O tema deste trabalho é a hierarquia na sociedade japonesa contemporânea. Partindo de contribuições de autores clássicos como Ruth Benedict e Nakane Chie, a presente tese pretende fornecer uma descrição e análise das relações sociais japonesas. A análise é embasada na teoria da estruturação, principalmente na concepção de consciência discursiva. Para tanto, a família, a escola, as empresas japonesas, a relação sempai-kohai, assim como relações com a classe social e a estratificação são enfocadas. A conclusão é a de que a relação sempai-kohai é a principal referência, e também que a família tem perdido a importância para definição da hierarquia na sociedade Japonesa. / The subject of this work is the hierarchic aspects in contemporary Japanese society. Starting from the contributions of classic authors like Ruth Benedict and Nakane Chie, this thesis aims at providing a description and an analysis of Japanese social relations. The approach is based on structuration theory, laying mainly on the conception of discursive consciousness. For such a purpose, the Japanese family, the school, the enterprise, the relation sempai-kohai, as relations with the concepts of social class and stratification are focused. The conclusion is that the relation sempai-kohai is the major reference and also that the family have lost its importance to the definition of hierarchy in Japan society.

In the 1990s, the bubble of the Japanese miracle economy burst and the country fell into recession. Following this, Japan experienced considerable economic and social transformation, including a reconsideration of its approach to work and employment. Among the consequences of these changes, such as unprecedented mobility in the labour market and an increase in part-time employment, there was a shift in lifestyle values, particularly those of middle class Japanese. In contrast to the traditional Japanese work ethic and company-orientated lifestyle which prized collectivism and self-sacrifice, new lifestyle values were largely centred on attaining an improved life-work balance which was less structured and more ‘Western.’ These new individualised lifestyle values began to be reflected in a new-found interest in leisure, characterised by a shift from group-oriented leisure activities to more individualised and personalised ones. There has been another very significant change of great relevance to this thesis: an increased and unprecedented interest in overseas tourism and migration. This thesis discusses an intriguing new dynamic between the transformation of the economy and the Japanese engagement with tourism and migration. Until the 1990s, due to the guaranteed lifetime employment and the prevalence of seniority systems of Japanese corporations, there was a relatively stable life model among Japan’s middle class. In addition to healthy demand in the domestic labour market and work-dominated lifestyle, stable work opportunities meant this group rarely considered pursuing individual tourism and migration. However, since the 1990s, increasing numbers of young middle class Japanese began to drift from the safe and assured life model and chose to live abroad. This thesis, based on qualitative methodology and in-depth interviews with 31 Japanese migrants to Queensland, is a study of Japanese lifestyle migration to Australia. It draws upon several important topics and theories in contemporary sociology including globalisation, transnationalism, migration and tourism. The complex linkages between these themes are an important characteristic of this thesis and are discussed in the literature review of Chapter 2. The methodological issues of this research are presented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 contextualises lifestyle migration against the background of broader history of Japanese migration to Australia. The chapters that follow examine three key themes pertinent to exploring the interrelationship between social transformation in Japanese society in the 1990s, changing lifestyle values and migration to Australia. Chapter 5 considers the implications of social transformation of Japanese society, specifically focusing on the lifestyle value shifts as push factors in a broad sense. Chapter 6 explores the pull factors and focuses on motivations for migration to Australia. Chapter 7 examines the lives of Japanese lifestyle migrants in Australia and highlights a unique settlement process characterised by the lack of upward social mobility, the absence of geographical concentration of Japanese migrants and the impact this has on the formation of a sustainable ethnic community. Finally, Chapter 8 summarises the argument of this thesis and discusses its contribution to the field of sociology. Possible directions for future research are also outlined.

