisms, as neonatal jaundice remains an important health problem to be approached by investigators.
43

Polimorfismos genéticos em neonatos hiperbilirrubinêmicos com mais de 35 semanas de idade gestacional

Carvalho, Clarissa Gutierrez January 2009 (has links)
A icterícia neonatal é geralmente benigna, mas desfechos desfavoráveis podem ocorrer e a identificação dos casos de maior risco seria muito útil. Alguns fatores de risco já conhecidos são prematuridade, desidratação, aleitamento materno, deficiência de G6PD e incompatibilidade sanguínea. As alterações na conjugação hepática de bilirrubina devido a polimorfismos da UGT1A1 também podem contribuir para esse maior risco. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a freqüência da deficiência de G6PD e/ou das variantes polimórficas da UGT1A1 como fatores de risco para hiperbilirrubinemia grave em neonatos com mais de 35 semanas de idade gestacional e peso superior a 2000g em uma Unidade Neonatal do Sul do Brasil. Estudo prospectivo, observacional, de casos e controles, que incluiu 243 recémnascidos admitidos para fototerapia no HCPA e 247 controles, entre março e dezembro de 2007. Foi realizada dosagem da atividade da G6PD e análises genético-moleculares do respectivo gene. Foi também realizado PCR para a UGT1A1 com eletroforese capilar em analisador genético ABI 3130xl e análise no programa GeneMapper®. Foram detectados genótipos polimórficos da UGT1A1 em 16% dos pacientes, com prevalência nos ictéricos de 13,5% e nos normais de 18,2%, diferença não significativa. Identificada maior prevalência dos polimorfismos em negros e pardos (25%) em relação aos brancos (13%) (p=0,014). A prevalência da deficiência de G6PD foi 4,6%, sem mostrar correlação com a icterícia. Concluímos que nesta amostra de recém-nascidos do sul do Brasil nem as variantes da UGT1A1, nem a deficiência de G6PD foram associadas à hiperbilirrubinemia grave, com prevalências semelhantes às verificadas em outras populações. Considerando a grande miscigenação presente nessa região, outros fatores e interações gênicas devem ser procurados, incluindo possivelmente o estudo de outros polimorfismos, identificando fatores de risco para explicar a doença, um importante problema de saúde a merecer a atenção dos pesquisadores. / Neonatal jaundice is usually benign, but unfavorable outcomes may happen; therefore, the identification of high-risk cases would be very useful. Some risk factors already known are prematurity, dehydration, breastfeeding, G6PD deficiency and blood incompatibility. Alterations in the hepatic conjugation of bilirubin due to UGT1A1 polymorphisms may also contribute to this higher risk. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of G6PD deficiency and the promoter region of UGT1A1 gene variants as risk factors to severe hyperbilirubinemia in newborns of over 35 weeks of gestational age and weighing above 2,000g in a Neonatal Service in Southern Brazil. This is a prospective and observational study of cases and controls which included 243 newborns admitted for phototherapy at HCPA and 247 controls, between March and December, 2007. G6PD activity was determined and the deficient cases were investigated by genetic analysis. PCR for the UGT1A1 variants was also performed, followed by capillary electrophoresis in genetic analyzer ABI 3130xl and the analysis in GeneMapper® program. Polymorphic genotypes were detected in 16% of the patients, prevalence in icteric patients was 13,5% and in normal individuals was 18,2%, a difference which was not significant. A higher prevalence of polymorphisms in blacks and mulattos (25%) was identified when compared to whites (13%) (p=0,014). A prevalence of 4,6% of G6PD deficiency was found, without association to jaundice. We concluded that in this sample of newborns from the South of Brazil, polymorphic variants of UGT1A1 were not associated to severe hyperbilirubinemia as well as G6PD deficiency; being the prevalence similar to those found in other populations. Considering the high miscegenation that occurs in this area of Brazil, perhaps other factors and genic interactions should be sought in order to identify genetic risk factors, possibly including the study of further polymorphisms, as neonatal jaundice remains an important health problem to be approached by investigators.
44

Estudo e avaliacao da radiometria no tratamento fototerapico da hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal / Study and evaluation of radiometry in phototherapeutic treatment of the neonatal hiperbilirubinemia

CALY, JOSE P. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
45

Molekulární patologie vybraných dědičných hyperbilirubinémií / Molecular pathology of selected inherited hyperbilirubinemias

