The Beat poet Bob Kaufman was in many ways nearly destroyed by the state. Forcible electroshock therapy, repeated targeting by police, repeated brutalization by police, and frequent homelessness all threatened to snuff him out, but Kaufman refused to give in. He remained a political beacon of hope for his community throughout his life, asking those around him to envision a world where he could be free. Through his poems, through the poems of Etheridge Knight and Jimmy Santiago Baca, and through contemporary visions of abolition from Angela Davis and community organizers that become ever more relevant as the prison system continues to destroy its subjects, we can look towards a deeply necessary shift. Envisioning the world without prisons is foreign to many, perhaps even unimaginable. However, with the perspectives I will incorporate in this thesis, the necessity and beauty of envisioning abolition is clear.

Partant du constat d’une diversification des comportements des personnes incarcérées, ce travail de thèse se propose de modéliser les processus de socialisation se déployant au sein de la configuration carcérale. En effet, au regard des vies qu’ils ont vécues, les prisonniers adoptent des postures et des pratiques inédites. Mais, en réalité, l’ampleur des effets empiriquement observables de ces dynamiques contredit l’espoir de pouvoir décrire ces dernières en abordant de front le phénomène de la diversification. Comment les prisonniers sont-ils socialement amenés à adopter les pratiques qu’ils adoptent ? Embrassant une démarche indistinctement diachronique et indicielle, l’analyse se dote d’un outil sociologique à même de révéler les mouvements agitant la vie des gens en prison : Le recours au religieux. / Based on the premise of a diversification in inmates’ behaviors, this thesis proposes to model socializing processes within a carceral configuration. Indeed, considering the lives they lived, inmates adopt unprecedentedpostures and practices. But, in reality, the extent of empirically observable effects of those dynamics contradicts the hope of being able to describe those latter in addressing the diversification phenomenon head-on. How are prisoners socially brought to adopt the practices they embrace ? Using an approach both diachronic and semiological, this analysis provides itself with a sociological tool able to reveal the motions agitating peoples’ lives in prison: the fallback on religion.

Correctional institutions across the United States continue to experience prisoner sexual assault despite the enactment of the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA). The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the association between jail administrators' difficulty complying with the PREA and their transformational leadership styles. The theories of punctuated equilibrium theory and general strain theory formed the theoretical framework of the study. The data were collected through an Internet-based survey from 22 local and regional jail administrators from the East Coast. Data analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient was performed on leadership scores to test the hypotheses. There were results showed no statistically significant correlations between 5 attributes of transformational leadership styles and PREA compliance. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed; however, this question could not be answered because 2 fundamental assumptions of multiple linear regressions were not satisfied. Social change implications of this study include using the study results to expand leadership development programs that could influence a full range of leadership skills essential for addressing the present and future policies of PREA affecting correctional facilities in the United States.

Job satisfaction among jail correctional officers is important because it ensures the continuity of officers who can promote and maintain a safe environment inside the jail for all staff and inmates. Most job satisfaction studies on correctional officers, however, are focused on prison officers and not county jail officers. The purpose of this correlational study was to test and extend Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene theory by exploring job satisfaction and motivation among jail correctional officers in Miami-Dade Florida. Survey data were collected from 149 correctional officers using Specter's (1994) Job Satisfaction Survey. Data were analyzed through correlational and multiple regression analyses. Findings of the correlation results indicated positive relationships at the .05 level between the motivators and hygiene predictors with job satisfaction. Regression results indicated a statistically significant relationship between the motivators and hygiene predictors with job satisfaction (p = 0.00). The implications for social change include recommendations to jail administrators to provide channels through which their employees can inform them of prevalent issues to aid in increasing job satisfaction. Implementation of this recommendation may improve job satisfaction among jail correctional officers, thereby improving perceptions that the jail correctional officers are appreciated and trusted, increase their sense of self-sufficiency, improve morale problems, and help jail administrators invest in the well-being of current and future jail correctional officers that are needed to maintain the safety and security of correctional facilities.

