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41	In the Tall Grass West of Town: Racial Violence in Denton County during the Rise of the Second Ku Klux Klan Crittenden, Micah Carlson 05 1900 (has links) The aim of this thesis is to narrate and analyze lynching and atypical violence in Denton County, Texas, between 1920 and 1926. Through this intensive study of a rural county in north Texas, the role of law enforcement in typical and systemic violence is observed and the relationship between Denton County Officials and the Ku Klux Klan is analyzed. Chapter 1 discusses the root of the word lynching and submits a call for academic attention to violence that is unable to be categorized as lynching due to its restrictive definition. Chapter 2 chronicles known instances of lynching in Denton County from its founding through the 1920s including two lynchings perpetrated by Klavern 136, the Denton County Klan. Chapter 3 examines the relationship between Denton County Law Enforcement and the Klan. In Chapter 4, seasons of violence are identified and applied to available historical records. Chapter 5 concludes that non-lynching violence, termed "disappearances," occurred and argues on behalf of its inclusion within the historiography of Jim Crow Era criminal actions against Black Americans. In the Prologue and Epilogue, the development and dissolution of the St. John's Community in Pilot Point, Texas, is narrated. Denton County Denton County History North Texas Texas History Jim Crow Era Lynching Black History St. John's Community Pilot Point, TX Denton, TX Disappearance Atypical Violence Systemic Violence Ku Klux Klan Klavern 136 KKK Freedmen's Communities History, United States History, Black
42	Agency, Consolidation, and Consequence: Evaluating Social and Political Change in New Orleans, 1868-1900 Cook, Christopher Joseph 01 January 2012 (has links) In the last twenty years, recent scholarship has opened up fresh inquiry into several aspects of New Orleans society during the late nineteenth century. Much work has been done to reassess the political and cultural involvement, as well as perspective of, the black Creoles of the city; the successful reordering of society under the direction of the Anglo-Protestant elite; and the evolution of New Orleans's social conditions and cultural institutions during the period initiating Jim Crow segregation. Further exploration, however, is necessary to make connections between each of these avenues of study. This thesis relies on a variety of secondary sources, primary legal documents, and contemporary newspaper articles and publications, to provide connections between the above topics, giving each greater context and allowing for the exploration of several themes. These include the direction of black Creole public ambition after the end of that community's last civil rights crusade, the effects of Democratic Party strategy and the Lost Cause of the Confederacy movement on younger generations of white residents, and the effects of changing social expectations and increasing segregation on the city's diverse ethnic immigrant community. In doing so, this thesis will contribute to enhancing the current understanding of New Orleans's complex and changing social order, as well as provide future researchers with a broad based work which will effectively introduce the exploration of a variety of key topics and serve as a bridge to connect them with specific lines of inquiry while highlighting the above themes in order to make new connections between various facets of the city's troubled racial history. Jim Crow Black Creoles Segregation Redemption
43	Unity, Justice and Protection: The Colored Trainmen of America's Struggle to End Jim Crow in the American Railroad Industry [and Elsewhere] James, Ervin 2012 August 1900 (has links) The Colored Trainmen of America (CTA) actively challenged Jim Crow policies on the job and in the public sphere between the 1930s and 1950s. In response to lingering questions concerning the relationship between early black labor activism and civil rights protest, this study goes beyond both local lure and cursory research. This study examines the Colored Trainmen's major contributions to the advancement of African Americans. It also provides context for some of the organization's shortcomings in both realms. On the job the African American railroad workers belonging to the CTA fought valiantly to receive the same opportunities for professional growth and development as whites working in the operating trades of the railroad industry. In the public sphere, these men collectively protested second-class services and accommodations both on and off the clock. Neither their agenda, the scope of their activities, nor their influence was limited to the railroad lines the members of the CTA operated within the Gulf Coast region. The CTA belonged to a progressive coalition comprised of four other powerful independent African American labor unions committed to unyielding labor activism and the toppling of Jim Crow. Together, they all worked to effectuate meaningful social change in partnership with national civil rights attorney Charles H. Houston. Houston's experience and direction, coupled with the CTA's dedicated membership and willingness to challenge authority, created considerable momentum in movements aimed at toppling racial inequality in the workplace and elsewhere. Like most of their predecessors, the CTA's struggle for advancement fits within a continuum of successive challenges to economic exploitation and racial inequality. No single person or organization can take full credit for ending segregation or achieving equality. Many who remain nameless and faceless contributed and sacrificed. This study not only chronicles the contribution of a relatively unsung African American labor organization that waged war against Jim Crow on two different fronts, it also pays homage to a few more individuals who made a difference in the lives of an entire race of people during the course of a bitterly contested, never-ending struggle for racial equality in the United States of America during the twentieth century. Colored Trainmen of America Labor Civil Rights History African American Gulf Coast Region American History Twentieth Century American Race Relations Jim Crow Black Labor Unions Charles Hamilton Houston Joseph C. Waddy A. Philip Randolph FEPC Double V. Campaign William H. Hastie 1960s American Railroad System Labor Law Labor Movement Industrial Unions Transportation Interstate Transport World War I World War II The Great Depression The New Deal Executive Order 8802 FDR Harry Truman Dwight Eisenhower LBJ Richard Nixon Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.