In the 1990s, the bubble of the Japanese miracle economy burst and the country fell into recession. Following this, Japan experienced considerable economic and social transformation, including a reconsideration of its approach to work and employment. Among the consequences of these changes, such as unprecedented mobility in the labour market and an increase in part-time employment, there was a shift in lifestyle values, particularly those of middle class Japanese. In contrast to the traditional Japanese work ethic and company-orientated lifestyle which prized collectivism and self-sacrifice, new lifestyle values were largely centred on attaining an improved life-work balance which was less structured and more ‘Western.’ These new individualised lifestyle values began to be reflected in a new-found interest in leisure, characterised by a shift from group-oriented leisure activities to more individualised and personalised ones. There has been another very significant change of great relevance to this thesis: an increased and unprecedented interest in overseas tourism and migration. This thesis discusses an intriguing new dynamic between the transformation of the economy and the Japanese engagement with tourism and migration. Until the 1990s, due to the guaranteed lifetime employment and the prevalence of seniority systems of Japanese corporations, there was a relatively stable life model among Japan’s middle class. In addition to healthy demand in the domestic labour market and work-dominated lifestyle, stable work opportunities meant this group rarely considered pursuing individual tourism and migration. However, since the 1990s, increasing numbers of young middle class Japanese began to drift from the safe and assured life model and chose to live abroad. This thesis, based on qualitative methodology and in-depth interviews with 31 Japanese migrants to Queensland, is a study of Japanese lifestyle migration to Australia. It draws upon several important topics and theories in contemporary sociology including globalisation, transnationalism, migration and tourism. The complex linkages between these themes are an important characteristic of this thesis and are discussed in the literature review of Chapter 2. The methodological issues of this research are presented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 contextualises lifestyle migration against the background of broader history of Japanese migration to Australia. The chapters that follow examine three key themes pertinent to exploring the interrelationship between social transformation in Japanese society in the 1990s, changing lifestyle values and migration to Australia. Chapter 5 considers the implications of social transformation of Japanese society, specifically focusing on the lifestyle value shifts as push factors in a broad sense. Chapter 6 explores the pull factors and focuses on motivations for migration to Australia. Chapter 7 examines the lives of Japanese lifestyle migrants in Australia and highlights a unique settlement process characterised by the lack of upward social mobility, the absence of geographical concentration of Japanese migrants and the impact this has on the formation of a sustainable ethnic community. Finally, Chapter 8 summarises the argument of this thesis and discusses its contribution to the field of sociology. Possible directions for future research are also outlined.

In the 1990s, the bubble of the Japanese miracle economy burst and the country fell into recession. Following this, Japan experienced considerable economic and social transformation, including a reconsideration of its approach to work and employment. Among the consequences of these changes, such as unprecedented mobility in the labour market and an increase in part-time employment, there was a shift in lifestyle values, particularly those of middle class Japanese. In contrast to the traditional Japanese work ethic and company-orientated lifestyle which prized collectivism and self-sacrifice, new lifestyle values were largely centred on attaining an improved life-work balance which was less structured and more ‘Western.’ These new individualised lifestyle values began to be reflected in a new-found interest in leisure, characterised by a shift from group-oriented leisure activities to more individualised and personalised ones. There has been another very significant change of great relevance to this thesis: an increased and unprecedented interest in overseas tourism and migration. This thesis discusses an intriguing new dynamic between the transformation of the economy and the Japanese engagement with tourism and migration. Until the 1990s, due to the guaranteed lifetime employment and the prevalence of seniority systems of Japanese corporations, there was a relatively stable life model among Japan’s middle class. In addition to healthy demand in the domestic labour market and work-dominated lifestyle, stable work opportunities meant this group rarely considered pursuing individual tourism and migration. However, since the 1990s, increasing numbers of young middle class Japanese began to drift from the safe and assured life model and chose to live abroad. This thesis, based on qualitative methodology and in-depth interviews with 31 Japanese migrants to Queensland, is a study of Japanese lifestyle migration to Australia. It draws upon several important topics and theories in contemporary sociology including globalisation, transnationalism, migration and tourism. The complex linkages between these themes are an important characteristic of this thesis and are discussed in the literature review of Chapter 2. The methodological issues of this research are presented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 contextualises lifestyle migration against the background of broader history of Japanese migration to Australia. The chapters that follow examine three key themes pertinent to exploring the interrelationship between social transformation in Japanese society in the 1990s, changing lifestyle values and migration to Australia. Chapter 5 considers the implications of social transformation of Japanese society, specifically focusing on the lifestyle value shifts as push factors in a broad sense. Chapter 6 explores the pull factors and focuses on motivations for migration to Australia. Chapter 7 examines the lives of Japanese lifestyle migrants in Australia and highlights a unique settlement process characterised by the lack of upward social mobility, the absence of geographical concentration of Japanese migrants and the impact this has on the formation of a sustainable ethnic community. Finally, Chapter 8 summarises the argument of this thesis and discusses its contribution to the field of sociology. Possible directions for future research are also outlined.