Researchers have suggested that jails and prisons in the United States are becoming the new mental health clinics, contributing to the phenomenon of mass incarceration and costing upwards of $15 billion per year in public revenue. The problem is no conclusive evidence exists that treatment in these custodial environments is more effective than that provided by noncustodial programs; especially for substance users. Additionally, the continuing incarceration of people with mental health problems by the hundreds of thousands poses a difficult ethical dilemma regarding why this population does not receive noncustodial or hospital treatment instead. The study addressed the research question of whether there is a significant difference in individual patient treatment plan completions that points to differences in the effectiveness of custodial and noncustodial mental and substance use disorder treatment programs. The study was guided by self-determination theory. Archival data reported through the Statewide Maryland Automated Tracking System comparing the number of complete and incomplete treatment plans of 1 custodial (n = 940) and 1 noncustodial (n = 534) mental health treatment program in Maryland, were analyzed using a Pearson's chi-square test of independence .The analysis showed that while custodial treatment plans were more effective, both custodial and noncustodial had high failure rates, and custodial plan success may be limited to the period within custody. This study may impact social change by informing justice policy and lawmakers about the need for continued research to provide effective interventions for substance users that transcends custodial boundaries.

The research reported in this dissertation centers around John Irwin's recent book, The Jail: Managing the Underclass in American Society (1985)', and provides a data informed critique of his study. It examined the records of people booked and incarcerated in jails varying in size and other characteristics in order to evaluate Irwin's conclusions that were made from his study of inmates at one jail in San Francisco County, California. The research portion of this dissertation was a comparative study of six Northwest jails in Multnomah County, Oregon and Skamania County, Washington and the varying characteristics of 1,306 jail prisoners incarcerated in them. Drawing upon inmate records, it was possible to obtain a charge distribution of the population selected for study as well as pertinent findings on other variables of age, gender, race, location, time incarcerated in the six detention locations, and disposition of charges. Most important to this study was the issue of crime severity for which a Statutory Seriousness Scale (SSS) was designed. The scale was based on the revised codes (criminal laws) of Oregon and Washington. Irwin put forth the argument that jails are occupied predominantly by a rabble class of inmates who have committed mostly petty crimes or no crimes at all. He defined the rabble class as those who are detached and disreputable persons who do not fit into conventional society and are irksome and offensive lower class members. It is not so much Irwin's definition of rabble that is at issue, rather, it is his contention that the nation's jails are populated predominantly by persons whose "crime" is that they are "offensive," rather than lawbreakers involved in serious criminal acts. According to Irwin, the primary function of the police is to manage, by various means, this disreputable underclass. The data gathering procedures used by Irwin were not entirely satisfactory, casting doubt on the accuracy of his claims. Accordingly, additional inquiry into jail populations is in order. The data uncovered in the present study suggests that, contrary to Irwin's thesis, many people arrested, booked, and jailed as a result of committing fairly serious crimes. This conclusion was true for the six jails and the 1,306 persons whose records were studied. The research suggests that Irwin's argument is not true for jails everywhere and that jails here do not seem to be filled mainly with persons whose primary problem is their offensive behavior. Instead, jails house a majority who have committed fairly serious acts of lawbreaking.

This thesis presents architectural-urban study using an old jail facility - a major object of the 18th century. Three variants are processed, the first two keep the shape of the old building blocks and give it a new functions with different scenarios. The third variant is more detailed. The proposal consists of the jail original shape - ie. it reveals the square-shaped building with two courtyards. There are two outbuildings demolished and into the resulting space are installed three new buildings, which complement with the existing buildings and completes public space. Two new high-rise buildings, built on the south side, acts as a new landmark and a new building in the north serves to supplement the services appropriate to the locality. Buildings and spaces are linked to the main pedestrian routes, creating a cascade of continuous space - the urban interior.

No description available.

No description available.

Psychologists and other mental health professionals working in correctional institutions bear the considerable responsibility for identifying, diagnosing, and treating mentally disordered inmates. The importance of these responsibilities has been recognized in recent years because of the burgeoning population of inmates in general and the higher numbers of inmates with mental illness in particular. Research has demonstrated that the screens currently used in correctional settings to identify mentally disordered and suicidal inmates are either unvalidated or generally ineffective. This study investigates the validity of different mental health screens in a jail population. Inmates from the Grayson County Jail were administered three screens: the Referral Decision Scale (RDS), Personality Assessment Screener (PAS), and the Mental Disability/Suicide Intake Screen (MDSIS). Criterion measures were the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) for Axis I disorders and the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) for suicidal ideation. Results indicate that each screen most effectively assessed one clinical domain: the RDS for psychosis, the MDSIS for suicidality, and the PAS for depression. Gender differences were observed in screen items most effective for classifying inmates by suicide risk level.