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No description available.

This study uses an ethnographic approach (in-depth interviews and newsrooms observations) combined with Critical Discourse Analysis to closely interrogate how journalists in four Nigerian print newsrooms; The Punch, Vanguard, Nigerian Tribune and Guardian, appropriate ‘alternative media’ content and new media technologies in their newsmaking practices. The choice of these four newsrooms enables a detailed reading of how the process of appropriating new media technologies and alternative media content takes place in Nigerian print newsrooms. The study explores how and whether (or not) these appropriations are impacting on institutional practices of Nigerian print journalists. It also sheds light on the spaces which new media technologies negotiate in these newsrooms and how these journalists negotiate the appropriation of alternative media content. Beyond the everyday newsmaking practices, the study uses the reporting of two key events; the Nigerian elections of 2011 and the Occupy Nigeria protests of 2012 to show how journalists in Nigerian print newsrooms negotiate their appropriation of alternative media content and new media technologies in reporting key events. Together, these examples highlight the creative appropriation of new media technologies in Nigerian print newsrooms and the need to avoid technological determinist perspectives which totalise experiences elsewhere as being universal. The study therefore reinvigorates the continued relevance of newsroom ethnography and argues that a sociological approach, which importantly considers local context imperatives, remains useful in understanding how Nigerian print journalists appropriate new media technologies and the resulting alternative journalisms. The findings of the study provide useful insights into the journalistic cultures in Nigerian print newsrooms and highlights how these journalists negotiate their appropriation of alternative media content. While the (disruptive) impact of new media technologies on newsmaking practices in these newsrooms cannot be ignored, the study finds that a number of local context factors constrain and shape how appropriations take place in these newsrooms. Thus, Nigerian print journalists appropriate alternative media and new media technologies to suit traditional journalistic practices. The study’s contribution to knowledge therefore lies in acknowledging that, beyond binary assumptions about the impact of new media technologies on journalism practices in Africa, particularly Nigeria, there is the need to consider the creative and complex ways in which journalists in these contexts appropriate these technologies. This study should thus be read as a step towards that end.

Based on in-depth interviews with eighty-three people who were named in newspapers in the New York City-area and a southwestern city, this dissertation explores the phenomenon of being featured, quoted, or mentioned in a news story, from the subject's point of view. Discussions of news subjects usually begin when the journalist comes on the scene and end with subjects' assessments of accuracy in the articles in which they appear. But I find that news subjects perceive the phenomenon of "making the news" as a broader saga that begins with their involvement in an event or issue, often only later deemed newsworthy by journalists, and extends to the repercussions of the coverage in their lives, including feedback they receive from others and effects on their digital reputations. Subjects interpret their news coverage, including its accuracy, in light of the trigger events that brought them to journalists' attention in the first place and the coverage's ensuing effects. Individual chapters focus on subjects' reasons for wanting or not wanting to speak to reporters; their interactions with reporters; their reactions to the news content in which they were named; and repercussions of news appearances. I conclude that the assumption that news subjects are all victims of the press is both reductive and, often, from the subject's own point of view, inaccurate. While common wisdom suggests that people who seek news attention do so for petty or poorly considered reasons, I find that interviewees often did consider the pros and cons of speaking to the press before agreeing to do so. For most participants the attraction could be summarized as the opportunity to address or display themselves before a large audience, which they saw as rare and elusive, even in today's web 2.0 world. At the same time, most subjects understood, at least in theory, the main risks involved: that they were giving up control over their stories to reporters, but would nonetheless bear the repercussions of having had their names in the news. But the majority concluded--even after seeing the, often imperfect, resulting articles--that the benefits outweighed the risks. Subjects were often pleased with their news appearances even despite inaccuracies in the content because they found that, unless they were portrayed extremely negatively, appearing in the news conferred status, which was often not just psychologically but materially beneficial. Those subjects who were left dissatisfied with their experiences appearing in the news only rarely felt misled or outright betrayed by journalists. It was far more common that subjects felt journalists were unacceptably aggressive or exploitative. Other subjects traced their discontent not to their interactions with journalists but to the content of the resulting news stories, whether because inaccuracies derailed their objectives for appearing in the news in the first place, or because the content had stigmatizing effects. This is the ugly obverse of status conferral: subjects who were portrayed as behavioral deviants--criminals for instance--found that not only was their status not enhanced by their news appearances, their social standing and professional prospects were badly damaged. I conclude that both the status and stigma conferred by the news media are magnified by the digital publication, circulation, and searchability of news articles, which can now continue to have profound effects on subjects' lives far into the future.