44	Beyond "white supremacy:" white reactions to The Clansman and The Birth of a nation in New South North Carolina and Georgia / 「白人至上主義」の向こう側 : ノースカロライナ州及びジョージア州における劇『クランズマン(1905)』と『國民の創生(1915)』に対する南部白人たちの評価 / ハクジンシジョウシュギノムコウガワ : ノースカロライナシュウオヨビジョージアシュウニオケルゲキクランズマン 1905 トコクミンノソウセイ 1915 ニタイスルナンブハクジンタチノヒョウカ / 白人至上主義の向こう側 : ノースカロライナ州及びジョージア州における劇クランズマン1905と國民の創生1915に対する南部白人たちの評価三島(原) 恵実子, 三島恵実子, 原恵実子, Emiko Mishima Hara 07 March 2019 (has links) 昨今「白人至上主義」という単語が多用されているが、その定義は不明確なままである。なぜならば、たとえ人々の「白人至上主義」への認識に多少の差異があったとしても、結果がほぼ変わらないという見解が一般的であるからである。しかしながら本研究は、「白人至上主義」とは時代、場所、そして歴史的・社会的背景によって変容するものであると定義付けた。またある特定の「白人至上主義」を強調した演劇『クランズマン』、後の映画『國民の創生』、に対する南部白人の評価を分析することで、その概念を最も享受したであろう彼らが如何にその言葉の意味を定義し、またどのように保持し習慣づけていったのかを解明しようと試みたものである。 / This dissertation hypothesizes that white supremacy is a flexible ideology that changes depending on the location, the period, and historical as well as social conditions in which it is promoted. By examining and comparing the differences between the responses of white North Carolinians and white Georgians towards The Clansman in 1905 and The Birth of a Nation in 1915, this dissertation argues that even though we assume that Radical white supremacy seems to have covered the entire South during the Jim Crow era, and images and stories of supposed “black beast rapists” obscured social differences within the white group, there were a range of variable and sometimes competing ideologies among white supremacists. / 博士(アメリカ研究) / Doctor of Philosophy in American Studies / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University 白人至上主義南部史ホワイトネス・スタディーズ國民の創生クランズマンジョージア州ノースカロライナ州アトランタ人種暴動ウィルミントン人種暴動クー・クラックス・クラン人種アフリカ系アメリカ人ジム・クロウ融合政治ポピュリズム White Supreamcy Southern History Whiteness Studies The Birth of a Nation The Clansman Thomas Dixon Jr. Gerogia North Carolina Atlanta Race Riot Wilmington Race Riot Ku Klux Klan Race African American Jim Crow Fusion Governement Populism
45	Monarch Cheers, Integration Whimpers, and a Loyalty Conflict: Kansas City Call's Coverage of the Black Yankees, 1937-1955 Eames, Eric M. 05 December 2008 (has links) (PDF) Already regarded as one of the top teams in Negro League baseball, the Kansas City Monarchs became known as a powerhouse unit in the 1930s and 40s. They rolled into towns with lights, amazing athletes, and competitive play. They won championship after championship during these years as Kansas City baseball fans strongly supported them. As they became an integral part of the city, the Monarchs' success, open-seating policy, and jazzy home openers fostered a large following of mixed-race fans. The local black newspaper, the Kansas City Call, held them up on a pedestal, while sportswriters for the mainstream Kansas City Star/Times downplayed the Monarchs' accomplishments and influence in the community. This thesis focuses on the relationship the Call had with the best team in black baseball through the context of its treatment of games, players, league officials, and team owners, as well as other patterns and tactics. Analysis of the Star/Times coverage is also considered to show variances in coverage between one city's race-divided newspapers. Negro League baseball and the African American newspapers that covered the teams grew out of and illustrated the segregation laws and prejudices feelings that existed in the United States during most of the twentieth century. Over time, especially when the sports world moved into the post-integration period, the Call's bolstering of the Monarchs deteriorated as the paper's promotion of democracy steered its sportswriters away from a baseball organization that symbolized segregation. The different types of coverage by the Call throughout the twenty-year study can be described as all-out promotion, balance, and abandonment. In the 1950s nostalgia and conflict existed, as the Call's sportswriters became torn on how to cover a team that was once the pride of the black community, but now represented inequality. In an attempt to remedy this torment, the Call tried to convince black baseball officials to remove the “Negro League” stigma by signing players of all races in order to mirror the more democratic Major Leagues. The white press, meanwhile, ignored the bigger issues of black baseball as one Negro League team after another died in the 1950s. The Star/Times peripheral coverage of the Monarchs provides context to the social issues and discriminatory practices at play in Missouri. As this thesis outlines the coverage of the Monarchs through the Black and White newspapers of Kansas City, previous research is substantiated and challenged to provide a fuller account of Jim Crow's effects. Monarchs Kansas City Negro Leagues black press Jim Crow black baseball Kansas City Call Chester A. Franklin John I. Johnson Chicago Defender Pittsburgh Courier Wendell Smith Sam Lacy Frank Young Lucile Bluford Ernest Mehl C.E. McBride Kansas City Star Kansas City Times white press segregation Major Leagues color barrier baseball integration baseball Buck O'Neil J.L. Wilkinson Tom Baird Satchel Paige Jackie Robinson Hank Thompson Ernie Banks opening day jazz Missiouri Communication

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