In the 1990s, the bubble of the Japanese miracle economy burst and the country fell into recession. Following this, Japan experienced considerable economic and social transformation, including a reconsideration of its approach to work and employment. Among the consequences of these changes, such as unprecedented mobility in the labour market and an increase in part-time employment, there was a shift in lifestyle values, particularly those of middle class Japanese. In contrast to the traditional Japanese work ethic and company-orientated lifestyle which prized collectivism and self-sacrifice, new lifestyle values were largely centred on attaining an improved life-work balance which was less structured and more ‘Western.’ These new individualised lifestyle values began to be reflected in a new-found interest in leisure, characterised by a shift from group-oriented leisure activities to more individualised and personalised ones. There has been another very significant change of great relevance to this thesis: an increased and unprecedented interest in overseas tourism and migration. This thesis discusses an intriguing new dynamic between the transformation of the economy and the Japanese engagement with tourism and migration. Until the 1990s, due to the guaranteed lifetime employment and the prevalence of seniority systems of Japanese corporations, there was a relatively stable life model among Japan’s middle class. In addition to healthy demand in the domestic labour market and work-dominated lifestyle, stable work opportunities meant this group rarely considered pursuing individual tourism and migration. However, since the 1990s, increasing numbers of young middle class Japanese began to drift from the safe and assured life model and chose to live abroad. This thesis, based on qualitative methodology and in-depth interviews with 31 Japanese migrants to Queensland, is a study of Japanese lifestyle migration to Australia. It draws upon several important topics and theories in contemporary sociology including globalisation, transnationalism, migration and tourism. The complex linkages between these themes are an important characteristic of this thesis and are discussed in the literature review of Chapter 2. The methodological issues of this research are presented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 contextualises lifestyle migration against the background of broader history of Japanese migration to Australia. The chapters that follow examine three key themes pertinent to exploring the interrelationship between social transformation in Japanese society in the 1990s, changing lifestyle values and migration to Australia. Chapter 5 considers the implications of social transformation of Japanese society, specifically focusing on the lifestyle value shifts as push factors in a broad sense. Chapter 6 explores the pull factors and focuses on motivations for migration to Australia. Chapter 7 examines the lives of Japanese lifestyle migrants in Australia and highlights a unique settlement process characterised by the lack of upward social mobility, the absence of geographical concentration of Japanese migrants and the impact this has on the formation of a sustainable ethnic community. Finally, Chapter 8 summarises the argument of this thesis and discusses its contribution to the field of sociology. Possible directions for future research are also outlined.

Depuis la fin de la guerre la société japonaise connaît d’importants changements, le cinéma japonais traitant de son époque est on pourrait dire comme d’autres formes d’expressions artistiques un indicateur des mœurs, des fluctuations de la société, par le regard personnel d’un auteur. Nous verrons dans notre développement dans lequel nous nous arrêterons plus spécialement sur des œuvres « clé » comment par le prisme du personnage du « mauvais garçon », la vision d’un artiste, en l’occurrence un cinéaste prend le plus souvent racine dans une réalité sociale et générationnelle ; et dans le cas du Japon si elle est révélatrice ou non d’une « spécificité » japonaise dans le traitement du récit. Nous avons choisi une approche socio-historique pour notre travail, ainsi les deux parties de cette thèse sont divisées de la sorte : Les diverses formes de représentation des différents groupes de sous culture de la jeunesse japonaise, puis L’évocation de personnages écartés du groupe par ostracisme ou par leur propre volonté. Au cours de la première partie nous étudierons les films dits du Taiyôzoku (la tribu du soleil) tirés des écrits d’Ishihara Shintarô. Puis certains films de la nouvelle vague japonaise, la nouvelle vague dite Shôchiku (du studio du même nom). Dans un deuxième temps nous traiterons des films qui mettent en scène des jeunes appartenant aux sous cultures futenzoku (les hippies) et Bôsôzoku (les gangs de motards). Dans la seconde partie, nous analyserons les films d’Oshima Nagisa et Suzuki Seijun ayant pour sujet des « mauvais garçons ». Nous avons ensuite étudié le yakuza eiga (film de gangsters), plus particulièrement Jingi no hakaba de Fukasaku Kinji réalisé en 1965. Nous terminons notre étude avec l’évocation et les analyses de films des années 1990-2000, ceux d'Iwai shunji, Toyada Toshiaki ou encore Kitano Takeshi. / Since the end of the War, Japanese society has gone through important changes; Japanese cinema dealing with its history is, we could say, as other forms of artistic expression, an indicator of customs, fluctuations in society, through the eyes of an author.We shall see in our development, in which we will focus in particular on «key» works, how, by the means of the «bad boy» character, the vision of an artist, here a film-maker, usually takes root in a social and generational reality, and in the case of Japan, whether it is revealing or not of a specific Japanese narrative process.We have chosen a socio-historical approach to our work, thus the two parts of this thesis can be divided as follows:The various forms of representation of the different groups of Japanese youth sub-culture, and then identifying the characters ruled out by the group, either by ostracism or by their own will.First, we shall study the so-called Taiyôzoku (tribe of the sun) films, based on Ishihara Shintarô’s written works. Next, some Japanese new wave films, notably of Shôchiku genre (from the studio of the same name). Then we shall deal with films featuring young people from Futenzoku (hippies) and Bôsôzoku (biker gangs) sub-cultures.In the second part, we shall study Oshima Nagisa and Suzuki Seijun films profiling «bad boys». To end, we have studied the yakuza eiga (ganster films), in particular Jingi no hakaba (Graveyard of Honor) directed by Fukasaku Kinji in 1965.We conclude our research by reviewing and analysing 1990-2000 films, those of Iwai Shunji, Toyada Toshiaki or Kitano Takeshi.