徐复金. / "二零零二年七月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (leaves 162-166) / 附中英文摘要. / "Er ling ling er nian qi yue" / Xu Fujin. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 162-166) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 關於本硏究的介紹 --- p.1-20 / Chapter 第一節 --- 新聞翻譯是翻譯硏究一個重要的課題 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 本硏究的主要方向和硏究內容 --- p.6 / Chapter 第二章 --- 新聞翻譯硏究文獻回顧與理論介紹 --- p.21-47 / Chapter 第一節 --- 新聞翻譯硏究文獻的總體回顧 --- p.21 / Chapter 第二節 --- 新聞翻譯硏究中兩個論述比較集中的問題 --- p.26 / Chapter 第三節 --- 從「傳理」論新聞翻譯 --- p.35 / Chapter 第四節 --- 本硏究翻譯理論基礎´ؤ´ؤ「多元模式」理論 --- p.38 / Chapter 第三章 --- 硏究方法與設計 --- p.48-57 / Chapter 第一節 --- 資料收集 --- p.48 / Chapter 第二節 --- 資料分析 --- p.54 / Chapter 第三節 --- 硏究對象 --- p.57 / Chapter 第四章 --- 硏究發現 --- p.58-88 / Chapter 第一節 --- 新聞稿件的來源 --- p.60 / Chapter 第二節 --- 影響新聞選擇和翻譯的主要因素 --- p.70 / Chapter 第三節 --- 新聞翻譯的方法和原則 --- p.76 / Chapter 第五章 --- 討論及啓示 --- p.89-139 / Chapter 第一節 --- 新聞翻譯發生需要具備三個前提條件 --- p.89 / Chapter 第二節 --- 影響新聞翻譯過程的多元因素分析 --- p.96 / Chapter 第三節 --- 新聞翻譯過程的多元模式 --- p.137 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結論 --- p.140-143 / 附錄 --- p.144-161 / Chapter 一、 --- 調查問卷 --- p.144 / Chapter 二、 --- 訪談實錄一輯 --- p.151 / Chapter 三、 --- 美聯社電訊稿原文一則 --- p.160 / Chapter 四、 --- 《參考消息》刊登的新聞譯文 --- p.161 / 參考書目 --- p.162-166

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On Arbor Day, 1919, 32 Ponderosa Pine trees were planted on the campus of the University of Montana to commemorate individuals associated with the university who died while serving Montana in World War I. Collectively called Memorial Row and situated among present-day McGill and Don Anderson Halls and the Social Science and Education buildings, the trees honor individuals who died in combat, as a result of combat injuries, and from the Spanish Influenza pandemic of 1918 while stationed with the Student Army Training Corps (SATC) on the UM campus or at Fort Missoula. Four women who volunteered as nurses and died are also remembered. Contained herein are three stories of individuals memorialized in Memorial Row: James Claude Simpkins, a chemistry graduate of 1916 and second lieutenant in the First Army Air Service; Mrs. Solomon Yoder (a.k.a. Hazel Leonard), a nurse who volunteered at the SATC, contracted the flu and died a few days later; and Paul Logan Dornblaser, a UM football star and 1914 law graduate who served as a corporal in the 6th Marines, and after whom the UM athletic track is named.

Since U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reintroduced gray wolves into Yellowstone National Park and central Idaho in 1995 and 1996, conflicts between wolves and livestock have increased as the wolf population has grown and expanded. Ranchers in wolf country face a changing ecology that now includes wolves as a keystone predator, and failing to adapt to the change has meant hard losses for some ranchers. In other cases, ranchers have found ways to compensate for the reintroduced predator. These ranching situations, both the unchanged and the changed, offer lessons to livestock producers who can anticipate wolves becoming part of the landscape. And the values most likely to make the transition from ranching without a viable wolf population to ranching with a viable population as painless as possible, the ranchers say, are communication and cooperation between themselves, their neighbors, wildlife managers and government trappers.

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