Šlachtová, Lenka January 2015 (has links)
Inherited hyperbilirubinemias are a group of metabolic disorders, characterized by increased levels of total serum bilirubin or its conjugated fraction. Most of these hyperbilirubinemias are inherited autosomal recessively and are manifested in young age. Increased bilirubin reflects the genetic disturbances in one of the enzymes of heme degradation pathway, the defect of bilirubin conjugation (UGT1A1 gene) or its transport (ABCC2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3). All of these proteins are involved not only in elimination of bilirubin, but various substrates; therefore the performed studies have a great pharmacogenomics impact. We have studied the molecular pathology of hereditary hyperbilirubinemias in Caucasian and Roma population and to compare the clinical and biochemical results with the molecular genetic data. We described the impact of compound defect of c.-3279T>G and g.175492_175493insTA on total serum bilirubin and calculated the linkage disequlibrium of these two variants in promoter region of UGT1A1 gene. We also verified, that the population distribution of both variants is in concordance with the literature. In our second study, we have described the rare conjugated hyperbilirubinemia Dubin-Johnson type among 7 Roma families. We have found a novel variant NG_011798.1:c.[1013_1014delTG] together with...
46

Polimorfismos genéticos em neonatos hiperbilirrubinêmicos com mais de 35 semanas de idade gestacional

Carvalho, Clarissa Gutierrez January 2009 (has links)
A icterícia neonatal é geralmente benigna, mas desfechos desfavoráveis podem ocorrer e a identificação dos casos de maior risco seria muito útil. Alguns fatores de risco já conhecidos são prematuridade, desidratação, aleitamento materno, deficiência de G6PD e incompatibilidade sanguínea. As alterações na conjugação hepática de bilirrubina devido a polimorfismos da UGT1A1 também podem contribuir para esse maior risco. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a freqüência da deficiência de G6PD e/ou das variantes polimórficas da UGT1A1 como fatores de risco para hiperbilirrubinemia grave em neonatos com mais de 35 semanas de idade gestacional e peso superior a 2000g em uma Unidade Neonatal do Sul do Brasil. Estudo prospectivo, observacional, de casos e controles, que incluiu 243 recémnascidos admitidos para fototerapia no HCPA e 247 controles, entre março e dezembro de 2007. Foi realizada dosagem da atividade da G6PD e análises genético-moleculares do respectivo gene. Foi também realizado PCR para a UGT1A1 com eletroforese capilar em analisador genético ABI 3130xl e análise no programa GeneMapper®. Foram detectados genótipos polimórficos da UGT1A1 em 16% dos pacientes, com prevalência nos ictéricos de 13,5% e nos normais de 18,2%, diferença não significativa. Identificada maior prevalência dos polimorfismos em negros e pardos (25%) em relação aos brancos (13%) (p=0,014). A prevalência da deficiência de G6PD foi 4,6%, sem mostrar correlação com a icterícia. Concluímos que nesta amostra de recém-nascidos do sul do Brasil nem as variantes da UGT1A1, nem a deficiência de G6PD foram associadas à hiperbilirrubinemia grave, com prevalências semelhantes às verificadas em outras populações. Considerando a grande miscigenação presente nessa região, outros fatores e interações gênicas devem ser procurados, incluindo possivelmente o estudo de outros polimorfismos, identificando fatores de risco para explicar a doença, um importante problema de saúde a merecer a atenção dos pesquisadores. / Neonatal jaundice is usually benign, but unfavorable outcomes may happen; therefore, the identification of high-risk cases would be very useful. Some risk factors already known are prematurity, dehydration, breastfeeding, G6PD deficiency and blood incompatibility. Alterations in the hepatic conjugation of bilirubin due to UGT1A1 polymorphisms may also contribute to this higher risk. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of G6PD deficiency and the promoter region of UGT1A1 gene variants as risk factors to severe hyperbilirubinemia in newborns of over 35 weeks of gestational age and weighing above 2,000g in a Neonatal Service in Southern Brazil. This is a prospective and observational study of cases and controls which included 243 newborns admitted for phototherapy at HCPA and 247 controls, between March and December, 2007. G6PD activity was determined and the deficient cases were investigated by genetic analysis. PCR for the UGT1A1 variants was also performed, followed by capillary electrophoresis in genetic analyzer ABI 3130xl and the analysis in GeneMapper® program. Polymorphic genotypes were detected in 16% of the patients, prevalence in icteric patients was 13,5% and in normal individuals was 18,2%, a difference which was not significant. A higher prevalence of polymorphisms in blacks and mulattos (25%) was identified when compared to whites (13%) (p=0,014). A prevalence of 4,6% of G6PD deficiency was found, without association to jaundice. We concluded that in this sample of newborns from the South of Brazil, polymorphic variants of UGT1A1 were not associated to severe hyperbilirubinemia as well as G6PD deficiency; being the prevalence similar to those found in other populations. Considering the high miscegenation that occurs in this area of Brazil, perhaps other factors and genic interactions should be sought in order to identify genetic risk factors, possibly including the study of further polymorphisms, as neonatal jaundice remains an important health problem to be approached by investigators.
47