No description available.

The images of Japanese women in the Japanese contemporary literature (1935-1975) — Short-stories crowned with the Akutagawa Prize Japanese women carry with them the myth to be Japanese. But is it a reality? How were their lives before the Second World War, after it and during the economic growth until 1975? Were they unhappy submitted to this myth? I try to present the contemporary history of Japanese women through a research on the short-stories crowned with the Akutagawa Prize from 1935 to 1975. These short-stories are autobiographic, journalistic or documentary, and they are a true reflection of their time. Also, the female characters give witness of Japanese women’s lives in each period through literature, that is the most active, direct, touching and understandable form for the reader. Thus, I intend to contribute to a larger understanding of the Japanese society and culture. The first chapter is devoted to the period of war between 1935 and 1945. And the second chapter is about the period of rapid economic upturn, starting with the ruins and famine of the post-war years from 1945 to 1955. Indeed, the post-war years end in 1955 in Japan. Then, the third chapter is about the dazzling economic growth between 1955 and 1970. And finally in the fourth chapter, during the period going from 1970 to 1975, most Japanese people think they are now out of misery, being part of the middle class and happy about the situation. In total, I examine 57 short-stories : 18 in the first chapter, 10 in the second chapter, 21 in the third chapter, and 8 in the fourth chapter. Also, there are 112 female characters to analyse in all : 41 in the fist chapter, 18 in the second chapter, 33 in the third chapter and 20 in the fourth chapter. Through the evolution and changes along this period of time, the lives of our heroines change too. First, they are kept under the strict respect of social rules. And during the war, they suffer from poverty and misery. Then, the time comes for the share of tasks between women and men. From then on, women take mostly care of their homes. Besides, let us note that the importance of the education of girls is continuously stressed, even if the main aim is to make them “good wives and good mothers”. Finally, Japanese women’s morale stays intact during the period chosen for our research. A significant change seems to happen thereafter. / Images de femmes dans la littérature japonaise contemporaine (1935-1975) — cas des nouvelles couronnées par le prix Akutagawa Les Japonaises portent en elles le mythe de la Japonaise. Mais est-ce une réalité ? Quelle était leur vie pendant la période de l’avant-guerre, de l’après-guerre et de la croissance économique jusqu’en 1975 ? Étaient-elles malheureuses en étant soumises à ce mythe ? Nous avons tenté de transcrire l’histoire contemporaine des Japonaises à travers une recherche sur les nouvelles couronnées par le prix Akutagawa entre 1935 et 1975. Les œuvres sont autobiographiques, journalistiques ou documentaires, ancrées dans chaque époque et leurs personnages féminins témoignent des vies des Japonaises de leur temps sous forme littéraire, c’est-à-dire la forme la plus active, la plus directe, la plus touchante et la plus compréhensive pour le lecteur. Ainsi contribuons-nous à la compréhension de la société et de la culture japonaises. Le premier chapitre est consacré à la période de la guerre entre 1935 et 1945. Le deuxième chapitre concerne l’époque de la remontée économique rapide, partant des ruines et de la famine de l’après-guerre entre 1945 et 1955. En effet, 1955 marque la fin de l’après-guerre au Japon. Le troisième chapitre porte sur l’époque de la croissance économique fleurissante entre 1955 et 1970. Et le dernier et quatrième chapitre parcourt la période entre 1970 et 1975. C’est la période où quasiment tous les Japonais se croient sortis de la misère, ils se considèrent appartenir à la classe moyenne et ils s’en réjouissent. Quant au nombre de nouvelles, nous analysons en tout cinquante-sept nouvelles : dix-huit œuvres dans le premier chapitre, dix dans le deuxième, vingt-et-une dans le troisième et huit dans le quatrième. Et nous comptons au total cent-douze personnages féminins à étudier, soit quarante-et-un dans le premier chapitre, dix-huit dans le deuxième, trente-trois dans le troisième et vingt dans le quatrième. À travers l'évolution et les bouleversements dans le temps, les vies de nos héroïnes se modifient. D’abord, elles vivent dans la stricte obéissance de la règle sociale. Ensuite, elles tombent dans la pauvreté et la misère à cause de la guerre. Et puis arrive le temps du partage des tâches entre les hommes et les femmes et ces dernières se retirent presque complètement dans leur foyer. Néanmoins, l’éducation des filles est renforcée régulièrement, même si la raison principale est d'en faire de « bonnes épouses et bonnes mères ». Nous remarquons que la morale des Japonaises ne se transforme pas pendant la période concernée par notre recherche. Un changement significatif semble intervenir par la suite.