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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is
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Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Showing 1 to 5 of 5 (0.056 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"bob accessibility"" "subject:"bob ccessibility""
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Neighborhood change in metropolitan AmericaWei, Fang 24 January 2013 (has links)
This dissertation presents an integrated framework that was developed to examine trajectories of neighborhood change, mechanisms of suburban diversity, and the relationships between neighborhood change and employment accessibility. First, this dissertation extends the study of neighborhood change to a greater time and spatial span, systematically examining the trajectories of neighborhood change at the census tract level. The results show that neighborhood change is complicated and exhibits various trajectories. The dominant patterns do not always conform to classical models of neighborhood change, providing counterpoints to some long-established assumptions. This dissertation also provides evidence of the mechanisms through which metropolitan and suburban characteristics influence suburban diversity. Most importantly, it highlights a remarkable increase in suburban diversity with respect to neighborhood composition. Finally, this dissertation investigates the relationships between neighborhood change, spatial transformation, and employment accessibility in the North Carolina Piedmont region during the last three decades. Spatial patterns of the neighborhood distributions suggest that job accessibility varies by neighborhood typology. A detailed analysis of the trajectories of neighborhood change shows interesting patterns in both central city and suburban ecological succession and transformation. These geographical shifts of neighborhoods were shown to be associated with changes in job accessibility to a certain extent. In sum, by introducing an integrated framework including social, spatial, and employment factors, this dissertation develops a more balanced understanding of neighborhood change in the United States. / Ph. D.
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Impacts of light rail in job accessibility in PhoenixJanuary 2014 (has links)
abstract: It has been identified in the literature that there exists a "spatial mismatch" between geographical concentrations of lower-income or minority people who have relatively lower rates of car ownership, lower skills or educational attainment and who mainly rely on public transit for their travel, and low-skilled jobs for which they more easily qualify. Given this situation, various types of transportation projects have been constructed to improve public transit services and, alongside other goals, improve the connection between low-skilled workers and jobs. As indicators of performance, measures of job accessibility are commonly used in to gauge how such improvements have facilitated job access. Following this approach, this study investigates the impact of the Phoenix Metro Light Rail on job accessibility for the transit users, by calculating job accessibility before and after the opening of the system. Moreover, it also investigates the demographic profile of those who have benefited from improvements in job accessibility----both by income and by ethnicity. Job accessibility is measured using the cumulative opportunity approach which quantifies the job accessibility within different travel time limits, such as 30 and 45 minutes. ArcGIS is used for data processing and results visualization. Results show that the Phoenix light rail has improved job accessibility of the traffic analysis zones that are along the light rail line and Hispanic and lower-income groups have benefited more than their counterparts. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.U.E.P. Urban and Environmental Planning 2014
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Effects of Transit-Oriented Development on Affordable Housing, Job Accessibility, and Affordability of Transportation in the Metro Green Line Corridor of Los Angeles (CA)Desmuke, Audrey M 01 June 2013 (has links) (PDF)
The premise of this study is that an understanding of catalysts and impacts of social and economic change in the Los Angeles Metro Green Line study corridor and an analysis of current planning policies can help identify how future planning policies may generate more ideal and positive outcomes for the study corridor. This study evaluated the conditions within the transit corridor with four selected station areas defined by a one-mile radius from each station. The stations that make up the transit corridor are along the Los Angeles Metro Green Line that runs east west between Redondo Beach and Norwalk. A mile radius buffer was chosen to fully capture the spacing between the stations linearly and use that to define the corridor’s primary area of influence.
This study evaluated the changes in demographic composition, housing affordability, transportation affordability and job accessibility within the Metro Green Line corridor between the year 2000 and 2010. Trends in the corridor revealed that over a ten-year span, the corridor saw shifts in demographic composition, growth in job and housing densities and increases in the cost of housing.
Over the ten years, the corridor has not yet developed to the standards of a location efficient environment. This study recommends that protection of vulnerable populations such as the high proportion of renter-occupied housing units is important because they are more likely to make up core transit riders that need public transportation. Preserving and building affordable housing near transit would enable households to save money on both transportation and housing expenditures and can work towards making the corridor more affordable. By understanding the three main variables in the context of social equity, a decision-maker can avoid the potential of negative gentrification, displacement, and promote economic viability in the corridor.
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The relationships between accessibility and crash risk from social equity perspectives: A case study at the Rotterdam-The Hague metropolitan regionOdijk, Masha J. M., Asadi, Mehrnaz, Ulak, M. Baran, Geurs, Karst T. 03 January 2023 (has links)
Traflic safety and accessibility have been two important subjects in transportation research. On the one hand traffic crashes bring about high societal costs and serious health risks for urban road users. The cost oftraffic crashes is estimated to be 17 billion euros per year only in the Netherlands while over 600 people were killed in traffic, of whom 229 were cyclists and 195 were car users [l, 2]. Accessibility, on the other band, is regarded as one of the indicators of the quality of the transport system serving the public. There is comprehensive literature investigating the relationship between traffic crashes and factors associated with traffic, roadway design, built environment, and human factors. Similarly, several studies assessed and evaluated accessibility levels of individuals, communities, and regions by utilizing the aforementioned. factors. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity ofliterature investigating the relationships between accessibility and traffic safety. This is especially surprising considering that both subjects are associated with a similar set of factors, including land use and transport systems, as weil as individual and temporal factors [3-7]. The relationships between accessibility and
traffic safety can be an adverse one; for example, improved accessibility by increasing the travel speeds (i.e., declining travel time) intensifies the crash risks which also deteriorates equity. Furthermore, levels ofboth accessibility and traffic safety are not homogeneous throughout urban areas and among different population groups. Based on the literature, it is obvious that accessibility is associated with economic equity [8]. lt is revealed that accessibility of lower-income groups is substantially worse than the higher-income groups as these groups have less mobility [9]. Previous studies also showed. that lower-income groups usually suffer from traffic safety problems more than other socio-economic groups [10-12]. Therefore, this research aims to address the aforementioned gap in the literature in understanding the relationships between accessibility levels and traffic safety with a focus on social equity perspecti.ves. For this purpose, a Gravity model and risk exposure evaluation approaches are utilix.ed to analyze traffic safety and accessibility to jobs by bicycle via extending the traditional definition of accessibility based on only travel time or proximity to a location.
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Home, Job and Space : Mapping and Modeling the Labor MarketÖsth, John January 2007 (has links)
How does space affect individuals’ outcome on the labor market? And how do we measure it? Beyond the notion of the labor market as a system of supply and demand, lays a society of individuals and workplaces, whose relationships are undeniably complex. This thesis aims to shed some new light on how to investigate and analyze the complex labor market relationships from a spatial perspective. In this thesis, five self-contained articles describe the spatial relationship between individuals and workplaces. In the first article, the official delineation of local labor market areas is tested against the delineation of labor markets for different subgroups. Differences in the regionalization are discussed from the subgroups’ and municipals’ perspective. In the second article, two sources of bias in the computation of local labor market areas, and suggestions how to reduce them, are presented. In the third article the spatial mismatch hypothesis is tested and confirmed on a refugee population in Sweden. In articles four and five, a new model for the estimation of job accessibility is introduced and evaluated. The model, ELMO, is created to answer to the need for a new accessibility measure to be used in spatial mismatch related research. The usability of the model is validated through empirical tests, were the ELMO-model excels in comparison to the accessibility models it is tested against.
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