Estudo e avaliacao da radiometria no tratamento fototerapico da hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal / Study and evaluation of radiometry in phototherapeutic treatment of the neonatal hiperbilirubinemia

CALY, JOSE P. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A fototerapia é um procedimento estabelecido há mais de 50 anos no tratamento da icterícia em recém-nascidos. No entanto ainda não há um método padronizado de quantificação da dose fototerápica nos estudos clínicos publicados, dificultando a comparação de estudos prévios sobre a eficácia da fototerapia, bem como o estabelecimento de doses seguras e previsíveis. A dose fototerápica depende, dentre outros fatores, da irradiância média útil entregue pelas unidades fototerápicas. Mas não há procedimentos padronizados tanto na quantificação da irradiância útil ao tratamento, quanto na estimação da irradiância média útil em fontes fototerápicas. Por isso, têm sido relatadas grandes variações nas medições de uma mesma fonte usando os radiômetros disponíveis no mercado, como conseqüência da vasta diversidade de responsividades espectrais dos instrumentos. Um objetivo deste trabalho foi adaptar e aplicar os princípios da radiometria ultravioleta de banda larga na quantificação da irradiância disponível em fontes fototerápicas, estabelecendo procedimentos que permitem comparar irradiâncias medidas em diversas fontes, usando radiômetros com diferentes responsividades espectrais. Outro objetivo foi caracterizar amostras de fontes comumente usadas atualmente, focando o problema da estimação da irradiância média útil em unidades de fototerapia, propondo um método de estimação da irradiância média útil em fontes com foco dirigido. Os resultados experimentais obtidos nos permitem concluir que não somente é necessário padronizar a radiometria fototerápica, como também o método de estimação da irradiância média útil. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
48

Stratification of perioperative risk in patients undergoing major hepato-pancreatico-biliary surgery using cardiopulmonary exercise testing

Junejo, Muneer January 2013 (has links)
Contemporary hepatobiliary surgery practice must accurately assess operative risk in increasingly elderly populations with greater co-morbidity. Current methods fail to identify patients at high risk of postoperative complications. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) derived anaerobic threshold (AT) and ventilatory equivalence of carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) are validated predictors of postoperative outcome in major intra-abdominal surgery and outperform contemporary tools of risk evaluation. Despite evidence of improved in-hospital postoperative survival in large centres offering complex curative hepatobiliary surgery, morbidity remains high and long-term survival in the high-risk subset remains poor. This thesis investigated the role of validated CPET-derived markers in predicting perioperative outcomes for a high-risk hepatobiliary surgery population. It was also utilised to study the impact of malignant obstructive jaundice on peripheral oxygen extraction. In a prospective cohort of high-risk patients undergoing liver resection, an AT of 9.9 ml O2/kg/min predicted in-hospital mortality and long-term survival. Below this threshold, AT was 100% sensitive and 75.9% specific for in-hospital mortality (PPV 19%, NPV 100%). Long-term survival below the threshold of 9.9 was significantly worse when compared to those above (mortality HR 1.81). The VE/VCO2 was the most significant predictor of postoperative complications and a threshold of 34.5 provided 84% specificity and 47% sensitivity (PPV 76%, NPV 60%). Amongst the high-risk pancreaticoduodenectomy patients, VE/VCO2 was the single most predictive marker of in-hospital postoperative mortality with an AUC of 0.850 (p=0.020); a threshold value 41 was 75% sensitive and 94.6% specific (PPV 50%, NPV 98.1%). The VE/VCO2 41 was also the only predictor of poor long-term survival (HR 1.90). Notably, AT, Revised Cardiac Risk Index and Glasgow Prognostic Score did not predict outcome after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Patients with malignant obstructive jaundice, evaluated for peripheral oxygen extraction using CPET, showed lower mean peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) at 63±17.4% of the predicted value. This was noted in absence of any significant pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease and normal respiratory reserve. Normal patterns of oxygen extraction were seen at rest, during incremental work rate and peak exercise levels. Levels of oxygen partial pressure and saturation exceeded baseline values after exercise signifying normal microcirculatory responses. Thus, aerobic capacity was limited by dysfunction in delivery (cardiac output) rather than oxygen extraction. CPET provides useful prognostic adjuncts for early and long-term outcomes in the high-risk patients undergoing major hepatobiliary surgery. These findings provide useful tools for perioperative optimisation of the high-risk patient and plan appropriate level of postoperative care to address mortality and morbidity after surgery.
49