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karen Pinho Moriya.pdf: 25944621 bytes, checksum: d482bd27efc41ad887d4ee306103cc19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work has as its object of analysis the manga japanese comics comic book titled Kozure Ookami, in its literal translation, The Wolf with his Cub, by Kazuo Koike and Goseki Kojima, created and published in Japan from 1970 to 1976. The goal of this study was the search for an understanding of the process of penetration and acting that manga does in society and how they are problematizadas different dimensions and social practices, as well as the subject, their collisions and clashes that permeate the narratives and social roles that these represent these. The choice of this manga as source search gave for its uniqueness and richness as a narrative, offering a infinity of possibilities for historical study. Extends the basic comics, this research was to identify and highlight social practices, collisions, aspirations, values and sensitivities that are present in the worldview of Koike and Kojima, while historical subjects who experience their experiences, inserted within the social fabricin a dialogicidade relationship with his own time and everyday life. Contrasting with the font used, the analysis was conducted using various documents, and can thus capture stays, ruptures and resistance that were present in Japanese society of post-World War II, characterized by large-scale process of capitalist development / Este trabalho tem como objeto de análise o mangá revista em quadrinhos japonesa intitulado Kozure Ookami, em sua tradução literal, O Lobo Acompanhado de seu Filhote, de autoria de Kazuo Koike e Goseki Kojima, criado e publicado no Japão, de 1970 a 1976. O objetivo deste estudo foi a busca por um entendimento sobre o processo de penetração e atuação que o mangá realiza na sociedade e como são problematizadas as diferentes dimensões e práticas sociais presentes, assim como os sujeitos, seus embates e os enfrentamentos que permeiam as narrativas e os papéis sociais que estes representam nestas. A escolha deste mangá como fonte de pesquisa se deu por sua singularidade e riqueza como veículo narrativo, oferecendo uma infinidade de possibilidades para o estudo histórico. Partindo dos quadrinhos base desta pesquisa, foi possível identificar e evidenciar práticas sociais diversas, embates, anseios, valores e sensibilidades que estão presentes na visão de mundo de Koike e Kojima, enquanto sujeitos históricos que vivenciam suas experiências, inseridos dentro do tecido social, numa relação de dialogicidade com sua própria época e cotidiano. Contrapondo com a fonte utilizada, a análise foi realizada utilizando documentos diversos, sendo possível assim, captar permanências, rupturas e resistências que estavam presentes na sociedade japonesa do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, caracterizada pelo processo em larga escala de desenvolvimento capitalista

The thesis submitted deals with the topic of marriages in Interwar Japan through an analysis of the women's magazines (fujin zasshi) issued between 1920-1941. The women's role change brought about a gradual shift from a traditional ie-family structure to a new type of a partially atomized two-generation family. Consequently, the roles of man and women in a family have been revised since then. In relation to the modern thoughts incoming from the West, the Japanese started to perceive new ways of getting married, such as the liberal marriage (jiyū kekkon) or the love marriage (ren'ai kekkon), which have broken the old conventions of the traditional go-between marriage (miai kekkon). The purpose of this study is to show the views and opinions of men and women on marriage, establishing the family, spouse relationships, etc. by analyzing the women's magazines and to ansewer the reasearch questions. The analysis is based not only on the regular magazine articles, but also on the editorial interviews (zadankai) and counseling columns (mi no ue sōdan). At first, I introduce the women's magazines, their brief history, purpose and characteristic features. The following chapter discusses the historical background of the women's position from the social point of view, rather than political, and then mentions...