Molekulární patologie vybraných dědičných hyperbilirubinémií / Molecular pathology of selected inherited hyperbilirubinemias

Šlachtová, Lenka January 2015 (has links)
Inherited hyperbilirubinemias are a group of metabolic disorders, characterized by increased levels of total serum bilirubin or its conjugated fraction. Most of these hyperbilirubinemias are inherited autosomal recessively and are manifested in young age. Increased bilirubin reflects the genetic disturbances in one of the enzymes of heme degradation pathway, the defect of bilirubin conjugation (UGT1A1 gene) or its transport (ABCC2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3). All of these proteins are involved not only in elimination of bilirubin, but various substrates; therefore the performed studies have a great pharmacogenomics impact. We have studied the molecular pathology of hereditary hyperbilirubinemias in Caucasian and Roma population and to compare the clinical and biochemical results with the molecular genetic data. We described the impact of compound defect of c.-3279T>G and g.175492_175493insTA on total serum bilirubin and calculated the linkage disequlibrium of these two variants in promoter region of UGT1A1 gene. We also verified, that the population distribution of both variants is in concordance with the literature. In our second study, we have described the rare conjugated hyperbilirubinemia Dubin-Johnson type among 7 Roma families. We have found a novel variant NG_011798.1:c.[1013_1014delTG] together with...
50

Desenvolvimento de membranas luminescentes à base de poli [2-metoxi-5- (2-etil-hexiloxi) -1,4-fenilenevinileno - meh-ppv em matriz de borracha natural : rumo a construção de sensores biocompativeis para o monitoramento de icterícia neonatal /

Braga, Nathália Oliveira January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Aldo Eloizo Job / Resumo: As vantagens do uso de dispositivos ópticos na área das ciências da vida são amplamente exploradas, especialmente para o diagnóstico médico e protocolos de tratamento em uma prática de cuidados de saúde. Além disso, alguns pesquisadores têm atraído muita atenção ao desenvolvimento de materiais biocompatíveis e vestíveis para melhorar a segurança de dispositivos médicos, bem como para estabelecer novos procedimentos para monitorar a resposta de terapia e diagnóstico clínico. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma membrana biocompatível-luminescente não invasiva para reduzir os erros mais comuns relatados em fototerapia convencional de luz azul para icterícia neonatal. Dentre estes erros destacam-se: intensidade de irradiância que chega ao recém-nascido bem como seu posicionamento frente a fonte de radiação e qualidade das lâmpadas dos aparelhos fototerápicos. Neste contexto, a membrana foi confeccionada como um filme de sensor de luz azul, fluorescente e colorimétrico a partir de polímeros: poli [2-metoxi, 5-(2'etilhexyloxy)-pfenilenovileno (MEH-PPV) em uma matriz de borracha natural. Para tal, as membranas de borracha natural (BN) foram obtidas utilizando o látex, extraído das árvores Hevea brasiliensis (clone RRIM 600), por casting, com posterior tratamento térmico em estufa. Em seguida, também por casting, a solução de MEH-PPV/BN, razão igual a 4000, foi depositada na membrana BN para fazer uma camada fina de material luminescente. A membrana de MEH-PPV/BN fo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The advantages of optical devices in the life sciences are widely exploited, especially for medical diagnosis and treatment protocols in a health care practice. In addition, some researchers have attracted much attention to development flexible and biocompatible materials to improve security of medical devices, as well as to establish new procedures for monitoring therapy response and clinical diagnosis. The present paper aims to develop a new noninvasive biocompatible-luminescent membrane to reduce the most common user errors with conventional blue-light phototherapy of neonatal jaundice. The membrane was design based on a polymer-based fluorescent and colorimetric blue-light sensor film. This material was based on poly[2-methoxy,5-(2'etilhexyloxy)-p-fenilenovileno (MEH-PPV) in a natural rubber matrix. Natural rubber membranes (BN) were obtained using latex from Hevea brasiliensis trees (clone RRIM 600) by casting, with the time and temperature of thermal treatment fixed on 65°C for 10h. Then, also by casting, MEH-PPV/NR solution, ratio equal to 4000, was deposited on NR membrane for make thin-layer of luminescent material. The MEH-PPV/NR membrane was submitted to the same conditions used for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia treatment (Blue light phototherapy, 40 µW/m2 /nm, 460nm). The proprieties of membranes were characterized by optical (UV-Vis, PL) and infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confocal microscopy (MC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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